Influence of the combination of infrared and red laser light on the healing of cutaneous wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus (original) (raw)
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Lasers in Medical Science, 2013
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of four different laser wavelengths (660, 810, 980, and 1,064 nm) used for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of mucositis in an animal model of wound healing by investigating the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and blood-derived fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats with a weight of 250-300 g body mass and 5 months old were used in the study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the first day and 65 mg/kg of 5-FU on the third day. The tip of an 18-gauge needle was used in order to develop a superficial scratching on the left cheek pouch mucosa by dragging twice in a linear movement on third and fifth days. After ulcerative mucositis were clinically detected on the animals' left cheek pouch mucosa, the laser therapy was started. Four different laser wavelengths (660 nm, HELBO, Bredent; 810 nm, Fotona XD, Fotona; 980 nm, ARC Fox; and 1,064 nm, Fidelis Plus 3, Fotona) used for LLLT at ED 8 J/cm 2 daily from the first to the fourth days. Oval excisional biopsy was taken from the site of the wound, and the expression of PDGF, TGF-β, and bFGF was evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed by one2-way ANOVA, and then Tukey HSD tests were used for pairwise comparisons among groups (α=0.05). The one-way ANOVA test indicated that expression values of the growth factors, PDGF and bFGF, were significantly affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p<0.001). However, expression value of the TGF-β was not affected by irradiation of different wavelengths of lasers (p>0.05). The highest PDGF expression was detected in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser group (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). The highest bFGF expression was detected in 980-nm diode and Nd:YAG laser groups (p<0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest that low-level Nd:YAG and 980-nm diode laser therapy accelerate the wound healing process by changing the expression of PDGF and bFGF genes responsible for the stimulation of the cell proliferation and fibroblast growth.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2009
Aim: We evaluated histologically the differences in the healing of cutaneous wounds on nourished or undernourished rats following laser phototherapy (LPT) (20 or 40 J=cm 2). Background: Wound healing occurs due to a competitive mechanism between the synthesis and lysis of collagen. Any factor that increases the lysis or reduces the synthesis of collagen may change the healing process. Nutritional deficiencies have a great effect on wound healing. Methods: Fifty nourished or undernourished Wistar rats had one standardized wound created on the dorsum and were divided into 10 subgroups: Control (standard diet); Control [Northeastern Brazilian basic diet (DBR)]; Standard diet þ LPT (l635 nm; spatial average energy fluence (SAEF) 20 J=cm 2); Standard diet þ LPT (l635 nm; SAEF 40 J=cm 2); Standard diet þ LPT (l780 nm; SAEF 20 J=cm 2); Standard diet þ LPT (l780 nm; SAEF 40 J=cm 2); DBR þ LPT (l635 nm; SAEF 20 J=cm 2); DBR þ LPT (l635 nm; SAEF 40 J=cm 2); DBR þ LPT (l780 nm; SAEF 20 J=cm 2); DBR þ LPT (l780 nm; SAEF 40 J=cm 2). The first application of the treatment was carried out immediately and repeated daily for seven days. The specimens were routinely processed to wax, cut, stained with H&E and Sirius Red stains, and analyzed using light microscopy. The analyses included re-epithelization, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibroblastic proliferation. Sirius Red stained slides were used to perform descriptive analyses of the collagen fibers. Results: The results showed that LPT with l635 wavelength was more effective for the treatment of undernourished subjects, treated with either LPT with l730 nm with SAEF of 20 J=cm 2 or l780 nm with SAEF of 40 J=cm 2. Conclusion: Nutritional status influenced the progression of the healing process as well as the quality of the healed tissue. In addition, the use of both wavelengths resulted in a positive biomodulatory effect on both nourished and undernourished subjects.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2004
Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to assess the histological effects of different wavelengths and intensities on the healing process of cutaneous wounds. Background Data: Tissue repair is a dynamic interactive process which involves mediators, cells and extra-cellular matrix. Several reports on the use of laser therapy have shown that the healing process is positively affected when the correct parameters are used. Methods: Eighteen standardized wounds were surgically created on the dorsum of male and female Wistar rats, which were subsequently divided into two experimental groups according to wavelength used .670 or 685 nm) for lasertherapy (LLLT). Each group was divided into three subgroups of three animals according to the intensity of the applied irradiation (2, 15, or 25 mW). Twelve animals were used as untreated controls and were not irradiated. The irradiation was carried out during seven consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed eight days after surgery. The specimens were removed, kept in 4% formaldehyde for 24 h, routinely prepared to wax, stained with H&E, and analyzed under light microscopy. Results: For both groups, light microscopy showed a substitution repair process; however, when LLLT was used, a positive biomodulatory effect was detectable, chiefly associated with shorter wavelength and low intensity. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that LLLT improved cutaneous wound repair and that the effect is a result of an inversely proportional relationship between wavelength and intensity, with treatment more effective when combining higher intensity with short wavelength or lower intensity with higher wavelength. 513 518
Analysis of the Systemic Effect of Red and Infrared Laser Therapy on Wound Repair
… and Laser Surgery, 2009
