Topical superoxide dismutase reduces post-irradiation breast cancer fibrosis (original) (raw)
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Impact of Superoxide Dismutase-Gliadin on Radiation-induced Fibrosis: An Experimental Study
In vivo (Athens, Greece)
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) has since long been considered as irreversible. Further understanding of its mechanisms has led to trials investigating RIF treatment and prevention. The effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-gliadin, an oral form of SOD that resists gastrointestinal inactivation, on RIF treatment was evaluated in this experimental study. A total of 36 Wistar albino mice were randomly distributed into four groups. According to group, 25 Gy radiation or sham-radiation were performed on day 0. Acute and late reactions were recorded. After 6 months, mice were treated with SOD-gliadin, 10,000 units per kg per day, or placebo. SOD-gliadin and placebo treatments were administered daily for 8 days by oral gavage. Later the mice were sacrificed, dissected and histopathologically analyzed. Accumulated hyaline and collagen at the dermis is an indicator of fibrosis. Therefore measurements of the dermal thickness were used to quantify the degree of RIF. Additionally, the morpholo...
Prevention and Treatment of Radiation Induced Skin Damage in Breast Cancer
Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2014
Introduction: Skin toxicity is a frequent side effect of radio and chemo-treatments in patients treated for breast cancer after conservative surgery. The aim of this paper is to report our experience in the management of skin toxicity evaluating radiotherapy planning and using preventive local aids. Materials and Methods: We have observed 300 patients undergoing radiotherapy. All received the prescription of a prophylactic moisturizing cream. Skin toxicity was valuated according to Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria of the RTOG. Moreover, in a subgroup of 100 patients, we correlated the study of breast volume and features of treatment plans, with the addition of topic prophylactic treatment, using an oral therapy based on Resveratrol, Lycopene, Vitamin C and Anthocyanins (Ixor ® ). In another subgroup, 100 patients were subjected to corneometry assessing numerically skin hydration before, during and after radiotherapy. Results: In all patients, we related skin toxicity and the type of cream used. All patients completed the radiotherapy treatment, and G4 cutaneous toxicity was not observed in any of them. In patients treated with topic treatment and therapy based on Resveratrol, Lycopene, Vitamin C and Anthocyanins (Ixor ® ), the protective effect of (Ixor ® ) is more detected in patients with PTV (Planning Target Volume) <500 ml, when Dmax reaches values lower or equal to 107%, but not exceeding 110% of the prescribed dose, and in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and taxanes. The values of corneometry allow us to evaluate the moisturizing effect for products used, and identify cases of skin toxicity in a first phase. Conclusions: Our study confirms the value of moisturizers in the prevention and resolution of radiotherapy-induced skin damage. An instrumental assessment of skin hydration with corneometry can help the radiation oncologist to use strategies that prevent the onset of toxicity of high degree.
Amelioration of Radiation-induced Fibrosis
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004
Radiation-induced fibrosis is an untoward effect of high dose therapeutic and inadvertent exposure to ionizing radiation. Transforming growth factor- (TGF-) has been proposed to be critical in tissue repair mechanisms resulting from radiation injury. Previously, we showed that interruption of TGF- signaling by deletion of Smad3 results in resistance to radiation-induced injury. In the current study, a small molecular weight molecule, halofuginone (100 nM), is demonstrated by reporter assays to inhibit the TGF- signaling pathway, by Northern blotting to elevate inhibitory Smad7 expression within 15 min, and by Western blotting to inhibit formation of phospho-Smad2 and phospho-Smad3 and to decrease cytosolic and membrane TGF- type II receptor (TRII). Attenuation of TRII levels was noted as early as 1 h and down-regulation persisted for 24 h. Halofuginone blocked TGF--induced delocalization of tight junction ZO-1, a marker of epidermal mesenchymal transition, in NMuMg mammary epithelial cells and suggest halofuginone may have in vivo anti-fibrogenesis characteristics. After documenting the in vitro cellular effects, halofuginone (intraperitoneum injection of 1, 2.5, or 5 g/mouse/day) efficacy was assessed using ionizing radiation-induced (single dose, 35 or 45 Gy) hind leg contraction in C3H/Hen mice. Halofuginone treatment alone exerted no toxicity but significantly lessened radiation-induced fibrosis. The effectiveness of radiation treatment (2 gray/day for 5 days) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors grown in C3H/Hen was not affected by halofuginone. The results detail the molecular effects of halofuginone on the TGF- signal pathway and show that halofuginone may lessen radiation-induced fibrosis in humans.
