Effect of natural growth promoters on immunity, and biochemical and haematological parameters of broiler chickens (original) (raw)
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Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 2019
The study was designed to explore the effect of Sanguinarine phytobiotic and sodium butyrate on growth performance, hemato-biochemical and immunological profile of healthy broiler chickens. Ninety, one-day old healthy broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 of healthy chicks was kept as a control group, group 2 in which the broilers received 2 mL/L sodium butyrate and group 3 in which the broilers received 1 g/10 L phytobiotic (Sangrovit) ®. At the end of drug administration, two blood samples were collected from each group for hematobiochemical and immunological parameters. The results revealed that, broiler chicks received sodium butyrate and Sanguinarine phytobiotic showed a significant increase in body weight (2250.64 and 2206.23 g versus 2005.43g in control), weight gain (966.19 and 945.66g versus 855.20g in control), feed consumption and feed conversion rate (1.72 and 1.75 versus 1.85 in control). Hemato-biochemical and immunological analysis revealed a significant increase in total erythrogram (RBCs 4.98 and 5.22 versus 4.37 in control) and leukogram (14.33 and 14.64 versus 11.26 in control), phagocytosis and phagocytic percent (61.23 and 62.05 versus 58.68 in control), nitric oxide (20.34 and 20.48 versus 19.05 in control), hemagglutination inhibition titer against Newcastle disease virus (3.20 and 3.25 versus 2.03 in control), total protein (6.23 and 6.35 versus 5.67 in control) and albumin (3.25 and 3.55 versus 2.95 in control), with non-significant increase in total globulin, , , globulins, albumin/globulin ratio, liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase; uric acid and creatinine levels. In conclusion, sodium butyrate and Sanguinarine phytobiotic induced improvement in growth performance, hemato-biochemical and immunological profile in healthy broiler chickens. They could be safely used as alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters in the commercial broiler diet to lower the risk of antibiotic residues in meat and to avoid the antibiotic resistance to the consumers.
Relative efficacy of organic acids and antibiotics as growth promoters in broiler chicken
Veterinary World, 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic acids as replacer to antibiotics in their various combinations on feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broiler chicks during different phases of growth. Materials and Methods: Antibiotics and organic acids were incorporated into boiler feed in different combinations to form 10 maize based test diets (T 1 to T 10). Each test diet was offered to four replicates of 10 birds each constituting a total of 400 birds kept for 45 days. Results: Significantly better effect in terms of body weight gain from supplementation of 1% citric acid and 1% citric acid along with antibiotic was observed throughout the entire study, whereas the effect of tartaric acid supplementation was similar to control group. Citric acid (1%) along with antibiotic supplementation showed highest feed intake during the experimental period. Significantly better FCR was observed in groups supplemented with 1% citric acid and 1% citric acid along with antibiotic followed by antibiotic along with organic acids supplemented group. Conclusion: Growth performance of birds in terms of body weight, body weight gain, and FCR improved significantly in 1% citric acid which was significantly higher than antibiotic supplemented group. 1% citric acid can effectively replace antibiotic growth promoter (chlortetracycline) without affecting growth performance of birds.
Phytogenic Feed Additives as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Chickens
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2015
The recent trend toward reduction of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in North American poultry diets has put tremendous pressure on the industry to look for viable alternatives. In this context, phytogenic feed additives (PFA) are researched to improve gut health and thereby performance. An experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the effects of PFA as an alternative to AGP on small intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbiota composition, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in broiler chickens. A total of 432-day-old Vencobb 400 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary groups, each consisting of 12 replicate pens (n = 12 chicks/pen). The chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal-based control (CON), CON + 500 mg/kg of AGP (bacitracin methylene disalicylate containing 450 mg active BMD/g), or CON + 150 mg/kg of proprietary blend of PFA (Digestarom ® Poultry) until 39 days of age when samples were collected. Birds fed either AGP or PFA had increased villus height in all three segments of the small intestine in comparison to the birds fed CON (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the PFA-fed birds had significantly increased villus height and lower crypt depth compared to AGP fed birds (P ≤ 0.05). Birds fed either additive also had increased total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract (P ≤ 0.05). The strong effect of the PFA on villus height in the jejunum may suggest augmented nutrient absorption in PFA-fed birds. Although both additives reduced total cecal counts of anaerobic bacteria and Clostridium spp., PFA alone reduced the total coliform count while increasing the Lactobacillus spp. count (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest the establishment of beneficial microbial colonies in PFA-fed birds. Overall, both PFA and AGP increased body weight gain while lowering the feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.05). Hence data from this experiment demonstrate the efficacy of PFA as a substitute to AGP in poultry diets.
