The Efficiency of R Expenditures in ASEAN Countries (original) (raw)

Analyzing R&D efficiency in Asia and the OECD: An application of the Malmquist Productivity Index

2009 Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy, 2009

Several countries show a marked improvement in their performance based on the MPI scores. These countries are Canada, Iceland and the Republic of Korea. We further compare the scientific publication output of the Republic of Korea, Japan, China and the Russian Federation based on data collected from the ISI Web of Science database. It is evident that there is a rapid increase in number of scientific publications emerging from China. The Republic of Korea has shown a massive increase in the number of patents granted to residents, especially during the period 2004-06, which is the primary reason for achieving the highest score in the MPI for that period among the selected countries. These results confirm the rapid advancement of China and the Republic of Korea, which is leading to reduced world shares of scientific publication and patents granted to residents of major scientific nations like the USA and the UK. This study contributes to the existing literature by assessing R&D efficiency in a longitudinal perspective by using the Malmquist Productivity Index and by identifying that China's performance on the MPI is mainly due to scientific publication output. The Republic of Korea shows sustained increases in patenting among residents mainly due to the progressive policies followed by the Korean government over several decades.

Does research and development expenditure cointegrate with the gross national income of ASEAN countries

2016

In order to successfully transform into a knowledge economy and eradicate poverty, many ASEAN countries have allocated a considerable amount of their yearly expenditures in research and development over the last decade. The objective of this paper is to examine the long-run relationship between research and development expenditure and gross national income of five major ASEAN countries - Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Philippines. The results of a cross-country panel data analysis performed in this study suggest that there is a long-run cointegration relationship between these two variables. Findings imply that higher research and development expenditure has a favorable impact on the long-run prosperity of these countries.

ASEAN benchmarking in terms of science, technology and innovation from 1999 to 2009

Scientometrics, 2012

This article provides an empirical assessment of the performance of the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in terms of science, technology, and innovation. This study is relevant because it employs a larger data set, examines more countries, and covers more years than previous studies. The results indicate that these countries had differing patterns of performance, and

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN COUNTRIES

2023

Although numerous researches about the importance of research and development (R & D) for sustainable economic development have been carried out among ASEAN countries, it is challenging to say with certainty that what level of interest is being put on R&D expenditures and sustainable economic development among these countries. The objective of this study is to conduct the systematic review of R & D expenditures and sustainable economic development in ASEAN countries with theoretical and empirical review of the previous studies. This paper grouped previous studies considering economic development based on their results in Four (4) stages i.e. 1) review of previous literature, 2) comparison of growth theories and, 3) developing a concept in light of previous models and at last, 4) the conclusive note related to R&D and economic development among ASEAN countries. Total 163 research articles were considered containing the terms economic development or economic growth and after applying a systematic review process, 14 papers considered as final sample specific to the objective of this study related to economic development among ASEAN countries. The review has shown that most of economist found that previous studies were lack of R&D expenditures in the economic development among ASEAN region countries. This study fills theoretical and empirical gap in the field of R&D-lead economic development among ASEAN and provides a metatheoretical insight in the concept of sustainable economic development with respect to R&D expenditures.

Comparing Methods of Assessing R&D Efficiency in Latin-American Countries

Studies in Computational Intelligence, 2014

Scientific and technological activities have a growing importance in the economic development of a region. The aim of this paper is to analyze how efficient scientific research and experimental development (R&D) are in terms of public expenditure. The effect of public expenditure on the ability to innovate, measured by the number of patents, publications and invention indices is evaluated. We propose the use of tools from the area of Operations Research as Data Envelopment Analysis and the Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution, as well as methodologies from Computational Intelligence such as Self Organizing Maps to visualize the joint behavior of the different countries. The results obtained confirm an imbalance among countries in the area, imbalance that should be addressed in order to increase the global efficiency of the region.

