Hybrid green organic/inorganic filler polypropylene composites: Morphological study and mechanical performance investigations (original) (raw)
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Journal of Physics: Conf. Series , 2018
This study focuses on improvement of mechanical and physical properties of polypropylene (PP) composite using filler, modifier and jute fiber as reinforcement. Rice husk ash (RHA), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and jute fiber were used as filler, modifier, and reinforcement in the PP matrix, respectively. A series of test specimens were using various compositions of PP, fillers, modifiers, and reinforcement. Materials were mixed using two roll mixing machine, and specimens were prepared using injection molding machine. The specimens were evaluated on the basis of mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break) and Physical (water absorption) properties. Effect of RHA was assessed on the basis of mechanical properties. Surface property of the PP composites was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The water absorption property of composites with various compositions was investigated. Further attempts had been made to optimize the three process parameters (RHA, LDPE, jute fiber) in the PP composite with respect to its tensile strength. The optimum parameters for the PP composite were found to be 10 wt% RHA, 10 wt% LDPE and 25 wt% jute reinforcement, respectively in the PP matrix.
Composites based on polypropylene modified with natural fillers to increase stiffness
Czasopismo Techniczne, 2019
Composites based on a polypropylene matrix with coffee ground powder, wood flour and tuff of a mass weight of 12.5wt% were produced by the method of injection moulding. Tests of tensile and bending strength properties were carried out and Charpy impact was determined at three temperatures:-24°C, 22°C and 80°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to assess the effects of reinforcement and homogenization of mixtures and to determine the characteristics of the microstructure. Composites with 12.5wt% coffee ground powder, wood flour and tuff were characterized by an increase the elastic modulus. Tensile strength slightly decreased for composites with ground coffee grains and tuff.
Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 2014
Inorganic fillers such as CaCO 3 and clays are widely used as fillers to improve the mechanical and physical properties of polypropylene (PP). With the aim of improving simultaneously the stiffness and yield stress of PP, hybrid nanocomposites comprising PP/CaCO 3 /clay (montmorillonite) were prepared and their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated and compared with those of PP/CaCO 3 and PP/clay composites. Morphological characterizations of the composites were performed by SEM and XRD analyses. The results showed exfoliated clay in the hybrid composite with a much higher degree than in PP/ clay composite. Increase in modulus and yield stress and better thermal stability was attained for hybrid composites as a result of the clay exfoliation. The toughening effect of two different types of CaCO 3 particles was also observed in hybrid composites, where an effective enhancement of the mechanical and thermal properties were achieved depending on the origin, specific area, particle and pore size of the CaCO 3 used.
Mechanical and optimization studies of polypropylene hybrid biocomposites
Scientific Reports, 2022
Towards developing a polymeric matrix characterized by high strength to cost ratio, polypropylene (PP) was hybridized with low-cost particulate snail shell (PSS) and kenaf fiber (KF) via compression moulding at 180 °C and 0.2 MPa. The developed composites were grouped into three and labeled as mix 2, 4, and 10. Each group entailed the blend of 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% KF with 2, 4, 10 wt% PSS respectively. From the results, it is observed that the hardness value was enhanced by the blend of 5 to 30 wt% KF and 2, 4, and 10 wt% PSS. However, 2 wt% PSS mix with 5 to 30 wt% KF resulted in progressive improvement in impact, compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths values. The 4 wt% PSS yielded consecutive increase in impact, compressive and flexural strength when combined with 5 and 10 wt% KF. However, it was observed that subsequent addition of 20 and 30 wt% KF led to a marginal reduction in the strength values. The tensile strength attained optimum value when 4 wt% PSS was commixed wi...
Eggshell, a new bio-filler for polypropylene composites
Materials Letters, 2007
Chicken eggshell (ES) is an industrial byproduct containing 95% calcium carbonate, and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. Different proportions of chicken eggshell as bio-filler for polypropylene (PP) composite were compared with different particle sizes and proportions of commercial talc and calcium carbonate fillers by tensile test. The Young's modulus (E) was improved with the increment of ES content, and this bio-filler was better than all types of carbonate fillers with different particle sizes used in this study. Although ES composites showed lower E values than talc composites, talc filler could be replaced by up to 75% with ES while maintaining a similar stiffness and E compared to the talc composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed an improved interfacial bonding on the tensile fractured surface. The improvement in the mechanical properties was attributed to a better ES/matrix interface related to the geometric ratio of the ES particles similar to talc particles.
Improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with coconut shell particles
Composites and Advanced Materials, 2021
Conventional inorganic fillers are widely used as fillers for polymer-based composites. Though, their processing difficulties and cost have demanded the quest for credible alternatives of organic origin like coconut shell fillers. Dried shells of coconut were burnt, ground, and sifted to sizes of 63, 150, 300, and 425 µm. The ground coconut shell particles (CSP) were used as a filler to prepare polypropylene (PP) composites at filler contents of 0% to 40% via injection melt blending process to produce PP composite sheets. The effect of the filler particle size on the mechanical properties was investigated. The decrease in the size of filler (CSP) was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of PP by 8.5 MPa, 15.75 MPa, 1.72 GPa, 7.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 10.5 HR for 63 µm at 40%, respectively. However, the elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the PP composites were seen to increase with increase...
Performance of Polypropylene Composites: Impact of Coupling Agent and Waste Filler Content
International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering, 2024
The present investigation aims to investigate the physico-mechanical properties of waste filler-polypropylene composites concerning the compatibilizer concentrations and the industrial waste filler mixing ratio. Three different levels of coupling agent concentration and four different waste filler to polypropylene mixing ratios were used in the experiment to examine the composite's physico-mechanical characteristics. The expected result was that while the melt flow index decreased, the composite density increased as waste filler content did. The addition of waste filler enhanced the thickness swelling of composites slightly when compared to control specimens. The tensile properties of composites significantly improved as the mixture's filler content rose. Specifically, the tensile modulus rose as the amount of filler rose. Similar trends were seen in flexural strength and modulus as well as tensile properties. The notched and unnotched Izod impact strength is decreased by the inclusion of filler. The tensile and flexural properties of the coupling agent-added specimens were much better than those of the control specimens (without any coupling agent). The coupling agent's large molecular weight significantly enhanced the composites' tensile and flexural properties. Overall, the findings point to the possibility of using industrial waste as a practical filler to add reinforcement to polypropylene composites.
DYNA, 2018
In this work, a development of composites of polypropylene [PP] with mineral fillers [M] of talc and calcium carbonate [CaCO3] by co-extrusion and injection techniques were carried out. In the preparation of the mixtures, was used the rheometric analysis to define the optimum temperature of the extrusion process, and a weight ratio of 80:20 PP: fillers was maintained, while for the injection molding process six generations of PP and its compounds were obtained to study the rheological, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of the new series of PPnM composites formed from a recycled matrix and the PPMn series reprocessed compounds for up to six cycles. The results allowed correlating the changes due to the thermal history and the influence of adding the mineral fillers. The mechanical characterization in the reprocessed matrix indicated a 6.0% decrease in tensile strength and an increase in flexural strength of 9.9%. Likewise, the compounds showed an increase in tensile st...
Investigations on Tensile Properties of Waste Fillers Reinforced Composites
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2012
In this study, low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix composites were manufactured with the ratios of 20%, 30% and 40%wt hazelnut and peanut reinforcements as the natural fibers. Composite plates were manufactured by using a single screw extruder. Various tests and measurements are performed to obtain mechanical properties such as density, tensile strength (TS), Young's modulus (YM), failure strain (FS), impact strength (IS) etc. as well as the effect of maleic anhydride grafted resin as an additive with different ratios was investigated and the optimum composite content was obtained. This preliminary work showed that hazelnut and peanut fillers could be utilized with proper additives in order to produce the composite materials with good physical and mechanical properties.
Joining behavior of polymeric composites fabricated using agricultural waste as fillers
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
The joining feasibility of natural fillers (wheat husk, rice husk and coir fiber) reinforced polymer composites has been studied. The different types of joints, i.e. adhesive joint (with and without hole), mechanically fastened, as well as hybrid joints (adhesive with riveting) have been analyzed in terms of their mechanical properties. The adhesive joints were found comparatively better in strength than adhesive joints with drilled hole. Anchorage effect of adhesive was found negligible in the drilled hole joint, and the joint failed at lower load due to the increase in stress concentration near the hole edge. At the same time, mechanical joining requires drilling of holes, which is still a challenging task in glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites. The mechanical properties of the hybrid joints were found similar to adhesively bonded composites, but extension at the break in the hybrid joints was found higher than adhesively bonded joint (without hole).