European journal of dermatology : EJD
Our aim was to assess the efficacy of MAS065D, a non-steroidal water-in-oil cream, in preventing and limiting skin reactions caused by radiation therapy (RT). 40 women treated with conservative breast cancer surgery followed by radiotherapy, were randomised to receive MAS065D (22 pts) or vehicle (18 pts). Radiotherapy was delivered in 20 fractions: 2.25 Gy to the whole breast plus a concomitant boost of 0.25 Gy to the tumour bed up to a total dose of 50 Gy. Evaluations of skin toxicity, erythema, and subjective symptoms were carried out weekly and 3 weeks after treatment completion. A statistically significant difference between vehicle and MAS065D groups was recorded regarding the maximum severity of skin toxicity (p < 0.0001), burning within the radiation field (p = 0.039) and desquamation (p = 0.02), in favour of the latter. We conclude that MAS065D may be considered a safe and effective treatment in the prevention and minimization of skin reactions and associated symptoms.
Skin Reaction in Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2014
Introduction The first medical intervention for many breast cancer patients is breast conserving surgery (BCS) and/or modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Most of these patients undergo radiation therapy, following surgery. The most common side-effect of breast radiotherapy is skin damage. In the present study, the severity of acute skin changes and the underlying causes were investigated in patients undergoing BCS and radiotherapy. Materials and Methods This prospective, cohort study was performed on 31 female patients, undergoing breast surgery therapy at Shahid Rajaie Babolsar Radiotherapy Center from September 2011 to July 2012. A questionnaire was designed, including the patient’s characteristics, details of radiotherapy technique, and skin damage; the questionnaire was completed for each patient. The obtained results were analysed by performing ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests. Complications were graded using the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) scale. Results Grade 0 o...
Acta Oncologica, 2007
A non-blinded three armed study of the effect of Aloe vera, Essex and no lotion on erythema was performed. The erythema is an effect of radiotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients. The study required testing of objective methods for measuring the erythema. The chosen experimental methods were Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Laser Doppler Imaging and Digital Colour Photography. The experimental setup was made in such a way that in parallel with testing the effect of the lotions there was also a test of the sensitivity of the instruments. Fifty women were selected consecutively to participate in the study. They were all subjected to treatment with high-energy electrons (9-20 MeV) after mastectomy, 2Gy/day to a total dose of 50 Gy. Measurements were performed before the start of radiotherapy and thereafter once a week during the course of treatment. Aloe vera and Essex lotion were applied twice every radiation day in selected sites. The increase in skin redness could be monitored with all techniques with a detection limit of 8 Gy for Digital Colour Photography and Near Infrared Spectroscopy and 18 Gy for Laser Doppler Imaging. In clinical practice our recommendation is to use Digital Colour Photography. No significant median differences were observed between the pairs no lotion-Essex, no lotion-Aloe vera and Essex-Aloe vera for any of the techniques tested.
2010
Objectives Radiotherapy may cause severe skin changes that significantly interfere with the patient's quality of life and reduce radiotherapy effectiveness. Many skin care instructions and various topical agents are recommended to help patients in the management of radiation skin reactions, but evidence to support the value of the topical treatments of the irradiated skin is lacking. In the present study we investigated the effects of topical agents used as supportive care to minimise radiation-induced skin disease using an instrumental method. Methods Subjects who were undergoing a planned course of radiation therapy after breastconserving surgery were randomised to treatment (using one of two topical agents) or nontreatment (control) groups and monitored over 8 weeks. The intensity of skin erythema was evaluated once per week by non-invasive instrumental reflectance spectrophotometry in comparison with a visual scoring system. Key findings Examination of the erythema time course by a sensitive spectrophotometric reflectance method showed a significant increase of skin reactions in the non-treated group after the second week of treatment and maximal alterations between the fourth and sixth week. Conclusions From the results obtained, we observed that application of topical agents used in radio-induced skin disease were able to significantly reduce the erythema extent compared to the non-treated group.