Various Textiles-Based Comparative Analysis of a Millimeter Wave Miniaturized Novel Antenna Design for Body-Centric Communications (original) (raw)
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Comparative Design and Study of A 60 GHz Antenna for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 2021
In this paper performance of three different designs of a 60 GHz high gain antenna for body-centric communication has been evaluated. The basic structure of the antenna is a slotted patch consisting of a rectangular ring radiator with passive radiators inside. The variation of the design was done by changing the shape of these passive radiators. For free space performance, two types of excitations were used-waveguide port and a coaxial probe. The coaxial probe significantly improved both the bandwidth and radiation efficiency. The center frequency of all the designs was close to 60 GHz with a bandwidth of more than 5 GHz. These designs achieved a maximum gain of 8.47 dB, 10 dB, and 9.73 dB while the radiation efficiency was around 94%. For body-centric applications, these antennas were simulated at two different distances from a human torso phantom using a coaxial probe. The torso phantom was modeled by taking three layers of the human body-skin, fat, and muscle. Millimeter waves have low penetration depth in the human body as a result antenna performance is less affected. A negligible shift of return loss curves was observed. Radiation efficiencies dropped at the closest distance to the phantom and at the furthest distance, the efficiencies increased to free space values. On the three layers human body phantom, all three different antenna designs show directive radiation patterns towards off the body. All three designs exhibited similar results in terms of center frequency and efficiency but varied slightly by either having better bandwidth or maximum gain.
Design and Analysis of a Compact Superwideband Millimeter Wave Textile Antenna for Body Area Network
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022
The advancement of wireless technology has led to an exponential increase in the usage of smart wearable devices. Current wireless bands are getting more congested, and we are already seeing a shift towards millimeter wave bands. This paper proposes a design for a millimeter wave textile antenna for body-centric communications. The antenna has a quasi-self-complementary (QSC) structure. The radiating patch is a semicircular disc with a radius of 1.855 mm and is fed by a 5.07 mm long, 0.70 mm wide microstrip feedline. A complementary leaf-shaped slot is etched in the ground plane. The radiating disc and the ground plane are attached to a 1.5 mm thick nonconducting 100% polyester substrate. The antenna has an overall dimension of 10 mm × 7.00 mm . In free space, the antenna achieved a superwideband impedance bandwidth that covers the Ka, V, and W bands designated by IEEE. At 60 GHz, the antenna’s radiation efficiency was 89.06%, with a maximum gain of 5.7 dBi. Millimeter waves are...
This paper presents a light-weight and simple structure of monopole antenna using conductive textile. Pure Copper Polyster Tafetta Fabric (PCPTF) is used as a conductive textile, in comparison with conventional microstrip monopole antenna. The prototype is designed with 40 mm × 60 mm total dimension and spaced by a 2 mm thick felt fabric for Body-Centric Wireless Communications (BCWC) operating in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. A parametric study has been carried out in order to investigate the antenna basic characteristics, thereby enhancing the antenna performance. The result showed that a slight downward frequency shift of wearable textile monopole was observed against the conventional monopole antenna. The wearable textile antenna is seen to produce about 4 dB higher in reflection coefficient than the conventional monopole antenna. Besides, a satisfactory gain characteristic was obtained by wearable textile monopole comparable to the conventional monopole antenna.
Textile antennas for on-body communications: techniques and properties
IET Seminar Digests, 2007
Due to the increased demand on multi-frequency and multi-function antenna to be utilised in smart clothing and future consumer-centric communication technologies, fabric and textile antenna designs have received a vast amount of attention in the last few years. The fabrication techniques and materials used in designing textile antennas play a significant role in defining and determining the overall performance. This paper investigates different methods of fabrications applying various material types to analyse the effect those parameters have on a rectangular microstrip patch antenna to be deployed in general wearable applications providing cost-effectiveness, ease of system integration and immunity to performance degradation when placed ont he body.
