Recovery of Glutaric Acid Using Tri-N-Butyl Phosphate: Effect of Diluents and Temperature (original) (raw)
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Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Extraction of Glutaric Acid by Trioctylamine
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2009
The reactive extraction equilibria for aqueous solutions of glutaric acid, with trioctylamine (TOA) in various diluents, including isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), hexan-2-one, toluene, kerosene, and n-hexane, were determined at various TOA concentrations. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K D ), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). All measurements were carried out at 25°C. Kerosene was found to be the most effective diluent with the highest value of K D (7.88). The complexation constants K 11 and K 21 were calculated for each diluent. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model which takes into account physical interactions and modified Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Experimental results of the glutaric acid extraction are compared to model results.
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2016
The present work is focused on the effect of temperature on extraction of gallic acid using Aliquat 336, tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-n-octylamine in hexanol and octanol. Distribution coefficient, loading ratio, percent extraction, equilibrium complexation constant, water coextraction, enthalpy, and entropy change were evaluated for various acid−extractant− diluent combinations with varying temperature. The extraction of GA was found to be highly exothermic at lower molality of TBP in octanol with evaluated enthalpy change as −28 743 J/mol. The extraction of gallic acid process was favored at low temperature as the process was evaluated as an exothermic in nature. Maximum extraction efficiency of 97.3% was observed at higher molality of Aliquat 336 in hexanol at lower temperature.
Recovery of Glutaric acid by Reactive Extraction using Tri-n-Octylamine in Different Biodiesels
Oriental Journal of Chemistry
This paper is aimed to recover glutaric acid from aqueous solution by using Tri-n-octyl amine in different biodiesels through an experimental investigation by reactive extraction. Here glutaric is extracted by reversible complexion reaction with tri-n-octylamine extractant present in three types of biodiesel-sunflower, sesame and rice bran. The distribution coefficients (K D) for experimental investigation system comes out to be (9.38-25.37) for sunflower biodiesel, (9.61-30.88) for sesame biodiesel and (10.62-29.92) rice bran diesel. The determined loading ratios (Ø) were in the range (0.27-4.05) for sunflower biodiesel, (0.27-4.02) for sesame biodiesel and (0.27-4.05) rice bran biodiesel, indicating overloading of the extractant. A very high average extraction efficiency (%E) is in the range of (90.36-96.20) for sunflower biodiesel, (90.57-96.86) for sesame biodiesel and (91.40-96.30) rice bran biodiesel) were obtained in the present investigation.
Phenylacetic acid is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for production of antibiotics. The recovery of phenylacetic acid from dilute aqueous waste with tri-n-butyl phosphate in methyl isobutyl ketone and petroleum ether has been attempted, and the results are presented in terms of distribution coefficient, extraction efficiency, apparent equilibrium constant, and loading ratio. The mechanism of reactive extraction was analyzed and the stoichiometric ratio of phenylacetic acid to tri-n-butyl phosphate in methyl isobutyl ketone and petroleum ether was found to be 1:0.5 and 1:1.2. Mass action law was used to represent the reactive extraction equilibrium for phenylacetic acidtri-n-butyl phosphatediluents which satisfied much in the present study. FTIR spectroscopy was studied for confirmation of the formation of a complex between acid and extractant. Further relative basicity approach has been extended to represent the experimental results. The model is best suited to experimental results.
A Study on Glutaric Acid Extraction by Tridodecylamine: Equilibria and Models
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2009
The extraction of glutaric acid was studied using tridodecyl amine (TDA) with respect to the functional groups of the diluent. The diluents studied were 1-octanol (alcohol), methyl isobuthyl ketone, MIBK (ketone), and toluene (aromatic hydrocarbon) and these were used to dilute the TDA. The experimental results of batch extraction experiments are reported as distribution coefficients, D C , loading factors, Z, and extraction efficiency, E. All measurements were carried out at 298.15 K. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements are correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model that takes into account physical interactions and modified Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The experimental results are compared with model results.
