On-chip multiplexing conversion between wavelength division multiplexing–polarization division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing–mode division multiplexing (original) (raw)
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Polarization-insensitive arrayed-waveguide grating wavelength multiplexer on silicon
Optics Letters, 1992
A wavelength-division multiplexer with no polarization dependence is demonstrated. It is based on an arrayedwaveguide grating fabricated with silica-based optical waveguides on a silicon substrate. The polarization dependence that is due to the birefringence of the waveguide is eliminated by inserting a quartz A/2 plate in the middle of the arrayed waveguide. Moreover the grating is designed to operate in the 11th order for high wavelength resolution. The polarization insensitivity and the high resolution lead to the successful multiplexing of 13 wavelength channels with 1-nm spacing. A passband width of 0.3 nm and a cross-talk level of -30 dB are achieved.
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997
This paper proposes a low-loss technique for eliminating polarization sensitivity in a silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) which uses a polarization mode converter formed at the center of the circuit. This converter consists of a waveguide gap housing a polyimide half waveplate. The excess loss of the converter was drastically reduced to 0.26 dB with a 1 = 0.75% waveguide by employing an 18 m-wide waveguide gap and a 14.5 m-thick polyimide half waveplate. A polarization mode conversion crosstalk of 037 dB was achieved at 1.55 m.
Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, 2017
We propose a polarization insensitive two-mode division (de)multiplexer based on a silicon-on-insulator platform operating with a broadband, low insertion and scattering loss, and small crosstalk. By using an asymmetric directional coupler, twomode (de)multiplexing functions for both polarization TE and TM states can be realized by the numerical simulation. Simulated results using a three dimensional beam propagation method (3D-BPM) incorporated with an effective index method (EIM) show high performance of the device with an operation efficiency above 81.2% (i.e., insertion loss is less than 0.9 dB) in the range of ±5 nm around the central wavelength of 1550 nm. Fabrication tolerances also have proved suitability to current manufacture technologies for the planar waveguides. Besides a low scattering loss of the sidewall roughness and a little influence of dispersion, a small footprint can bring the device to applications of high bitrate and compact on-chip silicon photonic integrated circuits. Keywords-Mode (de)multiplexer, asymmetric directional coupler, silicon on insulator (SOI), beam propagation method (BPM), effective index method (EIM), waveguide.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing Based Photonic Integrated Circuits on Silicon-on-Insulator Platform
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2010
We review recent advances in the development of silicon photonic integrated circuits for high-speed and high-capacity interconnect applications. We present detailed design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon integrated chip based on wavelength division multiplexing. In such a chip, an array of eight highspeed silicon optical modulators is monolithically integrated with a silicon-based demultiplexer and a multiplexer. We demonstrate that each optical channel operates at 25 Gb/s. Our measurements suggest the integrated chip is capable of transmitting data at an aggregate rate of 200 Gb/s. This represents a key milestone on the way for fabricating terabit per second transceiver chips to meet the demand of future terascale computing.
Optics letters, 2015
A silicon mode and polarization-division multiplexing scheme based on a densely packed waveguide array structured as a bus waveguide is introduced. A short adiabatic taper is adopted for (de)multiplexing. Such a structure shows theoretical insertion losses that are <0.05 dB and crosstalk that is <-20 dB over a wide wavelength band for all five supported modes. The structures for (de)multiplexing are fabricated and characterized experimentally. A device, which consists of a multiplexer, a 50-μm-long straight-bus waveguide, and a demultiplexer, exhibits insertion losses that are <0.6 dB and crosstalk that is <-15 dB over an 80 nm wavelength band. The demonstrated (de)multiplexer has a total length of 60 μm, and the bus waveguide has an effective width of 1.58 μm.
Mode-Division Multiplexing for Silicon Photonic Network-on-Chip
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017
Optical interconnect is a potential solution to attain the large bandwidth on-chip communications needed in high performance computers in a low power and low cost manner. Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging technology that scales the capacity of a single wavelength carrier by the number of modes in a multimode waveguide, and is attractive as a cost-effective means for high bandwidth density on-chip communications. Advanced modulation formats with high spectral efficiency in MDM networks can further improve the data rates of the optical link. Here, we demonstrate an intra-chip MDM communications link employing advanced modulation formats with two waveguide modes. We demonstrate a compact single wavelength carrier link that is expected to support 2x100 Gb/s mode multiplexed capacity. The network comprised integrated microring modulators at the transmitter, mode multiplexers, multimode waveguide interconnect, mode demultiplexers and integrated germanium on silicon photodetectors. Each of the mode channels achieves 100 Gb/s line rate with 84 Gb/s net payload data rate at 7% overhead for hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) in the OFDM/16-QAM signal transmission.
Grating coupler serving as polarization beam splitter in silicon-on-insulator platform
We present in this work a one-dimensional grating coupler that serves as polarization splitter to couple the light from a single-mode optical fiber to single-mode integrated silicon waveguides and separate both orthogonal polarization states at the same time. The reported structure has been fabricated using standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology process and exhibits good coupling efficiency around-4 dB for both polarizations and high extinction ratios around 30 dB near the telecommunication wavelength 1550 nm at both outputs. The simulation and measurement results show the coupling and polarization splitting effect in a wide wavelength range and are in good agreement.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2015
Leveraging the spatial modes of multimode waveguides using mode-division multiplexing (MDM) on an integrated photonic chip allows unprecedented scaling of bandwidth density for on-chip communication. Switching channels between waveguides is critical for future scalable optical networks, but its implementation in multimode waveguides must address how to simultaneously control modes with vastly different optical properties. Here we present a platform for switching signals between multimode waveguides based on individually processing the spatial mode channels using single-mode elements. Using this wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) compatible platform, we demonstrate a 1x2 multimode switch for a silicon chip which routes four data channels with low (<-20 dB) crosstalk. We show bit-error rates below 10-9 and power penalties below 1.4 dB on all channels while routing 10 Gbps data when each channel is input and routed separately. The switch exhibits an additional power penalty of less than 2.4 dB when all four channels are simultaneously routed.
Design and fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers on silicon-on-insulator platforms
Optical Engineering, 2007
We report on the design, fabrication, and optical characteristics of arrayed waveguide grating ͑AWG͒ devices on silicon-on-insulator ͑SOI͒ platforms to act as multiplexers in a hybridly integrated wavelength division multiplexing ͑WDM͒ transmitter for telecommunications and datacom applications. In order to achieve efficient coupling to laser diodes, SOI layers with 4-m-thick Si were used to form rib waveguides. The AWG devices comprised eight channels with a channel spacing of 200 GHz around a center wavelength at 1550 nm. AWG integration with variable optical attenuators is demonstrated to add channel equalization ability.