The Greek influence on Arabic grammar (original) (raw)
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Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077), 2011
The study aims to provide a critical examination of the influence of concepts from Ancient Greek thinking on Arabic grammar. In order to determine whether and to what degree Arabic Grammar was influenced by ancient Greek, the researcher adopts a theoretical and analytical approach based on linguistic studies conducted by authors like J. Weiss, H. Fleisch, M.G. Carter and G. Troupeau. The study seeks to debunk or refute previous studies on the issue of alleged transmission of Greek grammatical concepts into Arabic grammar. In order to reach a balanced and objective judgment on this issue, the linguistic corpus and the historical background of transmission shall be analyzed.
2011
The purpose of the article is to reexamine the validity of the influence of Greek concept of thinking on the Arabic Language. Is it the case that influences which have been claimed by some intellectuals are concentrated on vocabulary, the linguistic corpus or the grammatical system of Arabic itself?
The Influence of Greek Philosophy on The Development of Arabic Grammar
This paper is intended to disclose the interrelationship between Greek philosophy with the development of nahwu. The research is based on literature data, and the collected data are classified and analyzed using the inductive and comparative method. The research results show that nahwu development is not apart from the influence of philosophy. The interconnection has occurred since the period of al-Muqaffa who has translated many works of Aristotle and Plato which al-Khalil makes as a reference in arranging nahwu principles. The influence of philosophy on nahwu can be identified in two things, which are in methodological and terminological aspects.
Refuting the Alleged Transmission of Greek Grammatical Concepts Into Arabic Grammar
The study aims to critically examine the influence of Ancient Greek grammatical thinking on Arabic grammar. In order to determine whether Arabic grammar was influenced by ancient Greek or not, and if so to what extent, the researcher adopts a theoretical and analytical approach based on linguistic studies conducted by authors such as J. Weiss, H. Fleisch, M.G.
THE CONTRASTING VIEWS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC GRAMMAR: A BRIEF ANALYSIS
There have been debates and discussions on the influence of Greek on Arabic. Modern historians such as Ahmad Amīn in his book Öuha al-Islām(1969) say that Hunain bin Ishāķ(260H/873A.D) ( J.Ruska,1980:134) went to Rome to learn Greek and then came back to Başrah to learn from Khalīl (Amīn Ahmād, 1978:v.1:313). This idea is strongly supported by Mustafa NaÐīf when he states that Khalīl was visited by Hunain to study Arabic (1978:vol.1:313). Modern historians believe that time were influenced by Greek civilization such as Bustānī, a learned man who was very competent in Greek, and Khalīl, who was influenced by Aristotle`s ideas especially on the concept of cause and effect ( Mahdī al-Makhzūmī,1986:68). Muşţafā Şadiq Raf‘ie says that al-harakāt in Arabic did not originate from Arabia but from Syria when it was governed by the Romans, who put some small harakāt when they read the Bible (Karl Brokelman, 1968:vol.1:105).
CONTRASTING VIEWS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC GRAMMAR: A BRIEF ANALYSIS
There have been debates and discussions on the influence of Greek on Arabic. Modern historians such as Ahmad Amīn in his book Öuha al-Islām(1969) say that Hunain bin Ishāķ(260H/873A.D) ( J.Ruska,1980:134) went to Rome to learn Greek and then came back to Başrah to learn from Khalīl (Amīn Ahmād, 1978:v.1:313). This idea is strongly supported by Mustafa NaÐīf when he states that Khalīl was visited by Hunain to study Arabic (1978:vol.1:313). Modern historians believe that time were influenced by Greek civilization such as Bustānī, a learned man who was very competent in Greek, and Khalīl, who was influenced by Aristotle`s ideas especially on the concept of cause and effect ( Mahdī al-Makhzūmī,1986:68). Muşţafā Şadiq Raf‘ie says that al-harakāt in Arabic did not originate from Arabia but from Syria when it was governed by the Romans, who put some small harakāt when they read the Bible (Karl Brokelman, 1968:vol.1:105).
THE CRITICS ON THE HISTORY OF ARABIC GRAMMAR
This study aims to critically examine IgnazGolziher’s allegations on the beginnings of Arabic linguistics. According to him, the Arabic short vowel symbols did not originate in the Arab world but were adopted from the Levant. The same he assumed in regard to the three different parts of speech, namely name (ism), verb (fiÑil), and particle (harf), which allegedly presupposed the knowledge of Aristotle’s De Interpretations falsely attributed to ÑAli (Karramallahuwajhah) . Goldziher explained this connection with the scholastic disputes occurring between the different theological schools in the first century AH, with special reference to the dogmatic differences between the Murji´ah and the Qadariyyah sects. Theological debates on various doctrines were held at the same time by Eastern Christians based on the teachings of John of Damascus. In the eyes of Goldziher, these debates – based on the assumption that since they occurred in the same century – they had to be related, and furthermore, St. John of Damascus must have borrowed his ideas from Aristotle. Since no Arabic sources speak of this connection, he raises his own suspicions, namely that Muslim sources refused to admit the borrowing of ideas from the Christians. This study serves the purpose of investigating his allegations in regard to the origin of Arabic grammar and syntax and of deciding the extent of his scholarly bias. The researcher adopts a theoretical and analytical approach based on linguistic studies. In order to arrive at a balanced judgment with regard to this conflict, the linguistic corpus, as well as the historical background of transmission is being analyzed.
Refuting The Alleged Transmission of Greek Grammatial Concepts Into Arabic Grammer
2009
The first contact of Greek and Arabic grammar was probably made in Alexandria (Egypt) and Antioch (Syria) since both cities were renowned Hellenistic centers of education and learning (CHM. Versteegh, 1977:1-2). However, not all historical scholars agree on this matter, and the question whether Arabic language and thought have been directly influenced by their ancient Greek counterpart is still debated. The modern historian Ahmad Amin in his book Ouha al-Islam (1969) mentions that the renowned linguist and translator Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (260H I 873 C.E.) a. Ruska, 1980:134) went to Rome to learn Greek and later returned to Basrah to learn from Khalil (Amin Ahmad, 1978: v.1:313). This idea is strongly supported by Mustafa Nazif who states that Khalil was visited by Hunayn to study Arabic (1978:vo1.1:313). Modern historians assert that in the ninth century C.E. Arabic scholarship was influenced by Greek science and thought. Bustani, for example, was known to be very competent in Greek, a...
The Role of Classical Arabic Grammarian in the Renewal of Arabic Syntax
2021
In the classical period, nahwu science books' work is not like the present one, which was more tiered in discussion and compiled in its study chapter. Sibawah's book (180 H.) titled Al-Kitab becomes the primary reference for nahwu in each generation. One effort to renew the work of nahwu after the Sibawaih era was Ibn Madha al-Qurthubi (596 H.) titled Ar-Rad 'ala an-Nuhat. This study aims to determine the extent of classical nuhat (Nahwu linguists) efforts to renew nahwu science in his book from various perspectives. This study is a qualitative research literature research with descriptive analysis in Ibn Madha's and Ar-Rad 'ala an-Nuhat book as research data. The reforms made by Ibn Madha include (1) eliminating 'amil inspired by Ibn Jinni, who considered the discussion of 'amil out of the discussion of language and irrationality; (2) eliminating illat; (3) rejecting qiyas; and (4) takwil in Arabic nahwu science. Ibn Madha's thought of renewing was influenced by the Madhhab Az-Zhahiriyah he followed and impacted his nahwa thoughts. It proves that ideological thinking influences its owner's rationality of the language thinking theory.