Textile antenna incorporated with high impedance surface for on-body performance enhancement
The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), 2014
This article presents design of a new dual band textile antenna for WiFi application. Normally available felt fabric is utilized for the design. Operating frequencies of the antenna are 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. Designed antenna is tested in free space and in the proximity of human body model. Because of coupling with human body, the antenna performance degrades, therefore dual band high impedance surface (HIS) has been employed for minimizing these degradations. The HIS array is composed of only 9 (3x3) elements and reduces the radiations toward body and hence minimizes specific absorption rate (SAR) by 94-97 % at the operating frequencies. The integrated design is able to show improvements in return loss, gain and directivity while maintaining good impedance match with adequate bandwidth at the operating frequencies. CST Microwave Studio has been used for all the simulations and designs. .
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
A new self-complimentary compact antenna operating at 60 GHz within the millimeter wave frequency range has been presented in this paper. The design is intended for the wireless body-centric network (WBCN). The proposed compact design has a dimension of 4.5 × 6.03 × 1.59 mm3. The antenna was designed with multiple geometrical structures held upon a narrow feed line with a rectangular slot and parasitic elements to increase bandwidth. Free space simulations of the antenna produced optimistic results in terms of gain, radiation efficiency, and bandwidth; a maximum gain of 6.7 dB was achieved with an efficiency of 84.5%. Parametric studies were carried out to better understand its nature by modifying the key design aspects and comparing the outcomes. A 3D human torso phantom was virtually created with natural human body properties, and the on-body performance of the design was tested by placing the antenna in its near field. With some slight deviation from their peak performance, on-b...
A textile antenna based on high-performance fabrics
IET Seminar Digest, 2007
This paper reports a multilayer textile microstrip patch antenna for integration into protective clothing for professional workers since it is made out of a high performance aramid fabric. It is designed to operate in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band for short range communication to transmit vital signs, activity and environmental conditions to a nearby base station. Electrotextiles are used for the antenna patch and ground plane. Integration of the textile antenna into the protective clothing requires a finite ground plane and reliable operation in the vicinity of the body. Furthermore the patch may bend. A rectangular ring topology is proposed to preserve the antenna characteristics in real-life applications. This research paves the way for a new generation of protective clothing.
Experimental Characterization of A Textile Antenna Working at 2.4 GHz
2017 2nd International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), 2017
This paper presents a flexible textile antenna working at 2.4 GHz suitable for wireless body area networks. The antenna is composed of leather and copper tape. Such simple structure makes the antenna flexible, cheap and easy to be reproduced. The antenna has been simulated in CST microwave studio. A prototype of the proposed antenna is also fabricated. Numerical and measured results are compared in terms of reflection coefficient. Performances are also evaluated in terms of voltage standing wave ratio, radiation pattern and directivity. The antenna offers a 4.27dB gain with 64.65% radiation efficiency. Performance of the antenna near human body has also been monitored. It is observed that the resonant frequency shifts downward when the antenna is placed on the human body. Keywords— Textile Antenna, Return loss, Wireless Body Area Network.
Enhancement of On-Body Propagation at 60 GHz Using Electro Textiles
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2014
It is demonstrated that an electro textile can improve the wave propagation at 60 GHz along and around the body. To this end, an analytical formulation is implemented to evaluate the electric field excited by an infinitesimal dipole over a flat skin model with and without an electro textile layer. To validate the analytical results, the propagation is characterized numerically and experimentally for two rectangular open-ended V-band waveguides placed over a skin-equivalent phantom. Path gain values for flat, cylindrical, and elliptical cylinder phantoms are provided. Results show that placing an electro textile over a skin-equivalent phantom allows increasing the path gain by 5-15 dB. In addition, it has a shielding effect by decreasing the power absorption in the body by more than 95%.
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2021
This paper presents a novel design for a multiple band millimeter wave antenna with a wide active region in the extremely high frequency (EHF) range. The antenna's performance was tested at three evenly separated frequencies: 60 GHz within the V-band region, 80 GHz within the E-band region, and 100 GHz. Simulation exhibits satisfactory results in terms of gain and efficiency, although the efficiency falling tendency for higher frequency persists. As millimeter wave antennas have miniature-like dimensions and low penetration depth into human body layers, the performance of these antennas is less disturbed by the presence of a human body, making them ideal for body-centric wireless communication (BCWC) applications. Thus, a human body model was created virtually with the necessary property data. Simulations are repeated at the same frequencies as before, with the antenna kept close to the constructed human body model. The results were promising as the gains found increased radiati...