EROSION RATE OF STAINLESS STEEL DUE TO THE IMPACT OF SOLID PARTICLES (original) (raw)
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Methodology development of the materials erosion tests
2019
The research paper describes a centrifugal stand and a methodology of materials testing for erosive wear in a simulative medium, which contains water, abrasive particles, and corrosive-active elements, which are analogous to the formation fluid of oil wells. There are test results in water with abrasive of four types powder materials based on iron and copper, alloyed with N1, Cr, Mo. The experiment parameters: the fluid jet speed is 11…16 m·s-1 , the impact angle is 45°…90°, silica sand and corundum particles of different dispersion F100, F40, F24. A linear dependence of the relative wear rate on the experiment time at various impact was revealed. The wear of powder materials in liquid with corundum F100 is approximately 5 times more than with similar fraction silica. The material PK90N4MG2KD15 has the greatest erosion wear resistance under the influence of F100 fine particles. 1. Introduction Erosion-corrosive damage of details is often found in oil production equipment, pulp pipe, mine pumps, hydraulic turbines, and other types of machine-building installations, which leads to great economic losses in case of their failure and repair. In submersible multistage centrifugal pumps for oil producing, erosion is manifested in the form of "washouts" of the flow-through part of the pump stages and components of gas separators (figure 1). Powder materials are widely used in the pump stage manufacturing. However, their erosion resistance is not regulated by the design and technological documentation, and there are no methodologies of the corresponding tests. The research papers of many authors have been devoted to the erosion processes study. A fundamental review of the methods and design models is given in the article [1]. Erosive wear models of plastic and brittle materials were described in the research papers [2-4]. In research paper [5], mechanistic models were considered for predicting the erosive wear of pipelines and it is based on computational fluid dynamics. On the basis of physical models, stands have been created to determine the wear resistance of materials, to experimentally estimate the rate of erosion, and to study the influence of various factors on it.
IRJET, 2022
In the present work, the erosion behaviour of ductile metals namely aluminium, brass, and stainless steel is investigated. Experiments using a jet impingement tester (JIT) are conducted to obtain the material loss of the target surface due to solid particle impact. The experiments are conducted at different impact velocities (40-70 m/s) and the particle's impact angles (30° to 90°). The results show that the increase in particle impact velocity increases the erosion rate of the materials. The power law exponent of the velocity for brass, steel, and aluminium is obtained as 1.94,1.7, and 1.67 respectively. Further, the material's erosion rate varies with the change in the particle impact angle. The maximum erosion for all the materials is obtained at an impact angle of 60° degree in the present test conditions. The present work provides useful experimental data for calibrating the available semi-empirical erosion wear models for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based erosive wear analysis of the industrial systems.
An integrated methodology for predicting material wear rates due to erosion
Wear, 2009
Erosion-corrosion damage within pipelines and associated fluid handling equipment is prevalent in the oil and gas sector and other process industries where solid-laden flows, such as those involved in the processing of oil sands are found. As a first step towards trying to understand the interactions between erosion and corrosion it is important to understand the erosion damage that occurs as a result of solid particle impact on a surface (usually metal). This paper addresses this in relation to transport of fluids in the oil-sands industry. A method for predicting erosion damage has been developed, using a combination of standard laboratory based experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. This paper provides validation of such an approach: (i) a universal wear map is generated for the material in question using a jet impingement test (JIT) to generate a wear scar. The local wear rate from this is interpreted using a CFD simulation of the test to generate a map giving local wear as a function of particle impact velocity and angle; (ii) a CFD solution is calculated for a series of different erosion configurations giving the particle impact data at each point on the surface. The wear map from the first stage is then used to give the local wear rate. The power of this method is that once a material-specific map has been generated then wear on any geometry can be calculated through the simulation of flow using CFD.
EROSION BEHAVIOUR OF STAINLESS STEEL
IRJET, 2022
In current year’s big development has been made each in gaining a fundamental perception of the giant parameters of put on and in making use of a substances methodology to mitigate the troubles of wear. While this mission work will solely tackle strong particle erosion, it is properly to hold in thought that different put on processes, e.g., abrasive put on and oxidative wear, contain many comparable traits and possibly mechanisms. Progress in grasp any one of these techniques can also be relevant to others, and to the improvement of greater put on resistant substances and systems. Testing on ferrous and non-ferrous substances has been broadly carried out to find out about their erosion resistance. Venkataraman & Sundararajan [1] carried out a learn about about the stable particle erosion of copper at a vary of low have an effect on velocities. In this unique case, the eroded floor used to be absolutely blanketed with the erosion particles in the structure of flakes or platelets. These flakes regarded to be definitely separated or fractured from the cloth floor and have been flattened via subsequent impacts. For this reason, it used to be concluded that at low affect velocities the erosion harm was once characterized on the whole via lip or platelet fracture whereas it used to be distinctive with lip formation (rather than its subsequent fracture) at greater affect velocities. In this undertaking erosion conduct of the stainless metal is evaluated via exposing the metal substrate to erodent at predefined pace and pressure. Effect of have an effect on perspective and erodent speed on erosion resistance of the metal substrate is studied with the assist of strong particle erosion setup.