Objective: To evaluate, using histological analysis, the systemic action and repair process of wounds produced on the back of rats and treated with red, infrared, or both lasers applied directly or indirectly to the wounds. Background Data: Skin tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve a series of dynamic events. Many benefits are associated with biomodulation uisng laser therapy. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (without laser), red laser (aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP); λ = 685 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 30 mW; D = 20 J, time of irradiation = 667 sec), infrared laser (gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs): λ = 830 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 50 mW; D = 20 J, time of irradiation = 401 sec), and both lasers (infrared laser: GaAlAs; λ = 830 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 50 mW; D = 10 J, time of irradiation = 201 sec + red laser: AlGaInP; λ = 685 nm; λ = 0.0314 cm 2 ; CW; P = 30 mW; D = 10 J, time of irradiation = 334 sec; total dose = 20 J). Three subgroups were formed according to observation time points. Three wounds were produced on the back of each animal. Only the wound closest to the head was irradiated in the experimental groups. For the evaluation of skin reaction and wound healing, three animals of each group were killed at 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively. The irradiation protocol established 48-hour intervals between applications, with the first application immediately after the surgical procedure. Results: In the red and infrared laser group, healing was more advanced in the wound located furthest from the point of laser application. The most effective healing of a proximal wound was verified in the control group on the 7th postoperative day. Conclusion: The combined application of red and infrared lasers resulted in the most evident systemic effect on the repair of skin wounds produced in rats.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2005
Objective: This study aimed to describe, through morphologic and cytochemical analysis, the healing process of wounds submitted (or not) to laser therapy (λ685 nm) or polarized light (λ400-2000 nm). Background Data: There are many reports on different effects of several types of phototherapies on the treatment of distinct conditions, amongst them, on wound healing. Laser therapy and the use of polarized light are still controversial despite successive reports on their positive effects on several biological processes. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, approximately 4 months old, were used, and standardized excisional wounds were created on their dorsum. The wounds were irradiated in four equidistant points with laser light or illuminated with polarized light, both with doses of 20 or 40 J/cm2. Group 1 acted as untreated controls. Animals were irradiated every 48 h during 7 days, starting immediately after surgery, and were humanely killed on the 8th post-operative day. Specimens were taken and routinely processed and stained with H&E, and for descriptive analysis of myofibroblasts and collagen fibers, the specimens were imunnomarked by smooth muscle α-actin and picrosirius stain. Results: Control specimens showed the presence of ulceration, hyperemia, discrete edema, intense, and diffuse inflammation, collagen deposition was irregular, and myofibroblasts were seen parallel to the wound margins. Wounds treated by laser therapy with a dose of 20 J/cm2 showed mild hyperemia, inflammation varied from moderate to intense, the number of fibroblasts was large, and the distribution of collagen fibers was more regular. Increasing the dose to 40 J/cm2 evidenced exuberant neovascularization, severe hyperemia, moderate to severe inflammation, large collagen deposition, and fewer myofibroblasts. On subjects illuminated with polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2, mild to moderate hyperemia was detectable, and collagen matrix was expressive and unevenly distributed; a larger number of myofibroblasts was present and no re-epithelialization was seen. Increasing the dose resulted in mild to moderate hyperemia, no reepithelialization was seen, edema was discrete, and inflammation was moderate. Conclusion: The use of 685-nm laser light or polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2 resulted in increased collagen deposition and better organization on healing wounds, and the number of myofibroblast was increased when polarized light is used.
Effect of Laser Photostimulation on the Healing of Third-Degree Burn wounds in Rats
Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, 2014
Background: Burns are one of the most common injuries in the world, most importantly during the wars, and the patients usually experience high levels of pain. Complications include both physical and psychological aspects as well as aesthetic concerns. Management comprises special strategies via specific treatment protocols. Treatment stages include: rescue and control of breathing rhythm, hemorrhage management, fracture closure, particle removal, infection control and control of body temperature. It has been suggested that laser therapy with low level energy could have a positive effect on wound healing process. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different wavelengths of Ga-As laser with blue (405 nm) and green (532 nm) wavelengths on the healing of third-degree burn wounds in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 male Wistar rats (8-weekold, weighting 250-300 g) were divided into three groups of equal numbers. All animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injections. Dorsal hairs were shaved and third-degree skin burns were created on the back of the animals by using a copper stamp. The stamp was warmed up first to 95˚C via a heater. Afterwards, the animals were randomly divided into the blue and green laser and control groups. The length and width of each wound were measured by a caliper and the area of the lesion was calculated on the first, third, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, seventeenth, and twenty-first days of the study. Six samples were taken from each group for pathobiological analysis. Results: A mild anti-inflammatory effect of blue laser was observed during acute phase, which could possibly accelerate wound healing during the first week of repair. Results of our study showed that using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with green and blue wavelengths may accelerate the wound healing process as compared with the control group. Conclusions: The laser groups have a more rapid rate of wound contraction than the control group during the healing process of burns; however, the effect of LLLT on burn wound healing was neither statistically nor histologically significant. More studies should be performed to investigate other treatment protocols and prescriptions of soft laser to clarify its role in the treatment of wounds and burn injuries.
