DASH diet score and distribution of blood pressure in middle-aged men and women (original) (raw)
Related papers
2000
To determine the impact of dietary patterns on the control of hypertension we studied the subgroup of 133 participants with systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 to 159 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of 90 to 95 mm Hg enrolled in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study. Participants were fed a control diet for a 3-week period and were then randomized to receive for 8 weeks either the control diet; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, but otherwise similar to control; or a combination diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, including whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts, and reduced in fats, red meats, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages. Sodium intake and body weight were held constant throughout the study. The combination diet significantly reduced systolic BP (؊ ؊11.4 mm Hg, P < < .001) and diastolic BP (؊ ؊5.5 mm Hg, P < < .001). The fruits-andvegetables diet also significantly reduced systolic BP (؊ ؊7.2 mm Hg, P < < .001) and diastolic BP (؊ ؊2.8 mm Hg, P ؍ ؍ .013). The combination diet produced significantly greater BP effects (P < < .05) than the fruits-and-vegetables diet. Blood pressure changes were evident within 2 weeks of starting the intervention feeding. After the 8-week intervention period, 70% of participants eating the combination diet had a normal BP (systolic BP < < 140 and diastolic BP < < 90 mm Hg) compared with 45% on the fruits-and-vegetables diet and 23% on the control diet. In patients with hypertension, the DASH combination diet effectively lowers BP and may be useful in achieving control of Stage 1 hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2000;13:949 -955
Compliance to dash diet by patients with essential hypertension
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2010
High blood pressure is one of the most common vascular diseases worldwide. The estimated total number of people with hypertension in the whole world (defined as an average systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg, a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medications) is about 1 billion [Chobanian et al., 2003]. According to Tykarski et al. [2005], in Poland hypertension affects 42.1% of adult men and 32.9% of women. In a systematic review of the worldwide prevalence of hypertension, which was based on studies from 1980 to 2003, the lowest prevalence of hypertension was found in rural India (3.4% in men and 6.8% in women) and the highest prevalence in Poland (68.9% in men and 72.5% in women) [Kearney et al., 2004]. Previous data from ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) and Pol-MON-ICA Project indicated that the prevalence of hypertension and mean blood pressures was higher in Polish than in the U.S. subjects. In this study the prevalence of hypertension was similar in Polish urban and rural men (37% and 36%) however in women it was higher in the rural (43%) than in the urban population (40%) [Rywik et al., 1998]. Chronic essential hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications [Das, 2001]. Controlling hypertension is a complex problem involving medical treatment plan and adherence to treatment as well as tailored diet and compliance to this diet [Spranger et al., 2004]. Well-documented lifestyle modifications that lower blood pressure include: reducing sodium intake to less than 2.4 g per day; increasing physical activity to at least 30 minutes per day; achieving a weight loss goal of 10% and more, and limiting alcohol consumption [Whelton et al., 2002]. The multicenter United States study-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-has clearly indicated that diet can significantly lower blood pressure [Sacks et al., 2001]. The DASH eating plan that is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat is recommended for both, preventing and managing hypertension (Table 1). This diet emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat or fat free milk
Preventive medicine reports, 2016
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is a widely recommended diet for individuals with hypertension. Adherence to the DASH diet has been shown to be effective for controlling hypertension, but it is unclear whether a hypertension diagnosis has an impact on adherence to the diet and nutrient intake. This study examined the association between hypertension diagnosis and the DASH nutrient intake using the multivariate linear regression method. The sample was composed of individuals with hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. The outcome was the DASH accordance score (0 to 9 points), which measures the intake of nine nutrients compared to target amounts. Study findings indicate that a diagnostic status of hypertension was associated with increased consumption of sodium, saturated fat, total fat, and protein. Adherence to the DASH diet was more likely to be associated with health conditions such as obesity and h...
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2010
Background: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is widely promoted in the USA for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure. It is high in fruit and vegetables, low-fat dairy and wholegrain foods and low in saturated fat and refined sugar. To our knowledge, the use of this dietary pattern has not been assessed in a free-living UK population. Methods: The DASH diet was adapted to fit UK food preferences and portion sizes. Fourteen healthy subjects followed the adapted DASH diet for 30 days in which they self-selected all food and beverages. Dietary intake was assessed by 5-day food diaries completed before and towards the end of the study. Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of the study to assess compliance to the DASH style diet. Results: The DASH diet was easily adapted to fit with UK food preferences. Furthermore, it was well tolerated and accepted by subjects. When on the DASH style diet, subjects reported consuming significantly (P < 0.01) more carbohydrate and protein and less total fat (5%, 6% and 9% total energy, respectively). Sodium intakes decreased by 860 mg day)1 (P < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by 4.6 and 3.9 mmHg, respectively when on the DASH style diet. Conclusions: The DASH style diet was well accepted and was associated with a decrease in blood pressure in normotensive individuals and should be considered when giving dietary advice to people with elevated blood pressure in the UK.
