Biodiesel Current Technology: Ultrasonic Process a Realistic Industrial Application (original) (raw)

Catalysis Non Catalytic SMP 2 Reaction time 0.5-4h 0.5-5.5h 1-8h 120-240s Operation conditions 0.1 MPa, 30-65 ºC 0.1-5 MPa, 30-200 ºC 0.1 Mpa, 35-40 ºC >25Mpa, >239.4 ºC Catalyst Acid/base Metal oxides o carbonates Lipase Non Free fatty acid Soap formation Esters Esters Esters Water Interfere No interfere No interfere Act as catalyst to the process Yield Normal Low to normal Low to normal High Purification Difficult Easy Easy Very easy Downstream Water Non Non Non Glycerol purity Low Low to normal Normal High Process Complex Normal Simple Simple Capital cost Low Medium High Very high Operation cost High High Normal High