Potential Contribution of Adipose Tissue to Elevated Serum Cystatin C in Human Obesity (original) (raw)
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Serum Cystatin C Level in Adult Obese And Overweight Subjects In Delta State
Cystatin C has been identified as a marker of renal function and incriminated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Obesity has been identified as a chronic low grade inflammatory state thereby predisposes individuals to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cystatin C levels of adult obese and overweight subjects in Delta State, Nigeria.Four hundred and fifty four apparently healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. These consist of one hundred and seventy eight (178) males {they were categorized into Obese (n=90)], Overweight (n=50)and Normal weight (n=40)]} and two hundred and seventy six (276) females {they were categorized into Obese (n=160)], Overweight (n=66)] and Normal weight (n=48)} with age 18-70years.Our results shows a significant higher cystatin C level in obese subjects when compared with overweight and normal weight individuals. Also, there was a significant higher cystatin C in overweight individuals when compared with normal weight individuals.Obese and overweight individuals are predisposed to impaired renal function and atherosclerosis with a high risk. We therefore recommend inclusion of cystatin C in the menu of test for the investigation of cardiac function in individuals.
Correlation of Serum Cystatin C with Atherogenic indices in obese individuals
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2015
Introduction: Human obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is a naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The atherogenic indices are used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. Objectives: To estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between 20-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with atherogenic index of plasma and other indices. Methodology: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 20-39 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains sample size of 60. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Total Cholesterol, TG, LDL-Cholesterol & HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using auto-analyser. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was used to compare the serum levels of Cystatin C in the two groups. To correlate the serum Cystatin C with atherogenic indices for predicting the cardiovascular risk factors, Pearson's correlation coefficient was worked out. Results: The mean serum cystatin C levels in normal BMI group are 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/(p value<0.001).In the study serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli's Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL(Castelli's Risk Index II) (r=0.70) respectively and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(NonHDLc)/HDLc}(r=0.60) and negative correlation with serum HDL(r=-0.52) Conclusion: Several indices had been derived from lipid profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. The atherogenic index of plasma was strongly correlated with the Cystatin C, hence AIP can be used as better index for predicting the preclinical cardiovascular disease because of cost effectiveness in estimation of Cystatin C.
Overweight, Obesity, and Elevated Serum Cystatin C Levels in Adults in the United States
The American Journal of Medicine, 2008
BACKGROUND: Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, limited data exist on the association of overweight and obesity with early stages of kidney disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional data for 5083 participants of the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with an estimated glomerular filtration rate Ն 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 without micro-or macroalbuminuria were analyzed to determine the association between BMI and elevated serum cystatin C. Normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II to III obesity were defined as a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 , 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m 2 , and Ն 35.0 kg/m 2 , respectively. Elevated serum cystatin C was defined as Ն 1.09 mg/L (Ն99th percentile for participants 20-39 years of age without diabetes, hypertension, micro-or macroalbuminuria, or stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease).
Validity of Serum Cystatin C for Prediecting Obesity Nephropathy
Interdisciplinary Bio Central, 2012
Background: Serum concentration of cystatin C, a marker of glomerular filtration has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate cystatin C as a marker of obese patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 36 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 32 subjects free of metabolic syndrome (the control group). HDL-C, LDL-C, blood urea, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were measured in both groups. GFR was calculated in both groups using Cockroft-Gault equation. Results: Obese patients showed higher cystatin C levels than normal samples (1.28 ± 0.29, P < 0.05). In the binary logistic regression, obese patients were significantly associated with elevated cystatin C levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cystatin C may be a marker for obese patients and may identify a certain degree of renal dysfunction even when serum creatinine does not exceed the normal level. In this study, we demonstrated that serum creatinineand GFR did not differ significantly between the diabetic and the control groups. Serum concentration of cystatin C was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The strengths of this study are the evaluation of reliability and sensivity in comparison with a 'routine test of GFR'. The methodology used allows an appropriate statistical comparison of reliability in contrast to most other previous evaluations of GFR.
