Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in chilli CM334 infected by Phytophthora capsici and Nacobbus aberrans (original) (raw)
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gazi university journal of science, 2012
In this study, PAL activity in stems of pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) plants infected by the root rot pathogen Phytophthora capsici - 22 in a resistant ( PM-702 ) and two susceptible (Kahramanmaras-Hot ( KM-Hot) and Demre-8 ) cultivar were studied. The response of the PAL activity in the resistant cultivar was faster and higher than in the susceptible cultivars (p < 0.01) . The increase in production of PAL upon Phytophthora capsici -22 were higher in the infected plants compared to the non-infected (control) plants ( p < 0.01) . An early induction of PAL was observed in the stems of three peppers infected with P.capsici within two days. Keywords: Capsicum annuum , defence, pepper, phenylalanine ammonia lyase , Phytophthora capsici
Canadian Journal of Botany, 1988
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased rapidly beginning 2 h after inoculation with Phytophthora megasperma (Drechs.) f.sp. glycinea (Hildeb.) Kuan & Erwin race 1 in unwounded hypocotyls of soybean cv. Harosoy 63 (resistant) but did not change significantly in cv. Harosoy (susceptible). Small increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity also were caused by wounding. Activity increased more slowly in hypocotyls (cv. Harosoy 63) wounded just before inoculation than in intact inoculated hypocotyls, but most activity developed in hypocotyls wounded 12 h before inoculation. There were comparable effects of wounding on symptom development. Trifoliolate leaves of 14-day-old cv. Harosoy 63 plants are resistant, but trifoliolate leaves of 12-day-old cv. Harosoy 63 plants and of 14-day-old cv. Harosoy plants are susceptible to race 1. Increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity following inoculation were demonstrated only in 14-day-old Harosoy 63 plants but not until 24–36 ...
Experientia, 2003
The phytotoxic protein PcF (Phytophthora cactorum-Fragaria) is a 5.6-kDa cysteine-rich, hydroxyproline- containing protein that is secreted in limited amounts by P. cactorum, an oomycete pathogen of tomato, strawberry and other relevant crop plants. Although we have shown that pure PcF triggers plant reactivity, its mechanism of action is not yet understood. Here we show that PcF, like other known fungal protein elicitors involved in pathogen-plant interaction, stimulates the activity of the defense enzyme phenylalanine ammonia a key step in understanding the mechanism of action of PcF at a molecular level is knowledge of its three-dimensional structure, we overexpressed this protein extracellularly in Pichia pastoris. The preliminary structural and functional characterization of a recombinant PcF homologue, N4-rPcF, is reported. Interestingly, although N4-rPcF is devoid of proline hydroxylation and has four additional amino acid residues attached to its N terminus, its secondary structure and biological activity are indistinguishable from wild-type PcF.
2012
This study explored the level of infection caused by different inoculum concentrations (102, 103, and 104 zoospores mL-1) of Phytophthora capsici in 3 pepper cultivars at days 2, 4, and 6. The effect that the infection induced on the peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and phenolics of resistant and sensitive seedlings, as well as the defense mechanism against the pathogen, were also investigated. The resistance of PM-702 against the isolate used was high, whereas KM-Hot and DEM-8 displayed sensitive reactions. As a result of analyses of the leaves and stems from the 3 pepper cultivars, important changes in biochemical parameters were observed between resistant and sensitive cultivars after inoculation with the root rot pathogen P. capsici. The maximum increase of POX and CAT was observed in the resistant PM-702 cultivar. However, with a high inoculum concentration (104 zoospores mL-1), a loss of CAT activity was determined, especially in susceptible cultivars. The maximum increase in...
Scientific reports, 2017
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease worldwide. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is one of the most extensively studied enzymes related to plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of PAL in soybean in response to P. sojae is largely unclear. Here, we characterize a novel member of the soybean PAL gene family, GmPAL2.1, which is significantly induced by P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrates that GmPAL2.1 enhances resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. In addition, the PAL activity in GmPAL2.1-OX transgenic soybean is significantly higher than that of non-transgenic plants after infection with P. sojae, while that in GmPAL2.1-RNAi soybean plants is lower. Further analyses show that the daidzein, genistein and salicylic acid (SA) levels and the relative content of glyceollins are markedly increased in GmPAL2.1-OX transg...
PloS one, 2015
Induced resistance in plants is a systemic response to certain microorganisms or chemicals that enhances basal defense responses during subsequent plant infection by pathogens. Inoculation of chile pepper with zoospores of non-host Phytophthora nicotianae or the chemical elicitor beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) significantly inhibited foliar blight caused by Phytophthora capsici. Tissue extract analyses by GC/MS identified conserved change in certain metabolite concentrations following P. nicotianae or BABA treatment. Induced chile pepper plants had reduced concentrations of sucrose and TCA cycle intermediates and increased concentrations of specific hexose-phosphates, hexose-disaccharides and amino acids. Galactose, which increased significantly in induced chile pepper plants, was shown to inhibit growth of P. capsici in a plate assay.
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001
The inoculation of the roots of resistant (BSTN) and susceptible (JHL) cultivars of date palm seedlings by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) induces an increase in activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4. 3. 1. 5., PAL). The post-infectional response in the PAL activity in the resistant cultivar roots was faster and higher than that in the susceptible cultivar. However, the elicitation of the seedlings by the hyphal wall preparation (HWP) of Foa induces an identical PAL response in the resistant and the susceptible cultivars. The elicitor activity of HWP was dose-dependent, the optimal concentration which induces a maximum PAL activity was 10 mg of mycelium per mL. The elicitor present in the HWP was thermostable since its elicitor activity was maintained after heat treatment (121˚C for 45 min). The treatment of the HWP with protease (Pronase E) does not have an effect on the HWP elicitor activity. However, the treatment of the HWP with sodium periodate inhibits its elicitor activity. This data suggests that the HWP elicitor is a carbohydrate compound. In addition, the HWP elicitor is non-specific since it induces identical responses of the PAL activity in two cultivars showing different behaviors to the pathogen. The absence of specificity of HWP elicitors and the differential response of the PAL activity to the infection by Foa and to the elicitation by the HWP are discussed. An explanation of the general interactions between plant and parasite is proposed.
Scientia Horticulturae, 2011
Th is study explored the level of infection caused by diff erent inoculum concentrations (10 2 , 10 3 , and 10 4 zoospores mL −1) of Phytophthora capsici in 3 pepper cultivars at days 2, 4, and 6. Th e eff ect that the infection induced on the peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and phenolics of resistant and sensitive seedlings, as well as the defense mechanism against the pathogen, were also investigated. Th e resistance of PM-702 against the isolate used was high, whereas KM-Hot and DEM-8 displayed sensitive reactions. As a result of analyses of the leaves and stems from the 3 pepper cultivars, important changes in biochemical parameters were observed between resistant and sensitive cultivars aft er inoculation with the root rot pathogen P. capsici. Th e maximum increase of POX and CAT was observed in the resistant PM-702 cultivar. However, with a high inoculum concentration (10 4 zoospores mL −1), a loss of CAT activity was determined, especially in susceptible cultivars. Th e maximum increase in phenolics was detected in leaves of susceptible DEM-8 and stems of PM-702 on day 6 following infection. Th e results suggest that during Phytophthora root rot development there is a relation between the disease induced by P. capsici and the antioxidant system.