Livestock Farmers’ Participation and Factors Affecting the Success of Animal Health Care Program in Hill Region (original) (raw)
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Animal health care and marketing input services in Turkana County: Policy implication
2019
This study was carried out in Turkana South Sub-County in Turkana County to obtain an insight into the constraints encountered by livestock keepers on animal health, livestock production, marketing and policy implication in the Arid and Semi-arid lands. Data were collected using a survey of 400 households, fifteen focus groups with livestock keepers, key informant interviews and a workshop. Frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse data. The results showed the major constraints to livestock production were diseases 42.75%, drought 23.75%, rustling 16.75%, invasion of Prosopis 9.25%, and lack of organized livestock markets 7.5%. In goats, priority livestock diseases were: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 52.75% and helminths 20%, mange 15%, and haemorrhagic septicaemia 12.25% while in sheep, the constraints included: helminth 59.25%, mange 24% and haemorrhagic septicaemia 16.75%. Camels: haemorrhagic septicaemia 53.5%, mange infestation 25.75%, camel cough 11.75% and camel pox 9%. Cattle: Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia 50.75%, anthrax 19%, mastitis 16.5% and lumpy skin disease 13.75%. Donkeys: faecal impaction 53.75%, tetanus 26.75% and anthrax 19.5 %. Constraints encountered while seeking animal health care were: Inadequate personnel 27.75%, poor infrastructure 24.25%, inaccessible livestock inputs 16.25%, illiteracy 14.75%, lack motivation for CAHWs 10% and insecurity 6.5%. While the key constraints hindering trade in livestock products were: poor infrastructure 42.75%, insecurity/banditry 21.75%, disease outbreak 15.25%, market brokers11% and lack of market information 9.25%. It is recommended that the key constraints limiting animal health care, and trade in livestock products could best be addressed through County government policy framework that establishes strategic partnerships
This study analysed the determinants of small ruminant farmers’ participation in veterinary services in northern Ghana. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data on 249 farm households in different locations in northern Ghana. Analytical tools including frequencies, means and logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The regression analysis indicates a positive relationship between participation in veterinary services and sex of household head (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), household income level (P<0.05), herd size (p<0.05), and affordability of veterinary service (P<0.01). In addition, the study shows that diseases and pests menace, insufficient veterinary offices and animal health professionals were the major three constraints affecting animal health management in northern Ghana. In order to improve quality delivery of veterinary service in the area, the result of the logistic model provides a guideline to select farm households for implementation of veterinary extension programs in the region. Such guideline should be based on the important socio-economic and farm-related variables identified from the regression analysis. Furthermore, sustainable livestock production can be enhanced when animal health centers and professionals are made visible at local farming communities. Therefore, policies that provide an enabling environment for more private veterinary practice is relevant. More so, more qualified animal health professionals need to be trained to commensurate with the increasing number of livestock smallholders in the country.
Survey of Goat Farmers' Compliance on Proper Herd Health Program Practices
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2015
Good herd health management is a practice aimed to prevent the development and spread of diseases and reduce economic losses in farms. There is paucity of information with regards to farmers' compliance on proper Herd Health Program (HHP) practiced by small ruminant farms in Malaysia. This survey was conducted to study farmers' compliance on HHP practiced using selected goat farms (n=6) under the Ladang Angkat Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UPM. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the Skim Amalan Ladang Ternakan (SALT) by the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) of Malaysia. The scores were given in percentages according to the farmers' knowledge and practice on every component of the HHP. All the farms surveyed were managed under intensive system mainly for meat production. Most farmers (83.3%) were aware of the existence of the herd health program. Farmers (n=6) scored 56±7% for overall HHP practice with maximum score on waste management (75%), followed by environmental management (73%), parasite control program (70%), biosecurity (67%), feeding management (59%), drug management (59%), disease monitoring program (54%), reproductive management (48%) and the least compliance was for vaccination program (40%). None of the farmers practiced the vaccination program in their farms. However, all farmers were willing to invest money for herd health program that guarantee long term profitability in the future. In conclusion, more attention and exposure need to be given on the HHP components that are less complied w i t h by the farmers without neglecting the other components for future development of improved herd health programs.
