Antioxidant potential of selected underutilized fruit crop species grown in Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Antioxidant Efficacy of Selected Underutilized Fruit Species Grown in Sri Lanka
Tropical Agricultural Research, 2021
The present study was carried out to determine the vitamin C content, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant efficacy and total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC) of twenty-one underutilized fruit species grown in Sri Lanka. Approximately 5 g of fruit homogenates was used to determine the vitamin C content while lyophilized aqueous extracts were used to perform in-vitro antioxidant assays. Folin-Ciocalteu's colorimetric assay was used to determine TPC. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylehydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'-azinobis-3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) total antioxidant activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine antioxidant efficacy of fruit extracts, while the pH differential method was used to determine TMAC. The highest TPC (104 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g on dry weight (DW) basis), reducing power (155 µmol of ferrous sulphate equivalents/g DW), and the lowest IC50 (0.0004 g of DW/mL) were recorded in Phyllanthus emblica and obtained the first rank in overall antioxidative properties among the tested fruit species. Fruits with the highest total antioxidant activity were Flacourtia indica, Morus alba, Phyllanthus emblica and Syzygium caryophyllatum. The highest TMAC was found in S. caryophyllatum (79 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)/g DW) and the lowest in Elaeocarpus. serratus (0.29 mg C3G/g DW). Results obtained in this study can be used as baseline data to carry out further research and formulation of food compositional tables. The underutilized fruit species tested could be used as sources of natural antioxidants in nutraceuticals and in novel food product development.
Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity Assays of Selected Fruits
Th e biologically active compounds, especially fruit phenolics, are responsible for reduced risk of developing chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, etc.), due to their antioxidant activities. Th is study summarized some chemical principles of antioxidant capacity assays and the antioxidant capacity of selected fruit varieties (strawberry, sour cherry, cornelian cherry, blackthorn). We determined the contents of total phenolics (TPC), total fl avonoids (TF), total non-fl avonoids (TNF) and total anthocyanins (TA) in selected fruits. Th e content of TPC, TF and TNF in fruits was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, while the TA content of extracts was determined by bisulphite bleaching method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of selected fruits were analyzed using 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS), 2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Cornelian cherry had the highest content of TPC, while sour cherry cv. Marasca had the highest content of TA. TAC was the highest in cornelian cherry fruits and decreased in other fruits as follow: sour cherry, blackthorn and strawberry. Th e fruit extracts had diff erent TAC in relation to the method applied, and the diff erent TAC of fruits can be ascribed to their TPC, TF, TNF or TA content. Th ere was a direct correlation between the TAC determined using DPPH and ORAC methods and the TA content of fruit extracts. Using FRAP method correlation was weaker, but using ABTS method correlation was not observed. Th e ripping correlation between TF or TNF and TAC was observed using ABTS and ORAC methods.
Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds of Selected Minor Indigenous Fruits in Bangladesh, 2021
Minor fruits may contain antinutrients, but there is no comprehensive primary data available in Bangladesh. As a result, the current research was carried out in order to collect data for a database of minor fruit composition. The antioxidant activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the total phenolic (TPH), vitamin C, total carotene, and s-carotene contents and antioxidant activity of selected minor fruits (RPA). High-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector and autosampler was used to analyse phenolic compounds. The findings revealed that minor fruits contain a variety of phytochemicals,, particularly TPH, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid (TF), s-carotene, total carotenoid (TC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC); values ranged, respectively, 0.23-176.50 mg GAE/g, 16.67-664.92 mg/100 g, 2.26-150.02 mg QE/100 g, 1.41-6897.57 µg/100 g, 1.26-98.24 mg/100 g and 1.15-47.46 mg/100 g. In the parameters antioxidant activity, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, reducing power capacity (RPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating capacity (MCC), nitric oxide (NO), and free radical scavenging activity, IC50 ranged 0.01-278.24 µg of ascorbic acid/mg of extract, 39.70-250.00%, 3.21-634.00%, 0.02-1817.88 µM Fe2SO4/100g, 22.29-210.43%, 0.02-70.50%, and 4.98-856.70 µg/g, respectively. Phenolic acids that have been found and quantified, leading examples were gallic acid (279.06 mg/100 g), vanilic acid (43.77 mg/100 g), Þ-courmaric acid (178.96 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (20.44 mg/100 g), and lutein (91.13 µg/100 g) in aonla, day fruit, elephant apple, and bilimbi. Furthermore, all of the minor fruits are high in bioactive, biochemical, and antioxidant compounds that could be used in therapeutic applications.
