A Novel Energy Detection Technique for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio (original) (raw)
Related papers
2015
Article History: Received 14, July, 2015 Received in revised form 23, July, 2015 Accepted 13, August, 2015 Published online 28, August, 2015 In this paper we focus on spectrum sensing in cognitive radio to sense the presence of primary user and effectively use the available radio bandwidth. Cognitive users are allowed to share the licensed spectrum allotted to the primary user, when kept unutilized by it. Here energy detection technique is usedfor spectrum sensing overthe Rayleigh fading channel.Multiple cognitive radios actively participate to enhance the sensing capability of channel by collecting all sensed data at one central place. This collected data is processedand decision is made for the availability of spectrum, and thus can overcome the flaws of individual sensing. Comparison of cooperative and non-cooperative spectrum sensing for same number of cognitive radios is carried out under the centralized fusion procedure.
Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
Cognitive radio is a ground-breaking software-defined radio paradigm that offers Dynamic spectrum access, allowing secondary users to use the frequency band allotted to the principal user when it is not in use and vacate when the prime application returns. The ability to sense the spectrum is critical to cognitive radio's efficiency. Energy detection sensing is the simplest and most often used spectrum sensing approach, owing to its ease of implementation in cognitive radio applications. The three-energy detection-based algorithms adopted for different scenarios have been compared in this study. The algorithms include the double-threshold energy detection, adaptive single threshold energy detection, and the adaptive double threshold spectrum sensing algorithm. Since the noise prediction in the practical situation is difficult, the necessity is to find the best algorithm in this condition. The other equally important parameters for efficiently sensing the spectrum are spectrum ef...
Advanced Energy Detector Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing In Cognitive Networks
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016
Cognitive radio is a befitting hopeful technology for future. Spectrum sensing is the most critical function of cognitive radio. Most of the spectrums sensing processes proposed earlier become impractical at lower signal to noise ratio conditions. Paper presents advanced cooperative spectrum sensing technique used in cognitive radio (CR) systems. By spectrum sensing it detects the presence of a primary user (PU) on a concerned spectrum. The accuracy of spectrum sensing depends on both sensing time and number of sensing nodes (secondary users) participating in the sensing process. We derive the optimal number of secondary users for cooperative spectrum sensing based on adaptive threshold energy detection to minimize spectrum detection error in conventional as well as improved energy detector.
2015
The ever growing wireless technologies has put a lot of demand on the usage of available spectrum, thus leading to spectrum underutilization and scarcity. To address this issue and improve spectrum utilization gave rise to the concept of the cognitive radio. The cognitive radio is known to enhance the utilization of spectrum of where a secondary user can utilize the spectrum of the primary user without causing harmful interference to the incumbent primary user. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing in a fading and non-fading environments. Also we presented results on the single user detection and cooperative detection applying the energy detector. The performance of the energy detection technique was assessed by the use of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Rayleigh and Nakagami channels. The cooperative detection shows better performance to the single user in the fading ...
ENERGY DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIO: A SURVEY
Spectrum sensing is the basic and essential mechanisms of Cognitive Radio (CR) to find the unused spectrum. This paper presents an overview of CR architecture, discusses the characteristics and benefits of a CR. Energy detectionbased spectrum sensing has beenproposed and used widely because it doesn't require transmitted signal properties, channel information, or even the type of modulation. In this paper, a surveyof energy detector over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), different fading channels for spectrum sensing methodologies in cognitive radio is presented.Theoretical analysis of time domain energy detection and threshold setting is investigated. Cooperative spectrum sensing and a multiple antenna processing based energy detector receptions are also discussed.