Modeling solid-particle erosion of ductile alloys
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1999
A model for solid-particle erosion behavior of ductile alloys is presented. The model incorporates the mechanical properties of the alloys at the deformation conditions associated with solid-particle erosion processes (i.e., temperature and strain-rate conditions), as well as the evolution of these properties during the erosion-induced deformations. An erosion parameter was formulated based on consideration of the energy loss during erosion and incorporates the material's hardness, along with the high-strain-rate stress-strain response of the alloy. This erosion parameter shows a good correlation to experimentally measured erosion rates for a variety of industrially important materials. A methodology is presented to determine the proper mechanical properties to incorporate into the erosion parameter based on a physical model of the erosion mechanism in ductile materials. material hardness and c is the critical strain to fracture.
Evaluating the Effect of Hardness on Erosion Characteristics of Aluminum and Steels
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2014
In this paper, the erosion behavior of commonly used stainless steels (AISI 310S, AISI 316), carbon steel (AISI 1020), and Aluminum 6060 were experimentally investigated. The effect of hardness on erosion rates and on the morphologies of eroded surfaces has been evaluated. The experiments were carried out using an air jet erosion tester and utilizing angular alumina as erodent with 50 lm particle size. The samples were tested at six different impact angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) using three different impact velocities (30, 60, and 100 m/s). The eroded surfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the evaluation of material degradation. The erosion rates were found to increase with the increase of the alloy bulk hardness and Aluminum 6060 showed maximum erosion resistance. For all specimens, the erosion rates were found to increase with the increase of impact velocity and the maximum erosion rate was found to occur between 15°and 30°impact angles. The obtained results were found to correlate very well with Oka et al. (Wear, 259:95-101, 2005) erosion model.
Analyze erosion of Mild Steel material on jet erosion tester for slurry transportation system. In this work Mild Steel material will be experimentally investigated under varying velocity of jet, position of angle with respect to constant time duration using jet type erosion wear tester. The wear damage will estimate by means of weight loss techniques. In many application like, techniques of mining, food processing, power generation and other sectors erosion problem is serious in transportation of slurry. Erosion is a critical parameter for design, selection and operation of the hydraulic transportation system. Engineering interest is to estimate the service life of equipment subjected to slurry erosion & to investigate their efficiency. We will select different material used in pipes & pumps and will check it on jet erosion tester and will analyses it on software, results will be compared with theoretical results.
Finite Element Modelling of Erosion Parameters in Boiler Components
Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology, 2018
Erosion wear of boiler components in power plant industry is a critical factor in predicting the life and durability of such components. In the aggressive environment, failure of components is accelerated by erosion wear. Various erosion resistant coatings have been developed in the recent past to improve the life of such components subjected to erosive wear. Among the various types of coatings, the development of WC-Co ceramic coatings for the protection against erosion wear require understanding of their complex failure mechanisms occurring during solid particle impact. Many experimental works have been done to find the effect of different parameters on the erosion wear of the WC-Co coatings however such data is insufficient as newer composition and processing methods are being developed every day. Further, experimentation requires a lot of human effort, machine hours, sophisticated equipment and is time consuming. The simulation of the erosion process parameters in available fini...
Wear, 2019
Wrought superalloy materials have been extensively used to manufacture hot-end components of small-scaled aero-engines. During takeoff and flying at low altitude, airplane components such as turbine disks are subjected to ultrahigh speed erosion by low-flux, small-grained sand particles, which renders their service life shorter than the expected design life. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the damage mechanism of wrought superalloys subjected to solid-particle erosion. In the present study, we have manufactured three types of wrought superalloys by using a dual process combining vacuum induction and electro-slag remelting, followed by solution aging treatments. The fabricated alloys are designated as GH720Li, GH4738, and GH4169. Solid-particle erosion tests are performed using 700 µm silica sand particles, at impact angles between 30°and 90°and particle velocities of 25 and 55 m/s. Simultaneously, using the experimental parameters, a multi-particle dynamic model of erosive wear is established using the ANSYS LS-DYNA software. To analyze the elastoplastic behaviors of the target surfaces under the combined effect of impact particles velocities and angles, the damage mechanism of multiple particles simultaneously impacting on the surface of target materials is developed using a non-linear material model. Additionally, the microstructures and microhardness of the alloys are analyzed to study the erosionrelated properties of the eroded subsurface after erosion tests. The erosion results show that the three alloys exhibit different degree of wear removal under the joint effect of the impact velocity and angle, including high velocity/low angle, high velocity/high angle, low velocity/high angle, and low velocity/low angle conditions. Analysis of the erosion-related properties indicates that the microstructural changes and variation in the microhardness of the subsurfaces after the erosion tests prevent deterioration of the substrate due to erosion damage. The multi-particle simultaneously impacting model reveals the correlation mechanisms between the erosion failure properties of various material surfaces under different conditions and the elastoplastic behavior of the subsurface. These results would contribute to the improvement of the service life of the turbine disk components under erosion failure and provide a theoretical basis for their structural design.
A Study on Surface Behavior of Ductile Material in Erosion
In order to get a better understanding of the pipeline surface behaviour and its influence on wear mechanisms, erosion tests were performed using a micro-sandblaster under a constant particle flux and different impact parameters. Angular silicon carbide (SiC) particles were entrained into a stream of compressed air to impact on a mild steel surface. Particle mass flow rate was selected to allow a sufficient mass loss to occur. The erosion rates were calculated from the mass loss of each target sample and the mass of erodent used. Experimental results confirmed that at shallow impingement angles, erosion was mostly dominated by cutting wear mechanisms, while at the higher angles, erosion is dominated by deformation wear mechanisms. Subsequently, the worn surfaces and their cross-sections have been studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to relate the sub-surface damage characteristics with wear mechanisms.