Study of Antioxidant Potential of Tropical Fruit
ijbbb.org
This research work was carried out to quantify the total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoides, vitamin C contents, reported as antioxidants, in the extracts of four locally available varieties of durian. Fruit was extracted using dichloromethane: pentane (1:1 v/v) and subjected to study the various quality parameters. The total phenolic contents from durian fruit extract, determined following the Folin-ciocalteu assay were found in the range of 690.62-998.29 mg/L, showing the significant inter-varietals variations. The total flavonoids and vitamin C contents from fruit extract were found in the range of 211.36-220.34 and 18.87-25.1 mg/L, respectively. Whereas, the total carotenoides contents of fruit extract were found in a low concentrations i.e. 0.05-0.08 mg/L. The statistical analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) variations in the total phenolic, carotenoides and vitamin C contents while non-significant (p > 0.05) variation in total flavonoids contents among different varieties of durian. Caffeic acid and quercetin were the dominant antioxidant substances found in durian. In conclusion, the bioactivity of ripe durian was high and the total polyphenols were the main contributors to the overall antioxidant capacity.
Antioxidant Potential of Some Under-Utilized Fruits
Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2011
To identify their potential sources extracts of some fruits and their different parts were studied for total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant (AOA) and free radical scavenging activities (FRSA). Phenols have profound importance due to their biological and free radical scavenging activities. The amount of TPC varied from 10.5 to 343.2 mg/g and AOA from 20.3 to 96.7%. Fruits of Caesalpinia mexicana, Acacia auriculiformis, fruit pericarp fibres of Cocus nucifera, and fruits of Emblica officinalis were found to have high TPC (73.1-343.2 mg/g) and high AOA (68.5-96.7%). Promising fruits were studied for their FRSA and reducing power (RP) measured by DPPH assay where the fruits of Caesalpinia mexicana, fruit pericarp fibres of Cocus nucifera, fruits of Emblica officinalis showed very low IC 50 ranging from 0.009 to 0.016 mg/ml, EC 50 from 0.39 to 0.70 mg/mg DPPH and reasonably high values (142.1-256.3) of anti radical power (ARP), indicating their strong FRSA and reducing power (RP) as evident by their low ASE/ml values (0.42-1.08). They also showed better inhibition of lipid peroxidation measured by using ferric thiocyanate assay and by using egg yolk compared to reference standard, quercetin. The ferrous and ferric ion chelating capacity of the promising fruits and their underutilized parts in terms of IC 50 varied from 0.12 (Emblica officinalis, fruits) to 2.44 mg/ml (Mangifera indica, Seed kernel) and 0.22 (Caesalpinia mexicana, fruits) to 2.59 mg/ml (Litchi chinensis, fruit peel) respectively. Fruit of Acacia auriculiformis, Caesalpinia mexicana, Emblica officinalis, fruit pericarp fibres of Cocus nucifera, were also assayed for their specific phenolic composition through HPLC where the amount of caffeic acid varied from 48.5 to 2231 µg/g, chlorogenic acid 63.8 to 912.1 µg/g, ellagic acid 46.4 to 1429.1 µg/g, ferulic acid 36.7 to 762.9 µg/g, gallic acid 181.6 to 2831.6 µg/g, protocatechuic acid 41.7 to 322.8 µg/g, and quercetin 44.6 to 367.6 µg/g.