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 2013
BACKGROUND: Laser therapy is a low cost, non-invasive procedure with good healing results. Doubts exist as to whether laser therapy action on microorganisms can justify research aimed at investigating its possible effects on bacteria-infected wounds. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of low intensity laser on the rate of bacterial contamination in infected wounds in the skin of rats. METHODS: An experimental study using 56 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into eight groups of seven each. Those in the "infected" groups were infected by Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in the dorsal region. Red laser diode (AlGaInP) 658nm, 5J/cm 2 was used to treat the animals in the "treated" groups in scan for 3 consecutive days. Samples were drawn before inoculating bacteria and following laser treatment. For statistical analysis we used the nonparametric Wilcoxon (paired data) method with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of median values showed that the groups submitted to laser treatment had low bacterial proliferation. CONCLUSION: The laser (AlGaInP), with a dose of 5J/cm 2 in both intact skin and in wounds of rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, is shown to reduce bacterial proliferation.
Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2007
Objective: This study aimed to establish if broad-spectrum or infrared (IR) light in combination with laser therapy can assist phototherapy and accelerate cell proliferation to improve the rate of wound healing. Background Data: The effect of laser light may be partly or completely reduced by broad-spectrum light. There are few studies that investigate the benefit or detriment of combining laser irradiation with broad-spectrum or IR light. Methods: Wounded human skin fibroblasts were irradiated with a dose of 5 J/cm 2 using a heliumneon laser, a diode laser, or a Nd:YAG laser in the dark, in the light, or in IR. Changes in cell proliferation were evaluated using optical density at 540 nm, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, cytokine expression, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression. Results: The optical density and ALP enzyme activity indicate that 5 J/cm 2 using 1064 nm in the light is more effective in increasing cell proliferation or cell growth than 830 nm in the light, but not as effective as 632.8 nm in the light. bFGF expression shows that the response of wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in IR light is far less than the biological response of wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in the dark or light. The results indicate that wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 using 632.8 nm in the dark results in a greater increase in IL-6 when compared to cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 in the light or in IR. Conclusion: Results indicate that 5 J/cm 2 (using 632.8 nm in the dark or 830 nm in the light) is the most effective dose to stimulate cell proliferation, which may ultimately accelerate or improve the rate of wound healing.
Efficacy of three different laser wavelengths for in vitro wound healing
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 2008
Background and objective: Despite contradictory reports on the effect of laser light on cell proliferation, studies have shown that appropriate doses and wavelengths of laser light are therapeutically beneficial in tissue repair and pain control. This study aimed to establish if the dose and/or wavelength influenced the biological responses of irradiated in vitro fibroblasts-1 h after laser irradiation. Materials and methods: This study aimed to establish cellular responses of normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts to helium-neon (632.8 nm), diode (830 nm) and Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation using one exposure of 5 or 16 J/cm 2 on day 1 and again on day 4. Results: Wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm 2 using 632.8 nm showed an increase in cell migration and haptotaxis, a stable increase in the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a decrease in caspase 3/7 activity, an increase in ATP viability and an increase in cell proliferation-1 h after the final exposure. The results confirm that changes in parameters such as ATP viability, cytokine expression (IL-6), cell proliferation (alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity) and DNA damage can be observed directly after the laser irradiation. The amount of DNA damage and cytotoxicity may be related to duration of the laser irradiation, which is dependent on the power density (mW/cm 2) of each laser. Conclusion: The results indicate that 5 J/cm 2 using 632.8 nm results in a stimulatory effect that is more effective than 830 and 1064 nm. The results suggest possible mechanisms by which the wavelength may potentially influence the cellular responses of wounded cells.
Effects of low intensity laser in in vitro bacterial culture and in vivo infected wounds
Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, 2014
Effects of low intensity laser in in vitro bacterial culture and in vivo infected wounds 49 Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. 2014; 41(1): 049-055 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective: to compare the effects of low intensity laser therapy on in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo in infected wounds, and to analyze the effectiveness of the AsGa Laser technology in in vivo wound infections. Methods