Historical trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in three dated sediment cores from Mexico (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013
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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in sediments from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea coastal waters and lakes in Shandong Peninsula were determined. The total PCB concentrations of the measured 50 congeners ( 50PCBs) in the sediments ranged from 273.7 to 644.5 pg g −1 dw (dry weight). The PCB congener profiles in the lacustrine sediments were different from those in the marine sediments. TriCBs and TetraCBs were the dominant homologues in marine sediments, whereas in the sediments from the Nansi Lakes, contributions of PCB homologues were similar. The total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs ranged from 6.2 to 27.4 pg g −1 dw. The congener profiles of 2,3,7,8-sustituted PCDD/Fs for the sediments were generally similar for both the lakes and the coastal sea areas in Shandong Peninsula. They were characterized by high OCDD, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDF. The congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in the sediments were consistent with the profiles of main dominant PCDD/Fs in pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate products in China. PCDD/F-TEQ ranged from 0.11 to 0.80 pg TEQ g −1 dw. The dioxinlike PCB-TEQ had concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 pg TEQ g −1 dw, mainly from PCB126. PCBs and PCDD/Fs concentrations found in the sediments were from background to low polluted levels.
Environmental Science & Technology, 1997
The chronology of PCDD/F accumulation was determined in sediment cores from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Ontario and two small "control" lakes. Accumulation rates began increasing about 1940, increased to maxima at 1970 (10 yr, and then declined to the present rates that are 30-70% of the maxima. The observed accumulations ranged from <0.03 ng cm-2 yr-1 in the control lakes and Lake Superior to 0.39 ng cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Ontario. By comparing the PCDD/F sedimentary accumulation in the control lakes to those in the Great Lakes, we estimate that Lake Superior receives ∼0%, southern Lake Michigan receives ∼20%, northern Lake Michigan receives ∼60%, and Lake Ontario receives >90% of their current PCDD/F inputs from subregional atmospheric (air parcels having higher concentrations of PCDD/F than remote air due to local sources) and/or non-atmospheric sources. We also compared the sedimentary accumulations to estimates of atmospheric deposition. The PCDD/F accumulation rates in the control lakes were similar to atmospheric deposition of PCDD/Fs from remote air in the Great Lakes basin. Atmospheric deposition from suburban air can support the accumulation of PCDD/F in southern Lake Michigan but some non-atmospheric sources to northern Lake Michigan are implicated. Lake Ontario may be receiving >70% of its current inputs of PCDD/F from non-atmospheric sources.
Chemosphere, 1997
The occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofiarans (PCDFs) were investigated in surface sediments (0-2 cm) of the Belt Sea and Arkona Sea as well as of the internal and external coastal waters of northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). The concentrations of different PCDD/PCDF congeners especially of the most toxic congeners such as 2,3,7,8,-TCDD were measured. The sum of PCDDs varied between 66,2 pg/kg TOC and 2,1 pg/kg TOC. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ according NATO/CCMS) ranged between 1,1 mad 18,7. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Warnow estuary and in the Oder Haft. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDFs were observed in the Wismar Bight.
Environmental …, 2000
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), naphthalenes (PCNs), biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nonylphenol (NP) were measured in a dated sediment core collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan, in order to ...
Historical records of organic pollutants in sediment cores
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014
Analyses of sediment core samples are primary sources of historical pollution trends in aquatic systems. Determining organic compounds, such as POPs, in the dated sediments enables the estimation of their temporal concentration changes and the identification of the contaminant origin in local regions. Wars, large-scale fires, economical transitions, and bans on certain chemicals are reflected in the sediment organic compound concentrations. The high POP concentrations in surficial sediments suggest that these chemicals, even after being banned, remain in the environment. Furthermore, vertical profiles can help in understanding the sedimentation process and in estimating effective countermeasures against pollution. Moreover, studies published during the period 1991-2013 on PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, dioxins and dioxin-like compound concentrations in sediment core samples are reviewed.
CM Documents - ICES, 1996
The occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofiarans (PCDFs) were investigated in surface sediments (0-2 cm) of the Belt Sea and Arkona Sea as well as of the internal and external coastal waters of northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). The concentrations of different PCDD/PCDF congeners especially of the most toxic congeners such as 2,3,7,8,-TCDD were measured. The sum of PCDDs varied between 66,2 pg/kg TOC and 2,1 pg/kg TOC. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ according NATO/CCMS) ranged between 1,1 mad 18,7. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Warnow estuary and in the Oder Haft. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDFs were observed in the Wismar Bight.
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1998
Concentrations and accumulations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in dated sediment cores from three of the Great Lakes and two remotely located "control lakes" to assess how inputs of the compounds vary currently and historically among the lakes. The current PCDD accumulation rates in the Great Lakes ranged from a low of 0.0075 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Superior to a high of 0.22 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Ontario. PCDF accumulation rates ranged from a low of 0.00078 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Superior to a high of 0.23 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Ontario. The relative importance of atmospheric versus non-atmospheric sources of PCDDs and PCDFs to the lakes was estimated by comparing homolog compositions and accumulation rates among cores and homolog-specific accumulation rates to estimates of atmo~pheric deposition. The estimates are that the atmosphere currently provides (a) 100% of PCDD and PCDF to Lake Superior, (b) 100% of PCDD to southern Lake Michigan, 33-50% of PCDD to northern Lake Michigan, but only 5-35% of PCDF to Lake Michigan, and (c) only 5-35% of PCDD and < 5% of PCDF to Lake Ontario. By comparing the sediment homolog compositions to those (~f non-atmospheric sources, likely non-atmospheric sources are suggested.