Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran (original) (raw)
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Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in the Iranian population
Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2011
As one of the most common neurological disorders, restless legs syndrome (RLS) is generally underdiagnosed and undertreated. Considering the lack of knowledge regarding the worldwide epidemiology of this common neurological disorder, we carried out a study to estimate the distribution of RLS in Isfahan, a city in the center of Iran. During the one-month period from 8 August 2007 to 8 September 2007, patients older than 18 years referred to eight neurology clinics were asked to fill out two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was derived from the diagnostic criteria for RLS outlined by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG). The second covered sociodemographic conditions and some other parameters concerning the clinical characteristics of RLS. Of the 2099 responding patients, 168 (8.00%) fulfilled all four IRLSSG diagnostic criteria for RLS. Their mean age was 43.4 Ϯ 16.63 SD and the prevalence in women (69.64%) was higher than in men (30.36%), with a female-to-male ratio of 1.75. We estimated the RLS prevalence to be 8% in the population of patients referred to the neurology clinics. Moreover, the sex-specific prevalence was 9.06% in females and 5.75% in males, results identical to previous observations in western countries.
Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of Community Health Research, 2020
Introduction: In recent years, different values of the general prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been reported in various studies and its related factors in Iranian society are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with RLS in Iran by meta-analysis. Methods: This study was performed based on the PRISMA checklist. There was a time limit from July 1, 2014, to November 11, 2019, for documents obtained from English and Persian databases such as MagIran, SID, MedLib, IranMedex, IranDoc, Civilica, Islamic Science Citation (ISC), Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random- effects model. Results: The prevalence of RLS was estimated to be 32.9% (95% CI: 22.9- 44.7) in 24 studies with 26474 Iranian subjects that 65.9% of whom were women. The prevalence of this disorder was 47.6% in Iranian women (95...
Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis
2016
Background and Objective : Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that causes sleep deprivation. RLS is characterized by discomfort in the legs and severe desire to move them during sleep. Different prevalence rates about RLS are reported in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of RLS in Iran. Materials and Methods : By searching the national and international databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, IranMedex, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus, 30 articles published between 2005 and 2014 were found. The results of the studies were combined using the random-effects model in the meta-analysis. Heterogenei-ty among studies was assessed using the I2 index and P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.2. Results : In studied articles, 8459 participants were entered into meta-analysis and the prevalence ...
Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: A synthesis of the literature
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2012
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has gained considerable attention in the recent years: nearly 50 community-based studies have been published in the last decade around the world. The development of strict diagnostic criteria in 1995 and their revision in 2003 helped to stimulate research interest on this syndrome. In community-based surveys, RLS has been studied as: 1) a symptom only, 2) a set of symptoms meeting minimal diagnostic criteria of the international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG), 3) meeting minimal criteria accompanied with a specific frequency and/or severity, and 4) a differential diagnosis. In the first case, prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 9.4% to 15%. In the second case, prevalence ranged from 3.9% to 14.3%. When frequency/severity is added, prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 7.9% and when differential diagnosis is applied prevalence estimates are between 1.9% and 4.6%. In all instances, RLS prevalence is higher in women than in men. It also increases with age in European and North American countries but not in Asian countries. Symptoms of anxiety and depression have been consistently associated with RLS. Overall, individuals with RLS have a poorer health than non-RLS but evidence for specific disease associations is mixed. Future epidemiological studies should focus on systematically adding frequency and severity in the definition of the syndrome in order to minimize the inclusion of cases mimicking RLS.
