Beltwide Cotton Quality Before and After Lint Cleaning (original) (raw)
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2235 BELTWIDE COTTON QUALITY STUDY
2000
A two year, belt-wide commercial cotton gin sampling project was initiated in 2005 for the 2005-06 and 2006-07 ginning seasons to assess the changes in upland cotton quality throughout the ginning process and the ginning season with the ultimate goal of identifying areas where improvements can be made in preservation of fiber quality. This report discusses analysis of the first year data. Overall fiber properties after one stage of lint cleaning were typical of U.S. cotton. In order to compare quality of fiber in seed-cotton samples with ginned lint samples from a commercial gin, hand ginning to lab ginning relationships were developed and used to correct the fiber quality data for lab ginned seed-cotton samples to near pre-ginning values. Trash content analyses showed that cleaning machines typically reduced foreign matter content per lint basis from as high as 50% at the module to about 4% at the lint slide. Short fiber content (SFC) values after ginning were double those at the feeder and increased at a lesser rate with lint cleaning. Nep counts were nearly tripled by the gin stand, then increased steadily as the lint passed through the first and second stage of lint cleaning, but the increases associated with the lint cleaners was much less than that at the gin stand. Length measurements also decreased due to processing. More in-depth data analyses will continue after the 2 nd year data are complete. This future work will focus on within-ginning process changes, changes as the ginning season progressed, interactions among fiber properties (i.e. SFC and micronaire or neps and length), and effects of cleaning.
2018
This study of the effects of the use of lint cleaners at cotton gins on market value, fiber properties and spinning performance of fibers is one of a series conducted by the Department of Agriculture during the past decade. The study was developed jointly by Economic Research Service, Agricultural Marketing Service, and Agricultural Research Service in cooperation with the National Cotton Council, gin machinery manufacturers, ginners, and producers. Results of related studies are given in the following reports:
Influence of Harvesting and Gin Cleaning Practices on Southern High Plains Cotton Quality
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2012
Southern High Plains cotton has improved over the last ten years with regard to yield and fiber length and strength. In light of increased adoption of picker harvesting to preserve fiber quality and improve harvest productivity, ginning practices are needed which preserve fiber quality and maximize return to the producer. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of harvest method, number of seed-cotton extractor cleaners (e.g. stick machines), and seed-cotton cleaning rate on foreign matter content, lint value, and fiber and yarn quality of cotton produced in the Southern High Plains. Compared to using only one stick machine, the use of two stick machines in the seed-cotton cleaning system removed more foreign material from both picker-and stripper-harvested cotton, but more foreign material was removed by the stick machines from stripper-harvested cotton because it had higher initial foreign matter content. Seed-cotton cleaning rate had no influence on stick machine cleaning performance for picked cotton but higher cleaning rates reduced stick machine cleaning performance for stripper-harvested cotton. Picker-harvested cotton exhibited improved HVI and AFIS fiber quality and higher bale values compared to stripper-harvested cotton. The use of two stick machines improved fiber color properties and reduced lint foreign matter content. Seed-cotton cleaning rate had a minimal effect on fiber quality and bale value was not influenced by the number of stick machines or seed-cotton cleaning rate. Total lint value, on a production area basis, was higher for stripper-harvested cotton after both lint cleaners compared to picker-harvested cotton due to yield differences. Yarn imperfections were reduced for ring spun yarn produced from picker-harvested cotton processed through one stick machine at the high cleaning rate. The findings of this work support a recommendation for using one stick machine in seed-cotton cleaning systems processing picker-harvested cotton and two stick machines in systems processing stripper-harvested cotton.