2005
Antimicrobial compounds are commonly included in poultry diets for promoting of growth and control of diseases. The European Union banned feed grade antibiotic growth promoters, due to, not only cross-resistance, but also to the risk of possible drugs multiple resistances in human pathogenic bacteria. Only two such drug-related compounds are planned to remain in use (GILL, 1999; BACH KNUDSEN, 2001; SCHWARZ et al., 2001; SHANE, 2001). Feeds containing no chemical additives are increasingly used in poultry nutrition. Therefore, antibiotic growth promoters were discredited by consumer associations as well as by scientists, e.g. the use of most antibiotic growth promoters was banned by the European Union. Consequently, the animal feed manufacturers are exposed to increasing consumer pressure to reduce the use of antibiotic growth promoters as feed additive and find alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets (NEWMAN, 1997; HERTRAMPF, 2001; HUMPHREY et al., 2002). Many s...
South African Journal of Animal Science, 2007
A study was conducted to compare the effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (flavomycin) and two herbal natural feed additives (garlic and thyme) with and without a xylanase-based enzyme complex in wheat-based diets on growth performance, carcass parameters, total plasma cholesterol concentration, intestinal traits and the dry matter content of excreta of broiler chickens. A total of 112 day-old male broiler chicks was randomly assigned to eight groups containing 14 chicks each and raised from 1 to 42 days of age. The control group received the wheat-soyabean meal basal diet. In the treatment groups the basal diet was supplemented with one of the following: an antibiotic, thyme, garlic, an enzyme, the antibiotic plus the enzyme, thyme plus the enzyme or garlic plus the enzyme. During the 42-d growth period there were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the broilers between dietary treatments. Feeding the diet supplemented with the antibiotic plus the enzyme significantly increased hot and cold carcass yields compared to the diets supplemented with thyme, garlic, enzyme and garlic plus enzyme. Total plasma cholesterol concentration, the dry matter content of excreta and the relative weights of the heart, pancreas, liver, gizzard and spleen were not significantly influenced by dietary treatments. The relative weight of the small intestines of the broilers receiving the diets supplemented with the antibiotic, antibiotic plus enzyme, thyme plus enzyme and garlic plus enzyme were significantly less than those of the broilers fed the basal diet and the diets supplemented with thyme, garlic and enzyme. The basal diet and garlic supplemented diet significantly increased the length of the small intestine compared to the other dietary treatments. Broilers receiving the diet supplemented with antibiotic had significantly lower total aerobic bacterial counts in the small intestines compared to those on the other dietary treatments. The combined supplementation of the antibiotic and enzyme resulted in a significantly lower E. coli concentration in the small intestines compared to the basal diet and the other dietary treatments.