OP28 Diet Quality and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged Men and Women
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2012
background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial provides critical data on the impact of a specific diet pattern (low in salt, fat, and processed foods and high in fruit and vegetables) on blood pressure (BP). The effect of compliance with a DASH-type diet on BP in a general population sample is less well defined. We studied associations between a DASH style diet and BP. methods We used cross-sectional data from a study of men and women aged 47-73 years (n = 2,047). Participants completed a physical examination that included 3 standardized clinical BP recordings. A subsample (n = 1,187) had ambulatory BP measurements (ABPM) taken. Diet was assessed using a DASH dietary score constructed from a standard Food Frequency Questionnaire. Lower scores indicated less healthy diets. Hypertension was defined as clinic BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg on medication or as 24-hour ABPM ≥ 130/80 mmHg. results Inverse associations were evident between DASH and systolic BP (SBP). There was a difference in clinic SBP of 7.5 mm Hg and 5.1 mm Hg and a difference in ABPM SBP of 6.3 mm Hg and 5.4 mm Hg in men and women, respectively, between the highest and lowest DASH quintiles. In fully adjusted multivariable regression analysis, DASH score was inversely associated with SBP. Clear population differences in SBP were evident across DASH quintiles. conclusions The observed associations indicate that the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adherence to DASH-equivalent diet can reduce BP at the population level. Public policy promoting a DASH-style healthy diet could have a significant impact on population health by reducing average BP in the population.
Effect Of Dash Diet On Pre- And Stage-1 Hypertensive Individuals In A Free-living Environment
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009
Background: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) has been shown to successfully reduce systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) when evaluated in clinically controlled environments but there is a lack of information regarding the efficacy of the original DASH diet when it is applied in a free-living environment. Purpose: To provide descriptive data as to the changes in blood pressure individuals could expect to achieve when following the DASH diet in a free-living environment for 4-weeks with no additional behavioral modifications. Methods: Twenty, pre-and stage 1 hypertensive participants were randomly split into 2 groups; DASH (males N = 5, females N = 5, age = 38.5 ± 10.8) and control (males N = 7, females N = 3, age = 38.1 ± 11.1). The DASH group was instructed on how to follow the DASH diet on their own for 4-weeks while the control group continued their normal diet. SBP, DBP, body weight, 3-day food diaries and physical activity recall questionnaire data were collected pre and post intervention using a traditional person-to-person instructional technique. Results: Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there was a significant group (DASH, control) by time (pre, post) interaction for SBP (P = 0.003) and no significant effects for DBP. The interaction was due to a significant reduction (P 0.001) in SBP in the DASH group (pre: 141.3 ± 11.3 mmHg vs. post: 130.7 ± 9.1 mmHg) over the course of the intervention with no change in SBP in the control group (pre: 133.5 ± 6.6 mmHg vs. post: 131.9 ± 8.9 mmHg). Pearson's correlation analyses revealed that changes in potential moderators of blood pressure including body weight, BMI, sodium intake and total kilocalories were each not associated with changes in SBP (r 0.14, P 0.5) or DBP (r 0.10, P 0.6) pre-to post-treatment. Chi-square demonstrated no significant differences in the number of participants per group (n = 4 DASH, n = 1 control) who indicated increasing physical activity during the intervention. Conclusion: DASH diet followed in a free-living environment significantly reduced SBP but not DBP. However, the changes in SBP and DBP were very similar to those noted in controlled clinical feeding evaluations of the DASH diet. Presently, none of the potential moderators of blood pressure that were assessed were independently associated with the observed changes in blood pressure which may be due to our small sample size or the possibility that it is the combined change in multiple factors that lead to reductions in blood pressure when following the DASH diet.
ROLE OF DIET AND LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS IN CONTROLLING HYPERTENSION (ORIGINAL ARTICLE )
Hypertension or high blood pressure can cause serious damage to the arteries and afterwards uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney disease. Diet and nutrition have been extensively investigated as risk factors for major cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and stroke Adequate evidence is available, from studies conducted within and across populations, to link several nutrients, minerals, food groups and dietary patterns with an increased or decreased risk of Hypertension. Dietary fats associated with an increased risk of Hypertension include trans-fats and saturated fats, while polyunsaturated fats are known to be protective. Dietary sodium is associated with elevation of blood pressure, while dietary potassium lowers the risk of hypertension and stroke. Regular frequent intake of fruits and vegetables is protective against hypertension. Composite diets such as DASH diets have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hypertension. Sufficient knowledge regarding the recommendation of nutritional interventions, at both population and individual levels, for reduction of hypertension is now being used to promote healthy diets and discourage unhealthy diets. For its successful implementation in daily life requires coordinated action at all sectors like Government and International organizations, civil society and various sections of the food industry.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2020
We investigated whether high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was independently associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. Participants included 5632 adults, without hypertension at the baseline (2008-2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, who took part in the second follow-up visit (2012-2014). Adherence to the DASH diet was estimated at baseline using a score based on eight food items (final scores from 8 to 40 points) and was categorised as high adherence (≥30 points, or ≥75 %) and low adherence (<75 %; reference). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. The association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of incident hypertension was estimated using Cox regression models adjusted by covariates. In total, 780 new cases of hypertension (13•8 %) were identified in about 3•8-year follow-up. Participants with high adherence to the DASH diet had 26 % lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 0•74; 95 % CI 0•57, 0•95) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, diabetes and family history of hypertension. The HR reduced to 0•81 (95 % CI 0•63, 1•04) and was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for BMI, suggesting that lower body weight explains about 10 % of the association between high adherence to the DASH diet and hypertension risk reduction. The results indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet lowered the risk of hypertension by one-fourth over a relatively short follow-up period.