Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency Using Zeolites Minerals—A Review (original) (raw)
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Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
Innovative actions are needed to improve fertilizer efficiency due to the problem of the leaching of nutrients associated with conventional fertilizer. Thus, a study was carried out to compare the effect of urea fertilizer combined with zeolite (clinoptilolite) on Amaranthus gangeticus, Clinachantus nutans and Capsicum annuum by comparison with the commercial fertilizer composite (IMO-Plus). IMO-Plus is a mixed fertilizer containing organic compounds, zeolites, Effective Microorganisms (EM) and N, P and K nutrients. Zeolite was found to be an important holder to retain a nitrogen (N) source in urea for the fertilization process. Without zeolite, the utilization of nitrogen (N) in urea fertilizers by A. gangeticus, C. nutans and C. annuum are poor. The combination of zeolite and urea fertilizers enhanced growth of these three plants in a similar fashion to IMO-Plus, since they increased the plant height, dry weight of plants, total number of leaves, width, and length of leaf significantly compared to urea without zeolite. Therefore, it is important to add zeolite as one of the major elements in the fertilizer composite as a holder for the nutrients.
Zeolite and Urea Fertilizer in the Growth and Yield of Maize
Karo district is the center of the corn crop in northern Sumatera. Farmers use inorganic fertilizer on top recommendation, is not good for the soil, plants, and costs. Zeolite, alumino silicate compound hydrated the main elements: alkali cations, alkaline soil and have the property of absorbing, separator, catalisator, fixing soil and the efficiently of Urea. The purpose of this study were to understand zeolite, urea and interaction on the growth and yield of corn. The researchers use RAK factorial method, I zeolit: Z0 0 g/plot, Z1 105 g/plot, Z2 210 g/plot, Z3 315 g/plot. Z4 420 g/plot. II urea: U0 0 g/plant, U1 2,1 g/plant, U2 4,2 g/plant, U3 6,3 g/plant, U4 8,4 g/plant. The result shows that real zeolite affect plant height, leaf area, production and weight of 100 seeds, not unlike the stem diameter, number of leaves, number of cob. Urea real effect on plan height, leaf area, and production but did not differ on stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of 100 seeds and cobs line. So zeolite are 315 (Z3) and Urea 6.3 g/crop (U3), interaction (Z3U3).
Improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is necessary to reduce the entry of excess N into the environment and to retain N in the soil. Few studies have been done on dual-purpose slow-release fertilizers using urea and zinc (Zn). In this study, a new Zn-incorporated urea slow-release fertilizer with diatomite (DE) and nano diatomite (NDE) was synthesized by matrix-type formulation. The treatments included the following: C: control, U: urea, Zn: zinc sulfate, UZn: urea−Zn complex, UZn−DE: urea− Zn−diatomite, and UZn−NDE: urea−Zn−nano diatomite. The slow-release urea−Zn fertilizers (SRUZns) were characterized, and then the releasing behavior of these in the soil was monitored. A greenhouse study was carried out to check the agronomic effects of the maize (Zea mays L.). Instrumental analyses approved the binding of the UZn complex into DE and NDE. Usage of SRUZns leads to better retention of NH4 + relative to NO3 −. The nano diatomite was twice as effective as diatomite in NH4 + retention in soil. The cumulative losses of available Zn in the soil were the lowest upon UZn−NDE application. A pot study revealed that UZn fertilizers boosted crop growth in comparison to urea and zinc sulfate. N uptake increased 44.8% in the application of UZn−NDE compared to the U, and Zn uptake in soils supplied with the same treatment was 34.37% more than the ZnSO4 application. The NUE increased by about 50% in plants supplied by nano slow-release compared to U. The results showed that the dual-purpose SRUZns with slow-release behavior could be reflected as well-organized N and Zn fertilizers in agricultural and horticultural areas with minimal environmental effluence.
The Scientific World Journal, 2015
Improper use of urea may cause environmental pollution throughNH3volatilization andNO3-leaching from urea. Clinoptilolite zeolite and compost could be used to control N loss from urea by controllingNH4+andNO3-release from urea. Soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost on controllingNH4+andNO3-losses from urea. Bekenu Series soil (Typic Paleudults) was incubated for 30, 60, and 90 days. A soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days. Urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost significantly reducedNH4+andNO3-release from urea (soil incubation study) compared with urea alone, thus reducing leaching of these ions. Ammonium andNO3-leaching losses during the 30 days of the leaching experiment were highest in urea alone compared with urea with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost treatments. At 30 days of the leaching experiment,NH4+retention in soil with urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and...