Reactive Extraction of Caproic Acid Using Tri-n-butyl Phosphate in Hexanol, Octanol, and Decanol
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2011
Reactive extraction is an alternative method for recovery of caproic acid as compared to other processes such as distillation, membrane, dialysis, electrodialysis, and so forth. The profound success of reactive extraction has been noted in the recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute solutions. In present paper, reactive extraction of caproic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) (extractant), an organophosphorous compound, in hexanol, octanol, and decanol (diluents) has been studied. Results were presented in terms of distribution coefficients, loading ratio, degree of extraction, and equilibrium complexation constants. Four different models, relative basicity, mass action law, Langmuir, and linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) models, were used to represent the reactive extraction equilibrium for caproic acid-TBP-diluent. The data obtained are useful in understanding the equilibrium characteristics and efficient design of reactive extraction process for the recovery of caproic acid.
Effect of Temperature and Initial Acid Concentration on the Reactive Extraction of Carboxylic Acids
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2013
Temperature effect and initial acid concentration are significant factors of study on the reactive extraction process. Both the effect of temperature and of initial acid concentration on the extraction of levulinic acid and malic acid have been studied and compared to each other. Extractions have been carried out at the temperatures 298 K, 318 K, and 328 K. The results showed that an increase in temperature reduced distribution coefficients for all solvents used as the organic phase. The enthalpy and entropy of reaction have been calculated. Reactive extraction of these acids by amines resulted in negative values of enthalpy. Thus, the reactive extraction process is an exothermic process. Different initial concentrations of both acids have been studied in the range of 0.08 wt % to 0.15 wt %. For all solvents in organic phase the distribution coefficients decreased with increasing initial concentration of acids.
Phenylacetic acid extraction from an aqueous system gets consideration because of its extensive uses in the production of β-lactam antibiotics. In the present paper, reactive extraction has been investigated for the removal of phenylacetic acid by tri-n-butyl phosphate from the aqueous phase in benzene, hexanol, and rice bran oil as diluents. Reactive extraction data were discussed in terms of overall distribution coefficients (D o ), loading ratio (ϕ), degree of extraction (η %), and equilibrium complexation constants (E αβ ). The mass action law model was used to represent equilibrium of reactive extraction of phenylacetic acid−tri-n-butyl phosphate. Also the results on water coextraction have been presented. A further extensive discussion on toxicity, back extraction, and regeneration was given. It is a first kind of study for the removal of phenylacetic acid from the aqueous phase by reactive extraction using tri-nbutyl phosphate in benzene, hexanol, and rice bran oil. A dx.doi.org/10.1021/je400696d | J. Chem. Eng. Data XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
Reactive Extraction of Caproic Acid using Tri-n- Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in Non Toxic Diluents
International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018
The present paper deals with the study of reactive extraction of caproic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate in non-toxic diluents (oils obtain from sunflower, soybean, and rice bran) in different proportions and combinations of extractant and the non-toxic diluents. Results were presented in terms of distribution coefficients, loading ratio, degree of extraction, equilibrium complexation constants and the kinetics of reaction involved. The data obtained were found to be useful for process engineers to efficiently design reactive extraction process for the recovery of caproic acid by thorough understanding of the equilibrium characteristics. Also, the problem of toxicity in reactive extraction could be reduced by using the natural non-toxic diluents with the extractant.
Data in Brief, 2020
Caproic acid can be produced by fermentation technology. Reactive extraction method is a promising technology for separating the acid from the carboxylic mixture in the fermenter [1-4]. To achieve it, tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) is used as the reactive extractant and sunflower and soybean oils are used as the diluents. The performance of both the physical and reactive extraction processes was analysed by different parameters like distribution coefficient, loading ratio, and extraction efficiency. To meet the purpose, concentration of caproic acid in aqueous phase was measured by doing acid-base titration by caustic solution Further, reaction equilibrium constant, stoichiometry and distribution of complex, free acid and dimer concentrations in the organic phase were analysed. The data are related to the published (