Psychophysiological interactions between caffeine and nicotine (original) (raw)
Related papers
Caffeine's Influence on Nicotine's Effects in Nonsmokers
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2007
Objective-To determine if nicotine's effects are influenced by caffeine in nonsmoking, moderate-caffeine consuming individuals (N=20). Methods-The first 3 sessions included one of 3 randomly ordered, double-blind caffeine doses (0, 75, or 150 mg, oral [po]) and 2 single-blind nicotine gum doses (2 and 4 mg) in ascending order. The fourth session (single blind) repeated the 0 mg caffeine condition. Results-Nicotine increased heart rate and subjective ratings indicative of aversive effects, and decreased reaction times. These effects were independent of caffeine dose and reliable across sessions. Conclusions-In nonsmokers, nicotine effects are not influenced by moderate caffeine doses.
Alteration of the Behavioral Effects of Nicotine by Chronic Caffeine Exposure
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2000
TANDA, G. AND S. R. GOLDBERG. Alteration of the behavioral effects of nicotine by chronic caffeine exposure. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 66 (1)47-64, 2000.-The prevalence of tobacco smoking and coffee drinking place nicotine and caffeine among the most used licit drugs in many societies and their consumption is often characterised by concurrent use. The pharmacological basis for any putative interaction between these drugs remains unclear. Some epidemiological reports support anecdotal evidence, which suggests that smokers consume caffeine to enhance the effects of nicotine. This paper reviews various aspects of the pharmacology of caffeine and nicotine, in humans and experimental animals, important for the understanding of the interactions between these drugs. In particular, recent experiments are reviewed in which chronic exposure to caffeine in the drinking water of rats facilitated acquisition of self-adminstration behavior, enhanced nicotineinduced increases in dopamine levels in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and altered the dopaminergic component of a nicotine discrimination. These studies provide evidence that the rewarding and subjective properties of nicotine can be changed by chronic caffeine exposure and indicate that caffeine exposure may be an important environmental factor in shaping and maintaining tobacco smoking.
Caffeine potentiates the discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotine in rats
Psychopharmacology, 2002
Rationale: Caffeine and nicotine are the main psychoactive ingredients of coffee and tobacco, respectively, with a high frequency of concurrent use in humans. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction of caffeine and nicotine in rats trained to discriminate nicotine from saline. Methods: Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8 per group) were trained to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg nicotine, SC, from saline under a fixed ratio schedule of food presentation. One group of rats was chronically exposed to caffeine (1.0 mg/ml) dissolved in their drinking water whereas the other group was exposed to tap water. Effects of IP injections of caffeine on nicotine-lever selection were subsequently examined. In separate groups of rats exposed to the same caffeine-drinking or waterdrinking regimen, effects of caffeine pretreatment on nicotine plasma levels were evaluated. Results: Although caffeine (1.0-30.0 mg/kg) did not generalize to nicotine when administered alone, it markedly potentiated discriminative-stimulus effects of the threshold dose of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) in both water-and caffeine-drinking rats. Nicotine plasma levels were, however, not affected by acute or chronic caffeine exposure. Conclusions: Caffeine appears to enhance the discriminative-stimulus effects of the threshold dose of nicotine by a pharmacodynamic rather than a pharmacokinetic interaction. This suggests that caffeine consumption may be a contributing factor in the onset, maintenance of and relapse to tobacco dependence.
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 2021
Caffeine and nicotine are the most widely consumed psychostimulants worldwide. Although the effects of each drug alone on the central nervous system have been studied extensively, the literature on the neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of their combined treatments is scarce. The present study investigated the cortical electrophysiological and neurochemical alterations induced by acute administration of caffeine and nicotine in rats. Methods: The rats received caffeine and nicotine at a 1-hour interval between the two treatments. Results: Caffeine and nicotine administration resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cortical amino acid neurotransmitters, namely glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and taurine, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly increased. Increased cortical lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities were also observed. The Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed an increase in delta frequency power band, whereas theta, beta-1, and beta-2 decreased after caffeine and nicotine treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that caffeine and nicotine adversely exacerbate their stimulant effects manifested by the EEG changes mediated by increasing cholinergic transmission and disturbing the balance between the excitatory and inhibitory amino acids leading to oxidative stress.
