Diabetic retinopathy is associated with oxidative stress and mitigation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (original) (raw)
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Role of Oxidative Stress and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Ophthalmic Research
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Oxidative stress generated on account of hyperglycemic state may lead to retinal abnormalities including DR. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in different stages of DR severity in subjects with type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 148 subjects with T1DM (n = 17), T2DM (n = 96), and nondiabetic controls (n = 35). Subjects with DM were divided into 2 subgroups based on DR severity (mild-to-severe nonproliferative DR [NPDR] and proliferative DR [PDR]), and serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, SOD, and CAT were estimated. Results: Both SOD and CAT levels were lower in diabetic subjects than nondiabetic controls. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1C level and severity of DR (p < 0.0001). Levels of SOD and CAT...
Background: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications, both microvascular and cardiovascular. The metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause several mechanisms that induce diabetic tissue damage. Important mechanism is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision impairment and blinding among working adult. This study aimed to assess the level of Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E in patients with diabetic with and without retinopathy. Setting: Subjects and Methods: This study included 128 patients divided into 4 groups. 30 Diabetic patients without retinopathy, 34 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy-PDR-, 34 diabetic patients with non proliferative retinopathy-NPDR-, and 30 subjects as a healthy control group. All subjects were subjected to history taking, full clinical and funds examination. Laboratory investigations were done including Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and vitamin E levels were measured. Results: fasting blood glucose level, cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride were higher in diabetic patients and HDL lower in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy while Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and vitamin E levels were decreased in diabetic patients compared to healthy control with more decrease in diabetic level with retinopathy than those without retinopathy. Correlation of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) with studied parameters in diabetic patients shows negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, LDL, triglyceride and creatinine and significant positive correlation with HDL. While correlation of vitamin E and the studied parameters it shows significant negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, LDL and triglyceride significant positive correlation with HDL and no correlation with creatinine and cholesterol. SOD, GPx and vitamin E are positively correlated with each other. Conclusion: Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and vitamin E are important components in the cell defense against oxidative stress. [Nagwa S. Said, Khaled M. Hadhoud, Waled M. Nada and Shereen A. El Tarhouny. Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Vitamin E in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Life Sci J 2013;10(1):1851-1856] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 265
The role of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy
Eye, 2000
Purpose To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Methods This study included 25 patients with diabetic retinopathy (group 1),34 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without any angiopathy complications (group II) and 26 healthy subjects (group III). The serum malondialdehyde (MDA)-like metabolite levels as an index of lipid peroxidation, the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum vitamin C levels of the patients and healthy subjects were measured. Results The mean serum concentration of MDA-like metabolites of patients in group I was 4.38 ± 1.31 nmollml, in group II was 3.38 ± 0.95 nmollml and in group III was 2.61 ± 0.85 nmollml. There were significant differences between the groups (p = 0.001 for group I compared with group II, p = 0.0001 for group I compared with group III and p = 0.002 for group II compared with group III). There was a significant correlation between the serum lipid peroxidation concentrations and duration of the disease (r = 0.36, P = 0.047). The mean erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD levels of group I were respectively 68.97 ± 18.04 and 1597.78 ± 296.46 U/g Hb, of group II were 64.30 ±19.26 and 1581.33 ± 278.08 U/g Hb, and of group III were 65.52 ± 17.58 and 1587.44 ± 281.17 U/g Hb. There were no significant differences among the antioxidant enzyme levels in the three groups (p > 0.05). The mean serum vitamin C level in group I was 42.72 ± 8.90 [Lmolll, in group II was 49.26 ± 11.52 [Lmolll and in group III was 58.57 ± 9.75 [Lmoill. There were significant differences among the mean serum vitamin C levels of the three groups (p = 0.02 for group I versus group II p = 0.001 for group I versus group III and p = 0.002 for group II versus group III). Conclusions Free radicals forming in diabetes mellitus and increasing over time may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, which is an important complication of the disease.
Status of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant in Diabetic Retinopathy of Type-2 Diabetic Subjects
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive neurological complication of diabetes. This microvascular changes accompany diabetic retinopathy and may result in blindness. Inflammation has been shown to underlie the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of antioxidant markers and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy of type-2 diabetic mellitus subjects compare to non diabetic healthy subjects.