Tanzania Veterinary Journal, 2018
Currently 1.4 million cattle are at risk of East Coast Fever out of approximately 3 million in Zambia. A cross sectional study was carried out in Mazabuka district of Zambia from July to September 2015, to assess participation and factors affecting cattle farmers participation in ECF immunisation by the infection and treatment method. The study involved 224 randomly selected small scale cattle farmers from three veterinary camps in Mazabuka who participated in the second round of 2015 immunisation campaign. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to consented farmers to seek information about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge and experience in cattle rearing, herd characteristics, management and perceived benefits, costs and challenges of ECF immunisation. Data on immunisation statistics, schedules, coverage, adequacy, vaccine delivery, successes and challenges were collected from the district veterinary office and the Central Veterinary Research Institute covering the period between the years 2008 to 2014. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and proportions were computed to establish immunization coverage, participation trend and socio-demographic parameters of cattle farmers. Fischer exact test was used to assess associations between variables at 5% significance level. Logistic regression was run using R software to assess influence of different factors on willingness of farmers to participate in immunization campaign. Majority of participants were males (94%), had secondary education (49.1%), more than five year experience of keeping cattle (89.3%) and depended on sources other than cattle for their livelihood (47.3%). From 2008 to 2014 vaccination coverage was on average 65% of the target per annum and 97% of the participants appreciated reduction in cattle mortality post immunisation. Willingness to participate in immunisation campaign was influenced by education level (secondary education: OR=27, 95% CI: 2.29-352.71), satisfaction with immunisation service (OR=5.14, 95% CI: 1.04-24.64) and experience of post-immunisation mortality reduction (OR=7.33, 95% CI: 1.26-44.00). Improvement in service delivery quality and monitoring of post immunisation outcome can lead to increased participation of farmers in immunisation campaigns.
Participation of Small Farmers in Animal Health Programmes
2008
Small farmers own 85% of the world's farms and their participation in animal health programmes is crucial if programmes are to achieve their goals. A questionnaire was sent to the Veterinary Authorities of OIE 3 Members. The results showed that the majority (median 90%) of livestock farms are considered small. Veterinary Authorities believed that small farmers contribute to the livestock economy, but are a major weak point to national biosecurity. Small farmers' animal health needs were seen as higher, but their available capacity to address these needs was lower than larger farmers. Although the majority of countries did not disaggregate data by farm size, most respondents believed that publicly funded projects should be reviewed for size bias, and that small farmers' associations should have a role in guiding animal health policies. In the majority of countries, small farmers have a role in all aspects of control of priority and non-priority diseases. In one third of countries that responded, they have a role in extension, and in a few countries are even involved in veterinary drug importation and sale. Community animal health workers (CAHWs), who are usually small farmers selected by their community and trained as service providers on selected animal health activities, are emerging as important providers of services in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Officially mandated disease prevention and control programmes focus mainly on the diseases of cattle, and are hence less relevant to small farmers. Small farmers directly provide information used for surveillance in most countries, and provide more than 80% of such information in some countries. Veterinary Authorities had a positive attitude towards the role of small farmers in surveillance, with most agreeing that small farmers had useful knowledge, could identify common diseases and had a lot of trust in their national veterinary services. Respondents considered extension by veterinarians, radio and community meetings to be the most highly effective way of reaching small farmers. The majority of Veterinary Authorities (79%) felt that the role of small farmers in animal health should increase, and suggested that this could be done through capacity building, programmatic change and organisation of farmers. Ninety per cent of respondents believed that the OIE should do more to involve small farmers in animal health. Respondents felt that the highest priority action to increase the role of small farmers in animal health is additional funding, followed by improved communication, and thirdly by new standards. The results suggest that a review of international standards, definitions and guidelines with the aim of encouraging small farmer participation is appropriate. The diversity of views, often statistically significant between regions, suggests that the principle of equivalence should be applied in developing methods tailored to the local context to enhance the involvement and level of service provided to small farmers.
Assessment of animal health and production constraints: The case of three districts
journal , 2022
Background: Animal production is an important tool for improving the living standard of humans and is the backbone of Ethiopia's agricultural development. The country is known for its high livestock potential, but it is not well exploited due to various hindering factors. Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the key issues related to animal health and production. Methods: The evaluation was carried out in three purposively selected districts of East Wollega zone, namely Gidda Ayana, Sibu Sire and Jimma Arjo by using well-designed and structured questionnaire surveys. Result: During the study period, 200, 145 and 165 respondents were sampled from the animal owners in the districts of Gidda Ayana, Sibu Sire and Jimma Arjo, respectively. Of these, about 97.89%, 95.68% and 94.9% practice extensive management in Gidda Ayana, Jimma Arjo and Sibu Sire, respectively. The majority of respondents in Gidda Ayana (98.1%), Jimma Arjo (97.21%) and Sibu Sire (98.9%) use natural pastures. For cattle breeding, uncontrolled natural mating is used in Gidda Ayana (90.79%), Jimma Arjo (86.3%) and Sibu Sire (95.69%). The major constraints of animal health and production were also assessed. Accordingly, a lack of access to adequate animal production and health expert in Gidda Ayana (27.33%), Jimma Arjo (29.36%) and Sibu Sire (31.59%) was recorded, whereas the lack of sustainable and structured modern livestock market was observed in Gidda Ayana (25.94%), Jimma Arjo (21.31%) and Sibu Sire (19.80%). Conclusion and recommendations: Livestock need improved animal health, management systems and breeding methods. The study revealed key issues related to animal health and production, such as poor management systems and breeding methods, limited coverage of veterinary services and a modern livestock market. Thus, it is indispensable to increase the coverage of veterinary services, animal extension services and alternative sources of animal feed.