Effect of coffee on blood pressure and electrocardiographic changes in nicotine users
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2014
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the effect of coffee on Heart rate Blood pressure and ECG changes in nicotine users.Methods: The study was conducted on 120 volunteers aged 21-40 years and with body mass index (BMI) between 17.3-28.0 kg /m2 .The subjects were divided into two groups: Control (n=40) and Study group (n=80).Results: Observation suggests that increment in blood pressure, recorded in study group after coffee ingestion, was lesser than that of control group. We also observed that there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in any group while the mean arterial pressure was higher in both the groups following coffee ingestion.Conclusion: Coffee ingestion decreases the heart rate with no changes in QTc, hence we concluded that less amount of coffee ingestion may not be harmful.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10090Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 46-48
Journal of Caffeine Research, 2012
The objective was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine, alone or in combination, on physiological parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP] and heart rate [HR]) and state-trait anxiety in healthy young volunteers. Method: The procedure reproduces the conditions under which the subjects (n = 76) usually ingest alcohol (through an alcoholic beverage), caffeine (through a cup of coffee), and nicotine (by smoking a cigarette), separately or in combination, according to their consumption habits of each individual. SBP and DBP, HR, and state anxiety (SA) were registered before (phase 1) and after (phase 2) treatment. Results: Intake of alcohol or alcohol-nicotine reduced DBP. Comparisons between control and combined treatment (coffee-alcohol-nicotine) groups revealed a decrease in HR in the former group but not in the latter. The coffee consumers alone exhibited a tendency toward an increase in SA, while the control group showed a tendency toward a decrease in this measure. When Phase 1 and Phase 2 were compared, a decrease was observed in SBP (alcohol and coffee-alcohol groups), DBP (alcohol and alcohol-nicotine groups), HR (all groups, except coffeealcohol and coffee-alcohol-nicotine groups), and SA (coffee-alcohol-nicotine group). Conclusions: (i) A low dose of alcohol, either alone or in combination with a cigarette, decreases DBP but not SBP; (ii) the polyconsumption of coffee, alcohol, and nicotine blocks the adaptation response (the reduction in HR in control subjects in the second phase); (iii) an increase of SA is observed after consuming coffee, while the opposite occurs in control subjects (a decrease of SA).
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 2021
Introduction: Caffeine and nicotine are the most widely consumed psychostimulants worldwide. Although the effects of each drug alone on the central nervous system have been studied extensively, the literature on the neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of their combined treatments is scarce. The present study investigated the cortical electrophysiological and neurochemical alterations induced by acute administration of caffeine and nicotine in rats. Methods: The rats received caffeine and nicotine at a 1-hour interval between the two treatments. Results: Caffeine and nicotine administration resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cortical amino acid neurotransmitters, namely glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and taurine, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly increased. Increased cortical lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were also observed. The Electroencephalog...
A Pilot Study of Some Physiological and Psychological Effects of Caffeine
Eleven volunteers participated in a study to characterize some physiological and psy- chological effects of caffeine in a double-blind, cross-over study. During one week, the subjects were given a caffeine containing beverage, and during a second week, they were given an identically appearing non-caffeine beverage. Data were accumulated based on urine tests and a medical examination. Diary entries revealed typical effects of caffeine such as increased energy, nervousness and restlessness which were observed after the week of caffeine consumption. A medical examination showed increased adrenal function for those subjects who were non-users or occasional users of caffeine beverages. Habitual users of caffeine beverages showed no obvious adrenal effects. Determination of pH, surface tension and viscosity of urine during the two weeks of the study showed evidence that caffeine is an "anabolic" agent according to a theory suggested by Dr. E. Revici.
The impact of caffeine use on tobacco cessation and withdrawal
Addictive Behaviors, 1997
with smoking cessation has been associated with more than doubled caffeine plasma levels. Such concentrations may be sufficient to produce caffeine toxicity symptoms in smoking abstinence conditions. To test whether caffeine abstinence influences smoking cessation, 162 caffeine-using smokers were enlisted from American Lung Association smoking cessation programs. Volunteers were randomly assigned by clinic to caffeine-use and caffeine-abstinence conditions and measured for 3 weeks postsmoking cessation, at 6 months and one year. Results showed a significant linear increase in caffeine sputum levels across 3 weeks post-cessation for those who quit smoking and continued using caffeine. Three weeks after cessation. concentrations reached 203% of baseline for the caffeine user. Typical nicotine withdrawal symptoms occurred during the first 16 days of cessation. The caffeine abstainers, but not continued users of caffeine. reported increased fatigue during the first 3 days of cessation. Among complete caffeine abstainers, compared with caffeine users, there was a significant increase in fatigue, a decrease in stimulation. and a marginal increase in caffeine craving immediately following tobacco cessation. There were no differences between the groups on other withdrawal symptoms or in cessation success at 16 days. 6 months, or 12 months.