Neurology India, 2009
Background: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) has negative effects on the quality of life of the patients. Epidemiological studies on RLS are limited. Aim: To determine the prevalence of RLS among people aged 40 years and above in Orhangazi district of Bursa, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out between 2004 and 2005. This population-based study was conducted in two phases. In the phase 1, residents conducted door-to-door interviews using a short questionnaire to determine the possible cases of RLS. In the phase 2, physicians ascertained the suspected cases of RLS. Diagnosis of RLS was made using the criteria proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) and also the rating scale for RLS. Results: Out of 1, 256 subjects screened in phase 1, 1,124 (89.6%) were included in the study. Also, 161 cases with suspected symptoms of RLS were detected in phase 1, 49 of the suspected cases could not be evaluated in phase 2. A diagnosis of RLS was also made in 60 cases during phase 2. Conclusions: We defined the prevalence of RLS as 9.71% among 40 years of age and older population. The prevalence of RLS did not differ by age and was 2.6 times more in women. None of the patients were diagnosed as RLS sought medical care for the symptoms, possibly due to lack of knowledge of patients and physicians about RLS. Prevalence studies help to provide knowledge on morbidity, which is essential for diagnosis and early treatment.
Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Journal of sleep sciences, 2016
Background and Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that causes sleep deprivation. RLS is characterized by discomfort in the legs and severe desire to move them during sleep. Different prevalence rates about RLS are reported in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of RLS in Iran. Materials and Methods: By searching the national and international databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, IranMedex, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus, 30 articles published between 2005 and 2014 were found. The results of the studies were combined using the random-effects model in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I2 index and P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.2. Results: In studied articles, 8459 participants were entered into meta-analysis and the prevalence of RLS was estimated as 30% (95% CI: 24%-36%). According to the meta-regression diagram, the prevalence of RLS decreased by increasing the sample size and the year of study, indicated possible rising of the prevalence, but these changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of RLS in patients with kidney disease (45%; 95% confidence interval: 33% to 57%), patients with diabetes (35%; 95% confidence interval: 22% to 49%), and patients with neurological disease (33%; 95% confidence interval: 10% to 57%) was more than other groups. Conclusion: Given the high estimated prevalence of RLS in this study, it is recommended to identify at-risk individuals and provide educational materials for them.
Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: The current status
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2006
Epidemiological studies in restless legs syndrome (RLS) have often been limited by misdiagnosis and by the fact that affected individuals, even when their symptoms are severe, might not seek medical care. Some of these limitations have been overcome in the last years as population studies based on face to face interviews have been carried out with new standardized diagnostic criteria. According to these studies, and in contrast to earlier views, RLS has been shown to be a common disorder with prevalences ranging between 2.5 and 10% of the population. Although few studies performed outside Europe/North America have shown a low prevalence, a number of methodological issues have been raised that might question these results.
The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in adult Saudis attending primary health care
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: This study assessed the prevalence and severity of restless leg syndrome (RLS) among patients attending primary health care (PHC) facilities. Methods: We interviewed 1303 consecutive patients attending PHC face-to-face using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. We assessed the severity of RLS using the IRLSSG severity scale for RLS. Results: The prevalence of RLS in our sample was 5.2% and was highest among participants between 45 and 60 years of age. The overall prevalence was roughly equal between males and females; however, RLS was more prevalent in females older than 45 years compared to males in the same age group. Eight participants (11.8%) reported mild symptoms, 29 (42.6%) moderate, 29 (42.6%) severe, and 2 (2.9%) very severe. None of the participants had been diagnosed or treated for RLS. Conclusion: Restless leg syndrome is common among Saudis (Arabs). Our study supports the findings of reports in other countries demonstrating that primary care physicians do not often recognize RLS.
Sleep Medicine, 2005
Background and Purpose: To estimate prevalence and severity (using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS)) and to identify risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Patients and Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study; 2005 randomly selected adults 18 years and above participated in a telephone interview in Norway and Denmark, employing the next-birthday technique. Results: Of the cross-section, 11.5% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RLS. Half of these reported the symptoms as moderate to very severe. Mean duration of the complaint was 10 years. Prevalence was higher in females than in males (13.4 vs 9.4%) and lowest in the youngest age group (18-29 years, 6.3%). From 30 years and above, no clear age-related difference was seen. Main predictors of RLS were insomnia (odds ratios: 1.71-3.16) and symptoms of periodic limb movements in sleep (3.20-7.85). The response rate was 47%, making the results less reliable. Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a high occurrence of RLS among adults. Main predictors are insomnia and periodic limb movements in sleep. q