Factors affecting the vaccination coverage of children under five years in central India (original) (raw)
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A Cross Sectional Study on Vaccination Coverage of Children in the Urban Slums of Bangalore
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Background: Despite their public health benefit, vaccination pro- grams face obstacles. The objectives of the study were to determine the vaccination coverage among the children in urban slums in Bangalore and to determine the factors associated with partial immunization. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 210 children aged between 12-23 months in urban slums of Bangalore from June 2015 to May 2016 using 30-cluster survey method. Information regarding immunization status, socio demographic and personal details was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaire after obtaining the consent. Data was entered in MS EXCEL and was analyzed, using percentages and chi square test. Results: Among 210 children, Male children constituted 53.8%. Full immunization coverage was 83.3% and Partial immunization coverage was 16.7%. The relation between socio demographic variables like religion, type of family, total number of children in fam- ily, birth order, place of delivery, father's and mother's educational status, socioeconomic status and immunization status was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Illiterate father, illiterate mother, low socio economic status, no exclusive breast feeding and non availability of immunization card were determinants of partial immunization.
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2007
CONTEXT: To find out the suitable factors for raising the coverage of immunization. AIMS: To determine the coverage and to identify the various factors of primary immunization. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Urban slums of Lucknow district. METHODS AND MATERIAL: WHO 30-cluster sampling technique was used for the selection of the subjects. Mother, father or relative of a total of 510 children with 17 children per cluster were interviewed in the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test, binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis were done to test the statistical significance of the association. RESULTS: About 44% of the children studied were fully immunized. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that an illiterate mother (OR=4.0), Muslim religion (OR=2.5), scheduled caste or tribes (OR=2.3) and higher birth order (OR≈2) were significant independent predictors of the partial immunized status of the child; while those associated with the unimmunized status of the child were low socioeconomic status (OR=10.8), Muslim religion (OR=4.3), higher birth order (OR=4.3), home delivery (OR=3.6) and belonging to a joint family (OR=2.1). CONCLUSIONS: The status of complete immunization is about half of what was proposed to be achieved under the Universal Immunization Program. This emphasizes the imperative need for urgent intervention to address the issues of both dropout and lack of access, which are mainly responsible for partial immunization and nonimmunization respectively.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017
Background: Immunization coverage is better in urban than rural areas. However, we anticipate and argue that within the urban areas disparities and inequities persist in immunization coverage and that the socioeconomically disadvantaged, particularly those who reside in slum areas are more vulnerable and may contribute to the lower uptake of immunization. The objectives of the study were to assess the under-five immunization coverage amongst the households in slums of Mangalore taluk and to identify determinants of full immunization uptake among under 5 in the slums population and to know the reasons for non-immunization or partial immunization of children.Methods: Community Based Cross sectional study was conducted in the notified slum areas of Mangalore during August-November 2015. Information was collected from the parents regarding vaccination of their children and sociodemographic variables using a semi-structured interview schedule.Results: 88 (57.7%) of under 5 children were ...
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2017
Background: Immunization is one of the most cost effective methods of preventing childhood diseases and needs to be sustained with higher coverage for desired benefits. Objective of the study was to assess immunization coverage in children of 24-35 months of age group in urban slums of Ahmedabad city, India.Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, a cross sectional community based study was conducted in urban slum area (Vadaj area) of Ahmedabad city during July-November 2014. All 214 children of 24-35 months age group of the area were included after taking verbal informed consent of their parents or guardians. Vaccination status of the children was verified using the Immunization card. In conditions where the Immunization card was not available, the mother/parents were asked about the site of vaccinations to confirm the vaccines being given. Analysis of study was done by using appropriate statistical software. Results: Total 936 households were surveyed. There were 214 children...
Preventive medicine, 2018
Almost, one third of the world's urban population resides in slums and the number would double by 2030. Slums denotes collection of people from various communities having a meagre income and living in unhygienic conditions thus making themselves most vulnerable for outbreaks of communicable diseases. India contributes substantially to the global disease burden and under-five mortality rates i.e. 20% attributable to vaccine preventable diseases. Immunization plays a crucial role in combating high childhood mortality rates attributable to vaccine preventable diseases across the globe. This systematic review, provides insights on immunization status in slums, identifies various factors influencing it thus, exploring opportunities that may be available to improve vaccination coverage under the National Immunization Program. Taking into account the above aspects, a review of literature was undertaken in various databases that included studies published between 2006 and 2017. In India...
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2016
Background: Developing countries like India are presently developing new strategies to increase immunization coverage and reach more children with quality vaccine. Children in urban slums have high vulnerability to illnesses as outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases are more common in these communities, owing to high population density and migratory population. Objective: To assess the immunization coverage and various sociodemographic factors affecting the same in urban slums of Lucknow. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in slums of Lucknow city from August 2014 to July 2015. A total 327 children in age group 9 months to 2 years were enrolled in the study and their mothers (or primary caregivers) were interviewed through house-to-house survey with the help of a predesigned, pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Results: About one-fourth (24.1%) of the children were completely immunized and 32.4% were partially immunized, while 43.4% were unimmunized. Significant association was found between mother's occupation (p = 0.000), mother's educational status (p = 0.013), and father's educational status (p = 0.023) with immunization status of children. Conclusion: In this study, overall coverage of immunization was suboptimal in slums. So, there is an urgent need to review the current strategies of immunization with special focus in urban slums.
Childhood Immunization Coverage in Urban Slums of Bahawalpur City
OBJECTIVE:The main objective of the study was to assess the immunization coverage in children 12-23 months of age in urban slums of Bahawalpur City. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in slum areas of Bahawalpur City from July 2014 to December 2014 to assess the vaccination coverage of children less than 12-23 months of age after ethical approval of Institutional review board. Sample size calculated for the survey at 95% level of confidence, 5% margin of error and anticipated population proportion of 71.9% 6 was 306. A multistage sampling technique was used for the survey. At first stage one slum area out of total 11 was selected by simple random method was Tibba Badar Sher and in second stage the households within area were selected by systematic random sampling technique. A preformed questionnaire (translated in local language) used to collect the data comprised of two parts. First part consists of socio-demographic variables of parents and second part ...
Result: 93.3% children were having immunization card. Most common place of immunization was mamta session (93.6%), 3.9% at private hospital, 2.5% at government hospital.66.7% children were fully immunized, 30.5% partially immunized 2.9% were unimmunized. Maternal education, socioeconomic status and birth order were found to be determinant of low immunization status. Highest coverage was found for BCG (96.67%) and lowest for measles (71.4%).Most common reason for partial/un immunization was lack of information.