Assessing the impacts of the main river and anthropogenic use on the degree of metal contamination of oxbow lake sediments (Tisza River Valley, Hungary) (original) (raw)
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Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2016
Hungary is rich of natural values, but often the condition of them does not meet our expectations. Oxbow lakes and floodplain areas of the South-Plain represent very significant value, not only from landscape, ecological or national tourism point of view, but it is also important from conservation aspect. The scale and ecological risk of contaminations deducted on rivers that are trapped in floodplains, especially in beds of oxbow 15 lakes, can be judged by examining the sediment of the oxbow lakes. Though data from sludge analysis can provide information about the condition of the oxbow lakes, from which long-term processes or potential ruination of oxbow lakes can be concluded. In autumn 2011 we have collected samples of sediment from seven oxbow lakes of Lower-Tisza, out of these four were located in floodplain and three outside the dam. Following the suggested method of Commission of 20 the European Communities Bureau of Reference we analyzed the sample's arsenic, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and copper content with four step BCR sequential extraction, in this way we defined the acid extractable, reducible, oxidisable and residual phases of the heavy metals can be found in the sediment. It can be stated in all fractions that the contamination matter content in floodplain oxbow lakes is higher than 25 outside the dam. Arsenic, manganese and zinc are present in the sediment of the oxbow lakes in an easily mobilizable form. Regarding the third fraction of arsenic a high metal proportion (15% < III. fraction < 55%) can be observed, whilst examining cadmium and in some cases manganese in specific oxbow lakes a high proportion of fraction one and two can be identified. Lead and chromium are present in a strongly bounded form (IV. fraction > 90%). During utilization and re-cultivation of oxbow lakes a close attention to be paid to elements in 30 an easily mobilizable form like arsenic, cadmium, zinc and manganese, as these elements can damage the natural vegetation, respectively can get into the food chain through fishing, irrigation or by outplacing sludge onto plough-land.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
The total content and available forms of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in fluvial sediments has been determined for surface samples (0-30 cm) collected in 2009 and after the flood in 2010 from the flood plain of the Odra River in western Poland. Total metal concentrations were obtained after mineralization with HNO3, and the available forms of trace metals were obtained by single extraction procedure using soft extractant – 0.01M CaCl2. Measurements of physico-chemical parameters also were performed: grain size fraction analysis, Eh, pH, organic matter, and calcium carbonate contents. The conducted analyses revealed that metal samples collected after the flood in 2010 varied in terms of physico-chemical parameters, total contents, and actually available forms of the studied trace metals. It has also been stated that the total contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn are strongly correlated with the participation of very coarse-grained (from 2000 to 1000 μm) and medium-grained ...
The vertical profiles of 20 major and trace metals were investigated along a 180-cm-long sediment core, which was sampled at Kiss-Janosne-Holt Tisza, an oxbow lake located in the upper part of the Tisza River in Hungary. The vertical profiles showed sharp peaks at different depths, reflecting historical pollution events and unusual changes of river water characteristics. Five different groups of metals, containing metals which were strongly correlated and showing a similar behaviour, could be distinguished by factor analysis. Six areas, with variable degrees and types of contamination, were classified in the sediment core with cluster analysis. The most polluted sections were found in the upper 50-cm part (significantly contaminated by Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg) and the deeper 100–120-cm part (characterised by high concentrations of metals associated with mining activities, such as Fe and Mn, as well as Cu, Zn and Pb). In recent years, important pollution events, such as the one which took place in March of 2000, were the reason for pollution of the upper sediment layers, whereas mining activities during the last century were responsible for the pollution of the deeper core sections.
Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments
Journal of Environmental Management, 2009
In this study we have worked on the evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the sediments taken from the Tisza River and its tributaries, and thereby used the sequential extraction method, geochemical normalization, the calculation of the enrichment factor (EF), and the methods of statistical analysis. The chemical fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Fe, and Mn, carried out by using the modified Tessier method, points to different substrates and binding mechanisms of Cu, Zn and Pb in sediments of the tributaries and sediments of the Tisza River. The similarities in the distributions of Fe and Ni in all types of sediments are the result of geochemical similarity as well as of the fact that natural sources mainly affect the concentration levels of these elements. The calculated enrichment factors (EF, measured metal vs. background concentrations) indicated that metal contamination (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr) was recorded in the sediments of the Tisza River, while no indications of pollution were detected in the tributaries of the Tisza River and the surrounding pools. The maximum values of the EF were close to 6 for Cu and Pb (moderately severe enrichment) and close to 4.5 for Zn (indicating moderate enrichment). It can be said that the Tisza River is slightly to moderately severely polluted with Cu, Zn, and Pb, and minorly polluted with Cr. It is concluded that sediments of the Tisza serve as a repository for heavy metal accumulation from adjacent urban and industrial areas.