A Study of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy
Introduction : Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin secretion, variable degree of insulin resistance, and increased glucose production. Due to insulin resistance there is alteration in lipid metabolism and hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative stress in pancreatic βcells ,overload of ROS leads to various complications like diabetic retinopathy. AIM: To assess the oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy patients. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in SVS medical college between January and March 2014. A total 50 persons of diabetes for more than 5 yrs were taken as controls and 50 persons with uncontrolled diabetes for more than 3 yrs on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy having diabetic retinopathy are taken as cases. Results: serum MDA level was significantly higher than in cases compared to control subjects(P<0.001). Serum vit C level was lower in cases compared to controls(P<0.001). Serum vit E was lower in cases cpmpared to controls(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Monitoring MDA ,vit C and vit E levels help in preventing diabetic complications like diabetic retinopathy which leads to blindness.
Review Article Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Retinopathy
Oxygen metabolism is essential for sustaining aerobic life, and normal cellular homeostasis works on a fine balance between the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress, a cytopathic consequence of excessive production of ROS and the suppression of ROS removal by antioxidant defense system, is implicated in the development of many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes and its complications. Retinopathy, a debilitating microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of acquired blindness in developed countries. Many diabetes-induced metabolic abnormalities are implicated in its development, and appear to be influenced by elevated oxidative stress; however the exact mechanism of its development remains elusive. Increased superoxide concentration is considered as a causal link between elevated glucose and the other metabolic abnormalities important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Animal studies have shown that antioxidants have beneficial effects on the development of retinopathy, but the results from very limited clinical trials are somewhat ambiguous. Although antioxidants are being used for other chronic diseases, controlled clinical trials are warranted to investigate potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in the development of retinopathy in diabetic patients.
Oxidative stress in diabetic patients with retinopathy
Annals of African medicine
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to induce oxidative stress along with deranging various metabolisms; one of the late complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of acquired blindness. Poor glycemic control and oxidative stress have been attributed to the development of complications like diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate oxidative stress marker, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidants (erythrocyte glutathione, vitamin C) along with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. The study population comprised of 50 type 2 diabetics with retinopathy as Group 1 (G1) and 50 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy as Group 2 (G2) in the age group 40-70 years as patients, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals as controls, Group 3 (G3). FBS, HbA1c MDA, glutathione in erythrocytes, and vitamin C were assayed. Results were analyzed using ...
This review is based on the recent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Diabetes and Diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to stimulate oxidative stress along with deranging different metabolisms; one of the Long term complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of acquired blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy is a progressive disorder disease. It is the mainly frequently cause of blindness in people aged 35-75 years. Poor glycemic control and oxidative stress have been credited to the development of complications like diabetic retinopathy. The retina has high content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and glucose oxidation relative to any other tissue. Hyper-glycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus stimulate increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation, an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The oxidative stress is altered between excess oxidative species formation and impaired exclusion of the reactive oxygen species via antioxidant defence system like superoxide dismutase. Hence the study over a period of 6 month from 1st Jan to 30 June 2015 with 54 diabetic retinopathy cases and 54 control cases without retinopathy was undertaken to evaluate the oxidative status and simultaneously decrease serum vitamin antioxidants levels in diabetic retinopathy cases and increase level of HbA1c. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate oxidative stress marker, Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase along with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.
Biomedical Research-tokyo, 2017
Superoxide dismutase is an important antioxidant enzyme and plays an important role against oxidative stress by catalyzing dismutation of superoxide radical. The aim of the present study was to evaluate total superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and total antioxidant levels in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy in the region and to compare it with that of type 2 diabetics without retinopathy and healthy non-diabetic controls. 140 participants were recruited with their consent and divided into three groups (44 with type 2 diabetics with retinopathy, 54 type 2 diabetics without retinopathy and 42 healthy nondiabetic controls). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin were assayed by routine laboratory methods. Serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and total antioxidant (TAO) levels were measured using standard commercial reagent kits. The results are expressed as mean ± SD and median (IQR). There was statistically significant increase seen in FP...
Molecular vision, 2015
In diabetes, an impaired antioxidant defense system contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy. The main objective of this paper was to find correlations of oxidative stress parameters within and between the vitreous and serum in patients with type 2 diabetes who had developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The study included and compared two groups of patients who underwent vitrectomy: 37 patients with type 2 diabetes and proliferative retinopathy (PDR), and 50 patients with non-diabetic eye disorders (NDED). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), advanced oxidized protein product (AOPP), and oxidative stress markers (direct lipid hydroperoxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) were measured in the vitreous and serum of both groups and correlated with one another, between humoral compartments and with gender, age, and serum glucose levels. In the vitreous of PDR patients, VEGF, LPO, and MDA (p<0.05) we...