Effects of harvesting and ginning practices on Southern High Plains cotton: textile quality
Textile Research Journal, 2019
The impact of the harvesting method, as well as the ginning method (saw or high-speed roller ginning), on textile quality was studied over three years of cotton production in the Southern High Plains. The Southern High Plains region is the largest cotton production area of the USA. The Southern High Plains and the Texas Gulf Coast are the only areas of the USA where brush-roll stripper harvesting is common, alongside traditional spindle picker machine harvesting. Different harvesting methods lead to differences in micronaire, maturity, length distribution, color and non-lint content within the bale. Ginning differences were primarily found to be length and length distribution related. Lint was processed into rotor-spun, carded ring-spun and combed ring-spun medium count yarns to determine the impacts of harvesting and ginning methods on textile product quality. Rotor spinning produced comparable quality yarns regardless of harvest or ginning method, while carded ring-spun yarns show...
Influence of Seed Cotton Extractor Cleaners and Cleaning Rate on Gin Turnout and Fiber Quality
2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011, 2011
The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), and its printing and distribution does not constitute an endorsement of views which may be expressed. Technical presentations are not subject to the formal peer review process by ASABE editorial committees; therefore, they are not to be presented as refereed publications.
Neps, seed-coat fragments, and non-seed impurities in processed cotton
Journal of Cotton Science
Much research has been done to identify the origin of non-dyeing fibers in textiles. Cotton contaminants that could appear as white and lightcolored specks in dyed textiles and fabrics are a source of great concern for the textile industry. There is experimental evidence that mechanical processing procedures contribute to the presence of defects in cotton. Deltapine (DPL) 50 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) samples from four different ginning (cage, saw) and lint-cleaning (zero, one) combinations were microscopically examined (i) to study the presence of neps (clumps of immature fibers), seed-coat fragments, and nonseed impurities in processed cotton and (ii) to analyze how effectively specific fiber-processing steps reduce or remove impurities from cotton samples. Neps were the major source of impurities, followed by seed-coat fragments and non-seed impurities in all four gin-type/lint-cleaning combinations. The numbers of neps detected with microscopy were higher than the numbers obtained using the AFIS (Advanced Fiber Information System) test method. Microscopic images demonstrate the distinct differences in size and appearance between neps observed in cage-ginned versus saw-ginned lint. These differences in size were not reflected in the AFIS data. We found that carding significantly reduced neps in cageginned/zero-lint cleaned cotton. Overall (from lint to combed finisher), combing significantly decreased most types of impurities in each of the four gin-type/lint-cleaning combinations.
Variability of cotton fiber quality in West Texas
2004
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability in measures of cotton fiber quality. This study was conducted in a 98-acre field near Plainview, Texas in 2001 and 2002. Seed cotton samples were collected from the field (with GPS locations), ginned, and analyzed for micronaire, length, strength, and uniformity using HVI. Commercial HVI classing results from the bales produced in the same field were compared to the field sample testing results. Both types of results showed that micronaire and short fiber index exhibited the greatest variability, while Uniformity Index showed the lowest variability. Results of fiber quality testing from the samples collected in the field and from the commercial bales were nearly identical, showing that our sampling methodology effectively represented the field. Nevertheless, results from our sampling method also provided information about the fiber quality spatial distribution in the field, which potentially provides opportunities to improve the fiber qualities using site-specific crop management techniques.
Multidimensional Quality Attributes and Input Use in Cotton
2010
This paper uses an ordered logit model to examine the relationship between lint attributes and water and nitrogen inputs in cotton production. The ordered logit model is used because lint attributes are valued by grade and best defined as ordered categorical variables. Our data were obtained from a three-year experiment in a 48-ha center pivot field in a terminated-rye conservation tillage cotton system in Lemesa, Texas. We found that irrigation can increase the chance that lint has better elongation and color but, on the other hand, reduce the chance that lint has better micronaire and length attributes. Nitrogen was found to increase the chance of improved length and degraded color in cotton lint. Introduction Most domestic cotton producers sell cotton on the basis of a class card, or officially, the Smith-Doxey classification system. Each producer's cotton is graded by USDA employees who examine a sample from each bale and assign values by quality attributes (USDA, 1980). A s...