Scientific Reports, 2022
Heavy metal pollution of river freshwater environments currently raises significant concerns due to the toxic effects and the fact that heavy metal behavior is not fully understood. This study assessed the contamination level of eight heavy metals and trace elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the surface sediments of 19 sites in 2018 during four periods (March, May, June, and October) in Olt River sediments. Multivariate statistical techniques were used, namely, one-way ANOVA, person product-moment correlation analysis, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and sediment quality indicators such as the contamination factor and pollution load index. The results demonstrated higher contents of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg, with values that were over 2.46, 4.40, 1.15, 8.28, 1.10, 1.53, and 3.71 times more, respectively, compared with the national quality standards for sediments. We observed a positive significant statistical correlation (p < 0.001) in March between elevation and Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn and a negative correlation between Pb and elevation (p = 0.08). Intermetal associations were observed only in March, indicating a relationship with river discharge from spring. The PCA sustained mainly anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, which were also identified through correlation and cluster analyses. We noted significant differences between the Cr and Pb population means and variances (p < 0.001) for the data measured in March, May, June, and October. The contamination factor indicated that the pollution level of heavy metals was high and significant for As at 15 of the 19 sites. The pollution load index showed that over 89% of the sites were polluted by metals to various degrees during the four periods investigated. Our results improve the knowledge of anthropogenic versus natural origins of heavy metals in river surface sediments, which is extremely important in assessing environmental and human health risks and beneficial for decisionmaker outcomes for national freshwater management plans.
Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Sediments from the Danube River
International Journal of Education, 2016
Heavy metals are considered dangerous contaminants due to the possibility of bioaccumulation and toxic effects on environment and human health. Six metals exhibiting a greater relevance to the aquatic ecosystem in terms of toxic effects (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed from water samples collected monthly from ten sites, during May 2012-April 2015. The levels of heavy metals in water samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results obtained emphasized that the average concentrations of the studied metals from water have decreased as follows: Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. Spatial distribution maps of studied heavy metals were performed using ArcView 9.3 software. Quantifying the risk of aquatic ecosystem exposure to heavy metal pollution was carried out based on ecological hazard quotient (HQ). Exposure to heavy metals in water pose no risk factor.
2006
Relations between changes in bed morphology and heavy metal concentrations were investigated in the Mała Panew River channel in southern Poland. Samples of bed sediments were collected at ten locations 12 times during two years. Concentrations of cadmium, zinc and lead in the river sediments are among the highest in Poland and in silt-clay fraction it reaches 600, 4000 and 500 ppm, respectively. At most channel locations, migration of one or two sand bars was observed. Usually a dead water zone, which was a particularly important sink for fine, strongly polluted organic sediments, appeared in front of the bar. Here, also the highest heavy metal concentrations occurred. The dead water existed usually for several months until it was destroyed by a flood or filled with sand sediments in the case of the bar front accretion. As a result, a marked drop of metal concentrations, accompanied by higher flow velocities, followed in a relatively short period.
SIMI 2015, 2015
The aim of this paper is to assess the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in surface sediments from accumulation lakes on the sector inferior of the Olt River: Govora, Babeni-Marcea, Zavideni, Dragasani and Strejesti. Heavy metals are among the most persistent of pollutants in the ecosystem such as water, sediments and biota because of their resistance to decomposition in natural condition. Accumulation of heavy metals in the environment results primarily from human activity. In addition, an important role in the "enrichment" heavy metal reservoirs they have natural processes, such as the disintegration of rocks and volcanic activities. Sediment is the ultimate destination for heavy metals discharged into the environment. The main aspects of the present work are to: determine to content and spatial distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg) in surface sediments from accumulation lakes on the sector inferior of the Olt River; calculating the pollution load index (PLI), the Nemerow pollution index (PI) and potential ecological risk (RI) in order to evaluate the potential ecological risk.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2004
This paper examines the relations between the dispersal of sediment-borne heavy metals and changes in morphology of the Mała Panew River valley in southern Poland. Sediment samples were taken in 66 vertical profiles up to 60 cm deep, situated at different heights above a water table. Alluvial levels of similar width and height appear with different frequency along river banks within 7 selected 1km-long river valley reaches. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations at levels of similar height are similar throughout the Mała Panew valley. This suggests that both the width of the river valley over which sediment-associated heavy metals accumulated as well as the volume of these sediments stored within particular river reaches, change downstream. Generally, the wide, natural reaches of the river valley, which have been sinks for metal-associated sediments in the 20 th century, are an important secondary pollution source, whereas narrow valley reaches in which flow regulation caused incision of the river channel are mainly transition zones for the polluted sediments conveyed in the river valley.