Performance Estimation of Improved Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under Fading Environment
IJEER , 2023
To deal with spectrum scarcity, Cognitive radio has been considered as a resolving technology. Energy detection(ED) is the most preferable sensing technique due to its lower complexity, ease of working and non-dependency on primary user data requirements. Although having many advantages, ED has some practical limitations like low SNR, shadowing, erroneous reporting channels and multipath fading. Here, a comparative study is done to check the effect of such parameters. And with simulation, it is proven that Cooperative spectrum sensing can reduce the effect of these confines. In this paper, we have also simulated the improved version of ED where decision making is done cooperatively. The results show that the performance of Improved Energy Detection (IED) is more efficient than the Classical ED, not only for AWGN, but also under fading environment. Cooperative spectrum sensing enhances the performance further. Under fading environment, the majority logic with centralized fusion centre performs better than other techniques. In this paper the performance estimation of Improved Energy Detection technique is done under Rayleigh fading environment and the positive effect of cooperation is also evaluated considering erroneous reports and imperfect reporting channels.
A Performance Study of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks
Spectrum scarcity is considered an impediment to the growth of wireless technologies. However, studies reveal a significant underutilization of the frequency spectrum apportioned to licensed users. An intelligent radio technology platform, termed Cognitive Radio was conceived to solve this imminent challenge by shifting the paradigm of a static spectrum allocation policy to that of dynamic (opportunistic) spectrum access. A foremost part of this technology is spectrum sensing. Among the methods espoused, Energy Detection possesses an advantage of low implementation and low computational complexity; compared to the other methods that require prior information and specific features of the signal to be detected. This study evaluates the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments. Both single user detection and cooperative detection situations were investigated. Closed form solutions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm were derived. Analytical results were verified by numerical computations using Monte Carlo method in MATLAB. The performance of the energy detection technique was evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves over AWGN and fading (Rayleigh & Nakagami-m) channels. Results show that for both single user detection and cooperative detection, the energy detection technique performs better in AWGN than in fading environment. The performance of cooperative detection in fading environment on the other hand, outperforms that of the single user detector.
Energy Detection Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2000
Detection performance of an energy detector used for cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network is investigated over channels with both multipath fading and shadowing. The analysis focuses on two fusion strategies: data fusion and decision fusion. Under data fusion, upper bounds for average detection probabilities are derived for four scenarios: 1) single cognitive relay; 2) multiple cognitive relays; 3) multiple cognitive relays with direct link; and 4) multi-hop cognitive relays. Under decision fusion, the exact detection and false alarm probabilities are derived under the generalized " -outof-" fusion rule at the fusion center with consideration of errors in the reporting channel due to fading. The results are extended to a multi-hop network as well. Our analysis is validated by numerical and simulation results. Although this research focuses on Rayleigh multipath fading and lognormal shadowing, the analytical framework can be extended to channels with Nakagami-multipath fading and lognormal shadowing as well.
6th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), 2012
Cognitive radio networks can improve the efficient use of spectrum through opportunistic access to the licensed bands without interfering with the primary users. Spectrum sensing, as an important functionality in cognitive radios (CRs), needs to reliably detect the signals from licensed primary radios. To achieve this, improved energy detector is proposed. By using optimum norm of the received signal samples in improved energy detector, the detection performance is improved as compared to the conventional detector. In the literature, Cooperation between CRs is proposed to avoid interference in primary users and increase the utilization of spectrum. In this paper, we assume a cooperative scheme where each CR senses a common frequency band with a different average SNR. According to Neyman-Pearson theorem, optimum norm of the received samples are compared to a predetermined threshold. Then, binary decision of each CR is sent to a fusion center (FC) to make final decision about presence or absence of primary users. The numerical results show that the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing with improved energy detector is increased considerably as compared to the conventional ones. The results also show that the OR rule outperforms the AND and the majority rules in both energy detectors. Index Terms-Cooperative spectrum sensing, cognitive radio network, improved energy detector.
Cognitive Radio Technology Applications for Wireless and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
This chapter discusses the detection performance of relay based cognitive radio networks. Relays are assigned in cognitive radio networks to transmit the primary user's signal to cognitive coordinators or CPUs, thus achieving cooperative spectrum sensing. The purpose of the chapter is to provide mathematical analysis of energy detectors for dual hop networks. The soft fusion rule is used at the relays which acts as amplify and forward relays. For the detection purpose, the energy detector is employed at the cognitive coordinator. In the ending sections, sensing performance is analyzed for different fading channels in the MATLAB environment and simulation results present comparative performance of various relay conditions with concluding remarks.