Effects of diet and/or exercise on the adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (original) (raw)

2005, Metabolism-clinical and Experimental

This study examined the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise on adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Using a randomized, controlled design, 33 women (age, 50-70 years) were assigned to diet alone (D), exercise alone (EX), or diet + exercise (D + E) for 14 weeks. Before and after the interventions, blood samples for adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were drawn, a meal test was performed, and abdominal fat distribution was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Body weight decreased~4.5 F 0.6 kg ( P b .05) after the D and D + E interventions, whereas only small changes in body weight were found with the exercise-alone intervention. Plasma C-reactive protein levels were decreased by~15% with all 3 interventions, whereas leptin levels were reduced with the D and D + E intervention (D: pre = 48.7 F 6.0, post = 38.9 F 5.0 ng/mL; D + E: pre = 38.5 F 6.0, post = 22.9 F 5.0 ng/mL; P b .05) with no differences between groups. There was a trend for leptin levels to decrease in the EX group ( P = .06). Plasma resistin levels were not altered by the 3 interventions from pre-to posttreatment (D: pre = 6.9 F 0.6, post = 6.2 F 0.4 ng/mL; D + E: pre = 5.6 F 0.6, post = 5.7 F 0.4 ng/mL; E: pre = 6.2 F 0.6, post = 5.9 F 0.6 ng/mL, P N .05), and no differences in adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) levels were found. Visceral adipose tissue and tumor necrosis factor a were the only predictors of calculated insulin resistance ( P b .05), explaining 43% of the variability. A typically prescribed weight loss program with lifestyle changes resulted in few changes in adipocytokines and inflammatory cytokines in older women with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that dramatic weight loss or clinical interventions are needed. D