An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of using organic acids as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter on performance of broiler chicks. Carcass characteristics, histological changes of ileum and immune related organs (bursa, thymus and spleen) along with intestinal bacteria count were also studied. A number of 150 Cobb broiler chicks were fed on three dietary treatments: a basal cornsoybean meal diet served as a control treatment with no supplements or supplemented with either 0.025% Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylat (BMD, antibiotic) or 0.06% Galliacid® (organic acids) from 10 to 36 days of age. The results showed that birds fed antibiotic or organic acids gained significant (p<0.05) more body weight than those fed the control diet. No significant differences were detected among treatments on feed intake while feed conversion ratio values were significantly (p<0.0001) differ. Addition of organic acids or antibiotic did improve FCR by about 9 and 2%, respectively. These results indicated that birds fed either organic acids or antibiotic supplemented diets utilized feed more efficiently than those fed the control diet. Carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary treatments, while the addition of antibiotic or organic acids significantly (p<0.01) increased spleen and bursa weight (% live body weight). Addition of organic acids was more effective than antibiotic on decreasing intestinal count of Escherichia coli and appearance of Colostridium perfringers. Organic acids as alternative to the antibiotic growth promoter have stimulated some histological change in histology of the villi and the immune related organs. Performance and feed efficiency are closely interrelated with the quantitative microbial load of the gut, the morphological structure of the intestinal wall and the activity of the immune system. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of organic acids increased growth performance and improved intestinal health and morphology of broiler chicks. It could be successfully used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets or as a tool of controlling intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
The present experiment examined the influence of three commercial organic acids, as an alternative to in-feed antibiotic, neoxyval, on broiler's performance during pre-and post-challenge with Salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium. Ten cages of birds received one of the following treatments: T1 = Control group, unmedicated, no bacterial challenge (+CONT); T2 = Negative control, unmedicated, challenged (-CONT); T3 = Medicated with antibiotic (neoxyval), challenged (NEOX); T4 = Supplemented with Gallimix, challenged (GALI); T5 = Supplemented with FormaXOL, challenged (FORMA); and T6 = Supplemented with Fysal, challenged (FYS). Chicks in treatments T2 to T6 were challenged with (3 × 10 9 cfu/ml) of Salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium on day 16. The results revealed that unchallenged bird (CONT) consumed more feed as compared to other treatments (P < 0.001). Furthermore, birds which had received NEOX, GALI, FORMA or FYS converted, feed more efficiently as compared to those whi...
2019
Many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace antibiotics as growth promoters. Probiotics and phytobiotics are some of the products that can be used as growth promoters in broiler. The present study was designed to investigate either single or combined effect of a probiotic and phytobiotic on serum biochemistry and growth performances in broilers. A total of 50 Cobb-500 day old chicks were divided into five groups (10 birds each). The birds of Group A were offered a basal diet (corn-soya based), Group B basal diet + 0.10% Renamycin 100 ® , Group C basal diet + 0.15% probiotic (Bio-Top ®), Group D basal diet + 0.10% phytobiotic (Galibiotic) and Group E basal diet + 0.15% Bio-Top ® + 0.10% Galibiotic. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum biochemistry (Triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, creatinine) were recorded. Serum biochemical values differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups. The average final live weight gain was 665grams, 686grams, 1095grams, 780grams and 1065grams in groups A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The feed conversion ratio was 2.1, 1.96, 1.72, 1.83, and 1.75 in A, B, C, D and E group, respectively. The present study revealed that supplementation of probiotic and phytobiotic in feed significantly reduced triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL values compared to value of control group (P<0.05). Probiotic or its' combination with phytobiotic has the potential to be exemplary alternatives to antibiotic as growth promoters.
Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Natural Growth Promoters
The present study evaluated the effect of different probiotics on the performance of broiler chickens. A thousand and fifty one-day-old male Cobb chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement (3 probiotics sources in the diet, 2 probiotics concentrations in drinking water and 1 control group), with 5 repetitions of 30 birds per parcel. The results showed better feed conversion (p<0.01) (1-21, 22-35 and 1-45 days) and weight gain (p<0.05) (22-35 and 1-45 days) in the control group in relation to the groups receiving probiotics. The use of Bacillus subtilis in the diet improved (p<0.05) feed conversion during the growing phase, but this was not seen in the following period. Thus, it was concluded that probiotics supplementation had no beneficial effects on the performance.