Historical trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in three dated sediment cores from Mexico (original) (raw)
Environmental Science & Technology, 1997
The chronology of PCDD/F accumulation was determined in sediment cores from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Ontario and two small "control" lakes. Accumulation rates began increasing about 1940, increased to maxima at 1970 (10 yr, and then declined to the present rates that are 30-70% of the maxima. The observed accumulations ranged from <0.03 ng cm-2 yr-1 in the control lakes and Lake Superior to 0.39 ng cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Ontario. By comparing the PCDD/F sedimentary accumulation in the control lakes to those in the Great Lakes, we estimate that Lake Superior receives ∼0%, southern Lake Michigan receives ∼20%, northern Lake Michigan receives ∼60%, and Lake Ontario receives >90% of their current PCDD/F inputs from subregional atmospheric (air parcels having higher concentrations of PCDD/F than remote air due to local sources) and/or non-atmospheric sources. We also compared the sedimentary accumulations to estimates of atmospheric deposition. The PCDD/F accumulation rates in the control lakes were similar to atmospheric deposition of PCDD/Fs from remote air in the Great Lakes basin. Atmospheric deposition from suburban air can support the accumulation of PCDD/F in southern Lake Michigan but some non-atmospheric sources to northern Lake Michigan are implicated. Lake Ontario may be receiving >70% of its current inputs of PCDD/F from non-atmospheric sources.
Chemosphere, 1997
The occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofiarans (PCDFs) were investigated in surface sediments (0-2 cm) of the Belt Sea and Arkona Sea as well as of the internal and external coastal waters of northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). The concentrations of different PCDD/PCDF congeners especially of the most toxic congeners such as 2,3,7,8,-TCDD were measured. The sum of PCDDs varied between 66,2 pg/kg TOC and 2,1 pg/kg TOC. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ according NATO/CCMS) ranged between 1,1 mad 18,7. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Warnow estuary and in the Oder Haft. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDFs were observed in the Wismar Bight.
Environmental …, 2000
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), naphthalenes (PCNs), biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nonylphenol (NP) were measured in a dated sediment core collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan, in order to ...
Historical records of organic pollutants in sediment cores
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014
Analyses of sediment core samples are primary sources of historical pollution trends in aquatic systems. Determining organic compounds, such as POPs, in the dated sediments enables the estimation of their temporal concentration changes and the identification of the contaminant origin in local regions. Wars, large-scale fires, economical transitions, and bans on certain chemicals are reflected in the sediment organic compound concentrations. The high POP concentrations in surficial sediments suggest that these chemicals, even after being banned, remain in the environment. Furthermore, vertical profiles can help in understanding the sedimentation process and in estimating effective countermeasures against pollution. Moreover, studies published during the period 1991-2013 on PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, dioxins and dioxin-like compound concentrations in sediment core samples are reviewed.
CM Documents - ICES, 1996
The occurrence and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofiarans (PCDFs) were investigated in surface sediments (0-2 cm) of the Belt Sea and Arkona Sea as well as of the internal and external coastal waters of northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). The concentrations of different PCDD/PCDF congeners especially of the most toxic congeners such as 2,3,7,8,-TCDD were measured. The sum of PCDDs varied between 66,2 pg/kg TOC and 2,1 pg/kg TOC. The toxicity equivalents (TEQ according NATO/CCMS) ranged between 1,1 mad 18,7. Elevated concentrations were observed in the surface sediments of the internal coastal waters with highest concentrations in the Warnow estuary and in the Oder Haft. This indicates a significant contribution of river discharge to the contamination of sediments with PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDFs were observed in the Wismar Bight.
Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1998
Concentrations and accumulations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in dated sediment cores from three of the Great Lakes and two remotely located "control lakes" to assess how inputs of the compounds vary currently and historically among the lakes. The current PCDD accumulation rates in the Great Lakes ranged from a low of 0.0075 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Superior to a high of 0.22 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Ontario. PCDF accumulation rates ranged from a low of 0.00078 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Superior to a high of 0.23 ng/cm 2 /yr in Lake Ontario. The relative importance of atmospheric versus non-atmospheric sources of PCDDs and PCDFs to the lakes was estimated by comparing homolog compositions and accumulation rates among cores and homolog-specific accumulation rates to estimates of atmo~pheric deposition. The estimates are that the atmosphere currently provides (a) 100% of PCDD and PCDF to Lake Superior, (b) 100% of PCDD to southern Lake Michigan, 33-50% of PCDD to northern Lake Michigan, but only 5-35% of PCDF to Lake Michigan, and (c) only 5-35% of PCDD and < 5% of PCDF to Lake Ontario. By comparing the sediment homolog compositions to those (~f non-atmospheric sources, likely non-atmospheric sources are suggested.
Chemosphere, 2010
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Characteristics of the abundance of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples from selected Asian regions in Can Gio,
Assessment of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
Surface coastal sediments (0-10 cm) collected from three natural environments on the Spanish Northern Atlantic Coast were analyzed so as to determine concentrations of 6 marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). An analytical procedure based on Soxhlet extraction followed by an automated cleanup and final high-resolution gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of the persistent organic pollutants. Marker PCB levels ranged from 385.5 to 4,060.9 pg/g dry weight (d.w.) showing a similar congener pattern in all sediments dominated by the less volatile congeners PCB 153 and PCB 138. Linear correlations were found between marker and dl-PCBs. Toxicity equivalent values were calculated for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs reaching its maximum at 0.52 pg WHO 1998-TEQ/g d.w., with an average dl-PCBs contribution on the toxicity of the samples of 75%, and showing to be in good agreement with background levels in the NorthEast Atlantic Ocean Coasts of nearly 1 pg/g WHO 1998-TEQ d.w. Dimensionless environmental quality criteria were much lower than 1 indicating the low probability to induce ecotoxicological impacts.