Cystatin C as a marker of Cardio metabolic disorder in obese South Indian individuals
2015
Background: Human obesity is strongly associated with cardio metabolic disease. Cystatin C is a naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The main objective of present study was to estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between 18-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of serum Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with cardio metabolic risk factors. Material & Methods: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 1839 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains sample size of 45. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Blood glucose, Total cholesterol, Total Triglycerides, Direct HDL cholesterol, Direct LDL Cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by immunoturbidimetric method using auto analyser. Results: The serum Cystatin C levels was significantly incr...
Correlation of Cystatin C with Atherogenic Indices in South Indian Obese Individuals
Introduction: Obesity is the leading cause for cardiovascular disease in the world. Cystatin C is a novel marker of cardiovascular disease and atherogenic indices which is used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. The objective of the study was to estimate the Cystatin C levels in non-obese and obese individuals aged between 18-39 years and to compare the levels of Cystatin C among these individuals. The study was also done with an objective to know the association of Cystatin C with atherogenic indices. Methodology: The subjects were selected from healthy volunteers of Mysore aged between 18-39 years of either sex. They were grouped into two groups based on their BMI. Each group had sample size of 60. Sample were collected in fasting state and analyzed for Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-Cholesterol & HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using Randox auto-analyzer. Results and Interpretation: The mean serum Cystatin C level in non obese group was 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/L (p value<0.001). Serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli's Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL (Castelli's Risk Index II) (r=0.70) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(Non HDLc)/HDLc} (r=0.60) respectively and negative correlation with serum HDL (r=-0.52). Conclusion: Several indices have been derived from lipid profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. Cystatin C, was strongly correlated with the Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), hence AIP can be used as a better index for screening the preclinical Cardiovascular event in obese individuals as estimation of Cystatin C is cost effective.
The association between cystatin C and incident type 2 diabetes is related to central adiposity
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2013
Background. Cystatin C has recently been shown to be associated with incident type 2 diabetes. This study aims to validate this association and to study the impact of baseline adiposity. Methods. We investigated the 3-year diabetes incidence in 2849 participants from the French Data of an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance syndrome study, without overt kidney disease. Odds ratios (ORs) associated with cystatin C were adjusted for classical diabetes risk factors and interactions between cystatin C and these risk factors were studied. Results. Baseline serum cystatin C was significantly associated with incident diabetes on univariate analysis (OR/1 SD of log cystatin C: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-2.28; P = 0.0001) and after adjustment for age and gender (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15-2.10; P = 0.0039). This association was independent of serum creatinine-derived measures of baseline renal function and independent of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. When body mass index (BMI), waist circumference or baseline insulin resistance index were used as covariates, there was an interaction with cystatin C level. Cystatin C was associated only with incident diabetes for people with BMI, waist circumference or insulin resistance index ≥ median value with OR (95% CIs), respectively: 1.35 (0.98-1.84, P = 0.0625); 1.39 (1.01-1.91, P = 0.0441) and 1.41 (1.02-1.94, P = 0.0398). Conclusions. Cystatin C was associated with 3-year incident diabetes but only in people with central adiposity or insulin resistance. This should be considered in further studies assessing the clinical relevance of its prognostic value. I N T RO D U C T I O N Measurement of plasma cystatin C has been proposed to be superior to creatinine-based methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [1, 2], as this 13.3 kDa protein is almost completely cleared from the circulation by glomerular filtration [3]. Recently, cystatin C has been shown to predict incident type 2 diabetes [4]. Furthermore, in a nested case-control study design in the Western New York Health Study, elevated cystatin C levels predicted progression from normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to prediabetes (FPG between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L) [5]. However, non-renal factors [age, weight, Creactive protein (CRP), male gender and cigarette smoking]
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, 2012
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a central feature of the atherosclerotic process particularly in obesity. hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, may be directly involved in all phases of atheroslerosis by complement activation, apoptosis, vascular cell activation, monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation and thrombosis. Inflammation has a causal relationship with cysteine proteases including cathepsin S. Therefore, cathepsin S is considered as a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis. An imbalance between elastolytic cysteine proteases, cathepsin S and its inhibitor, cystatin C, is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Some studies have shown that increased circulating levels of cathepsin S, hsCRP and cystatin C in inflammatory conditions contribute to atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between ox-LDL and cathepsin S, and cystatin C and hsCRP in men with central obesity.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 71 male su...