2005
Zeolites have been used in agriculture since the 1960s, due to the effectiveness of these crystalline microporous solids as soil amendments for plant growth, their cation exchange capacity (CEC) and slow-release fertilizer properties. Most work on slow-release fertilizers has focused on natural Clinoptilolite, Phillipsite and Chabazite. The aim of this study was to synthesize zeolites, study their effectiveness as soil amendments and their ability to act as controlled release fertilizers to decrease nitrate leaching. Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a major agro-environmental concern. The zeolites Phillipsite and Linde-type F were synthesized from aluminosilicate gels; ion exchanged to introduce ammonium and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, both before and after ion exchange. Ammoniumexchanged Phillipsites (natural and synthetic), ammonium-exchanged synthetic Linde-type F (the zeolite having highest affinity towards ammonium) and ammonium exchanged Phillipsites (high crystalline and high aluminium) were compared with conventional NPK fertilizer. Three glasshouse experiments were performed to study the effects of zeolite-amended soils on maize growth. Ion exchanged synthetic and natural Phillipsites were first used as soil amendments (w/w 2, 4, 8% zeolite to soil). Synthetic Phillipsite, at 2% loading, resulted in the most significant improvement in both plant growth and phased ammonium release. The synthetic ammonium-exchanged zeolites Phillipsite and Linde-type F (at w/w 1, 2, 4%) were then compared; synthetic Phillipsite, at 2% loading, again resulted in the most significant plant growth response with an increase (≥15%) in shoot dry weight and a decrease (≥30%) in nitrate leaching. Experiments using unexchanged synthetic Phillipsite (at w/w 2%), but with added NPK fertilizer, showed increased plant growth and decreased nitrate leaching, compared with parallel experiments containing unexchanged synthetic Linde-type F (at w/w 2%) and a conventional fertilizer amended soil. This revealed the beneficial effect of Phillipsite for soil amendment, even without ion exchange to the ammonium form. To study the physico-chemical properties affecting the release of ammonium from the Phillipsite framework; high crystalline/low aluminium and low crystalline/high aluminium forms were synthesized and ion exchanged. Both forms were introduced as soil amendments (at w/w 1 and 2%) and experiments showed that the lower zeolite crystallinity decreased cation exchange and therefore decreased nitrate leaching. Experimental results from the glasshouse experiments and cation exchange capacity (CEC) experiments suggest that synthetic Phillipsite, at lower loadings (1 and 2% w/w zeolite to soil) have most potential as soil amendments for both plant growth and controlled-release applications. This conclusion is supported by soil leachate and shoots dry weight analysis. Furthermore, Phillipsite, synthesized in a low crystalline and low ammonium form, may be an even better soil amendment for controlled release of ammonium, which will thereby further decrease nitrate pollution.
Thescientificworldjournal, 2008
Problem Statement: Ammonia loss significantly reduces urea-N use efficiency in crop production. Efforts to reduce ammonia loss are laboratory oriented, as such limited in reflecting actual field conditions. This paper reports the effects of urea amended with triple superphosphate (TSP) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on soil pH, soil nitrate, soil exchangeable ammonium, dry matter production, N uptake, fresh cob production and urea-N uptake efficiency in maize (Zea mays) cultivation on an acid soil in actual field conditions. Approach: The treatments evaluated were: (i) Normal N, P, K application (74.34 g urea, 27.36 g TSP, 24.12 g KCl) (T1), (ii) Urea-TSP mixture (74.34 g urea+27.36 g TSP)+24.12 g KCl (T2), (iii) 74.34 g urea+27.36 g TSP+9.0 g zeolite (T3), (iv) 74.34 g urea+27.36 g TSP+13.5 g zeolite (T4) and (v) No fertilization (T5). Note, the same amount of 24.12 g KCl was used in T3 and T4 plots. Standard procedures were used to determine the selected chemical properties of zeolite, soil, TSP and urea. The pH of the urea, zeolite, soil and TSP were determined in a 1:2.5 soil: distilled water suspension and/or 0.01 N CaCl 2 using a glass electrode. The CEC of the zeolite was determined by the CsCl method. Soil CEC was determined by leaching with 1 N ammonium acetate buffer adjusted to pH 7.0 followed by steam distillation. Soil samples at harvest were analyzed for pH using the method previously outlined. Exchangeable ammonium and nitrate at harvest were extracted from the soil samples by the method of Keeney and Nelson and the amount determined using a LACHAT Autoanalyzer. Total N of the plant tissues (stem and leaf) was determined by the Micro-Kjeldhal method. Results: Urea amended with TSP and zeolite treatments and Urea only (urea without additives) did not have long term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate. Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop). All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop. In terms of urea-N uptake in the leaf and stem tissues of Swan, only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop. Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different. However, all the treatments with additives improved Urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment. Conclusion: Urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.
Zeolites Enhance Soil Health, Crop Productivity and Environmental Safety
Agronomy
In modern days, rapid urbanisation, climatic abnormalities, water scarcity and quality degradation vis-à-vis the increasing demand for food to feed the growing population necessitate a more efficient agriculture production system. In this context, farming with zeolites, hydrated naturally occurring aluminosilicates found in sedimentary rocks, which are ubiquitous and environment friendly, has attracted attention in the recent past owing to multidisciplinary benefits accrued from them in agricultural activities. The use of these minerals as soil ameliorants facilitates the improvement of soil’s physical and chemical properties as well as alleviates heavy metal toxicity. Additionally, natural and surface-modified zeolites have selectivity for major essential nutrients, including ammonium (NH4+), phosphate (PO42−), nitrate (NO3−), potassium (K+) and sulphate (SO42−), in their unique porous structure that reduces nutrient leaching. The slow-release nature of zeolites is also beneficial ...
Soil Use and Management, 2006
Ammonia losses from soil following fertilization with urea may be large. This laboratory study compared the effect of four different, urea-triple superphosphate (TSP)-humic acid-zeolite, mixtures on NH 3 loss, and soil ammonium and nitrate contents, with loss from surface-applied urea without additives. The soil was a sandy clay loam Typic Kandiudult (Bungor Series). The mixtures significantly reduced NH 3 loss by between 32 and 61% compared with straight urea (46% N) with larger reductions with higher rates of humic acid (0.75 and 1 g kg)1 of soil) and zeolite (0.75 and 1 g kg)1 of soil). All the mixtures of acidic P fertilizer, humic acid and zeolite with urea significantly increased soil NH 4 and NO 3 contents, increased soil-exchangeable Ca, K and Mg, and benefited the formation of NH 4 over NH 3 compared with urea without additives. The increase in soil-exchangeable cations, and temporary reduction of soil pH may have retarded urea hydrolysis in the microsite immediately around the fertilizer. It may be possible to improve the efficiency of urea surface-applied to high value crops by the addition of TSP, humic acid and zeolite.