Antioxidant Activities of Some Less Utilized Edible Fruits
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2017
Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of five less utilized fruits such as Aegle marmelos, Spondias pinnata, Limonia acidissima, Averhoa carambola, Crescentia cujete and was compared with Phyllanthus emblica, (Amla) well known for its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were correlated with antioxidant activities like 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Methods: The total phenolic of each fruit extract were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were estimated by Aluminum trichloride colourimetric method. The DPPH antioxidant assay, The FRAP assay and TAC were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The total phenolics were expressed as mg/100g Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/100 gm) and the total fl...
Screening of Selected Sri Lankan Seasonal Fruit Extracts for Total Antioxidant Activity in vitro
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2019
The present study aimed to determine the total polyphenol content and total antioxidant activities of ten selected seasonal fruit extracts grown in Sri Lanka. The aqueous refluxed fruit extracts (4h) were used at the initial concentration of 0.05 g/mL. The total polyphenol content was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing power) and TBA (thiobabituric acid assay) assays with L-ascorbic acid as the reference compound. The total polyphenol content of the fruit extracts varied from 0.81±0 to 17.54±0.50 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) per gram of dry weight. The antioxidant activities ranged in IC50 of 46.60±0.60 to 367.90 ± 4.90 μg/mL, 3.41±0.02 to 50.46±1.02 µM, 30.62±0.50 to 182.64±0.90 mg AAE (L-ascorbic acid equivalents) per gram of dry weight for DPPH, FRAP, TBA assays, respectively. All aqueous fruit extracts exert dose dependent in vitro antioxidant activit...
Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2017
The aim of present study was to ascertain the nutritional properties, phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant capacities of two wild edible fruits viz. Aporosa dioica (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. and Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. found in Assam of North-East India. Nutritional properties, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were investigated employing standard methods. Antioxidant properties were assessed following DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2, 2´-Azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. The results obtained in this study were presented and discussed. A. dioica fruit extract exhibited lower IC50 (DPPH, ABTS and H2O2) values in contrast to O. alismoides fruit extract indicating stronger antioxidant capacity in A. dioica fruit. Higher FRAP value of 106.583 ± 5.204 ?M trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry extract (DE) was fo...
Antioxidant properties of several tropical fruits: A comparative study
Food Chemistry, 2007
Nine tropical fruits were analyzed for total phenol contents, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities were evaluated based on the ability of the fruit extracts to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reduce iron(III) to iron (II) and to bind to iron(II) ions. The results were compared to those of orange. It was found that guava, papaya and star fruit have higher primary antioxidant potential, as measured by scavenging DPPH and iron(III) reducing assays. Banana, star fruit, water apple, langsat and papaya have higher secondary antioxidant potential as measured by the iron(II) chelating experiment.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME LESS UTILIZED EDIBLE FRUITS Original Article
Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of five less utilized fruits such as Aegle marmelos, Spondias pinnata, Limonia acidissima, Averhoa carambola, Crescentia cujete and was compared with Phyllanthus emblica, (Amla) well known for its antioxidant Methods: The total phenolic of each fruit extract were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were estimated by Aluminum trichloride colourimetric method. The DPPH antioxidant assay, The FRAP assay and TAC were determined spectrophotometrically. activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were correlated with antioxidant activities like 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results: The total phenolics were expressed as mg/100g Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/100 gm) and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg/100g Quercetin equivalent (mg QE/100 gm). TPC was found to be maximum in Spondias pinnata with 142.16 mg GAE/100 gm where as TFC was maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 91.1 mgQE/100 gm. DPPH radical scavenging activity was expressed n percentage(%), Conclusion: Spondias pinnata, an underutilized fruit, was found to be promising with antioxidant activities comparable to FRAP values expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent (AAE) and the total antioxidant activity was expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent. Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by Spondias pinnata (93.75%), FRAP values were maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 72.6 mg AAE/100 gm and total antioxidant capacity was found to be highest in Spondias pinnata (50.1 mg AAE/100 gm). Phyllanthus emblica.