Measuring R Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA): Case Indonesia

International Journal of Social Science and Humanity

Research institutions play a role in creating science and innovation. Public Research Institution (PRI) as government-funded research institutes has been recognized as a strategic actor which has responsibility for encouraging researchers in producing efficient qualified research. An Indonesian PRI conducts research activities in basic, applied and experimental research with various fields of science such as life science, earth science, engineering science, and social and humanities science. This paper aims to provide an overview of PRI's R&D performance by measuring efficiency in R&D performance using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method in 35 research units that were used as objects in a government R&D institution in Indonesia. DEA calculates input and output in the R&D unit which has 1,735 researchers and output in each field of science. The result shows that R&D performance was very different between the field of science and age group of researchers. The conclusion is that most of the efficiency created by young researchers. And the field of science that has near efficiency compared to other fields of science is engineering.

Unraveling the Nexus of Science & Technology Input and Economic Growth through Research & Development (R&D) Indicators in Asia-pacific Region: A Panel Data and Causality Analysis

Journal of education, management and development studies, 2021

This paper unravels the critical aspect of science and technology through research and development indicators as sources, drivers, and predictors of economic growth from the perspective of two developing countries, namely: Philippines and Thailand (ASEAN), and two developed economies, namely: Japan and Australia (ASEAN-X) in Asia-Pacific Region. The data set ranges from 1980 to 2019 and is collected from World Development Indicators of the World Bank, Institute for Statistics of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Research and Development (RD) is a tool for generating new knowledge and serves as input for technological advancement. In the long run, it has been proven that technology can sustain permanent economic development in the economy. In developed economies, the nexus between the aforementioned variables is robust and significant. Thus, the RD indicators can be used as a predictor of economic growth. However, in developing economies, the nexus of variables involved is negligible and insignificant. Hence, the RD indicators cannot be effectively utilized as a predictor of economic growth. Furthermore, the study combined the two sets of panel data and a relevant conclusion was drawn. A country-panel regression and causality analysis were performed based on the empirics of macroeconomics.

Comparative Study of ASEAN Research Productivity

Sage Open, 2023

Research productivity has become one of the main indicators used by higher education institutions (HEIs) as well as the country to support their innovation capability. This study purposely describes the research productivity among ASEAN countries, which is considered to be the world's current economic hotspot. By using SciVal database to examine the literature over the last 10 years, we describe productivity, citation impact, and economic impact metrics. The findings indicate that Singapore is superior in terms of publication quality (citation) and patents while Malaysia is leading in terms of the number of scientific research. Interestingly, Indonesia's scientific publication growth has the highest percentage. Furthermore, Engineering & Technology and Life Sciences & Medicine are the two major contributors to ASEAN research productivity. These subjects could be the major locomotives for ASEAN countries to use to sustain their competitiveness if the leaders can transform it into successful commercialization.

Dynamic analysis of the efficiency of research and development systems of South-European countries

Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, 2019

The non-parametric deterministic procedure of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure and compare relative efficiency of research and development (R/D) activities in nine South-European countries in the period 2007-2016 is applied in this paper. To that end, we made a corresponding DEA model with nine decision-making units, two inputs and two outputs, selected by correlation analysis. The obtained results, i.e., relative R/D efficiency, were subject to correlation analysis in the context of the achieved average gross domestic product growth rate of the observed decision-making units, which showed that there was no strong correlation between those two variables at the level of the observed national economies.

Study on Public and Private Expenditure on Research and Development: An Integrative Report

1999

This paper puts together the key results and insights of various papers written under the project “Study on Public and Private Expenditure on Research and Development (R&D)”. It devotes a section that deals with the problem in the present context. In addition, it provides statistical information and accounting system that gives direction on its improvements to generate quick and accurate set of information related to R&D and science and technology (S&T). Patterns of developments in these areas are also included with a focus on the trends of R&D expenditure, R&D manpower and the economic development levels. Comparison of rate of return to R&D in investment here and abroad is made. Using the detailed descriptions of the development of the S&T in South Korea, Taiwan, and New Zealand, the policy case in the Philippines is set up.