Sar Processing for Profile Reconstruction and Characterization of Dielectric Objects on the Human Body Surface (original) (raw)

Comparison of SAR Analysis on Self Developed Human Head Model with Three Different Antennas

Human brain is the most sensitive part of Human body and SAR analysis is required for every type of antenna close to human body especially near head. Modeling human brain for SAR analysis is dealt in this research work. Various antennas for different frequencies are designed and then SAR is analyzed for each antenna. SAR analysis is compared for FCC standard and ICNIRP Standard for each of the antenna.

Accuracy of SAR Reconstruction in Human Phantoms From Surface Field Values

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000

This paper describes and discusses the use of the boundary element method to reconstruct the induced current density and specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within a phantom of arbitrary shape, starting from field values on its external surface. The accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated by comparison with the results given by other techniques in the solution of the whole electromagnetic problem, including also the sources. The influence of the parameters which could affect the reconstruction accuracy is deepened. The encouraging results obtained can open the way to a noninvasive experimental-computational procedure for the SAR evaluation.

Estimation of whole-body SAR from electromagnetic fields using personal exposure meters

Bioelectromagnetics, 2009

In this article, personal electromagnetic field measurements are converted into whole-body specific absorption rates for exposure of the general public. Whole-body SAR values calculated from personal exposure meter data are compared for different human spheroid phantoms: the highest SAR values (at 950 MHz) are obtained for the 1-year-old child (99th percentile of 17.9 mW/kg for electric field strength of 0.36 V/m), followed by the 5-year-old child, 10-year-old child, average woman, and average man. For the 1-year-old child, whole-body SAR values due to 9 different radiofrequency sources (FM, DAB, TETRA, TV, GSM900 DL, GSM1800 DL, DECT, UMTS DL, WiFi) are determined for 15 different scenarios. An SAR matrix for 15 different exposure scenarios and 9 sources is provided with the personal field exposure matrix. Highest 95th percentiles of the wholebody SAR are equal to 7.9 mW/kg (0.36 V/m, GSM900 DL), 5.8 mW/kg (0.26 V/m, DAB/TV), and 7.1 mW/kg (0.41 V/m, DECT) for the 1-year-old child, with a maximal total whole-body SAR of 11.5 mW/kg (0.48 V/m) due to all 9 sources. All values are below the basic restriction of 0.08 W/kg for the general public. 95th percentiles of whole-body SAR per V/m are equal to 60.1, 87.9, and 42.7 mW/ kg for GSM900, DAB/TV, and DECT sources, respectively. Functions of the SAR versus measured electric fields are provided for the different phantoms and frequencies, enabling epidemiological and dosimetric studies to make an analysis in combination with both electric field and actual whole-body SAR.

An Improved SAR Based Technique for Accurate Profile Reconstruction

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013

This paper deals with the problem of accurate contour reconstruction from scattered field measurements. For this goal, an advanced SAR processing method featuring two new approaches is proposed. First, the combination of the phasefronts of the SAR image with its amplitude is used to create an initial guess of the possible positions of the contour facets. Second, a virtual focusing of the field scattered by the geometry under study is used to interrogate isolated sections of the contour to be reconstructed, decreasing the computational cost and ambiguity of the reconstruction problem. It is shown that this processing increases the resolution of any SAR based system without increasing neither the necessary bandwidth nor the cost of the system. Representative results showing the good performance of the new method compared with the conventional approach using much larger bandwidths are presented.

FDTD Based SAR Analysis in Human Head using Irregular Volume Averaging Techniques of Different Resolutions at GSM 900 Band

2017

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) induced inside human head in the near-field of a mobile phone antenna has been investigated for three different SAR resolutions using Finite Difference in Time Domain (FDTD) method at GSM 900 band. Voxel based anthropomorphic human head model consists of different anatomical tissues is used to calculate the peak SAR values averaged over 10-g, 1-g and 0.1-g mass. It is observed that the maximum local SAR increases significantly for smaller mass averages.

FDTD Evaluation of the SAR Distribution in a Human Head Near a Mobile Cellular Phone

1998

In this study, Finite-Dierence Time-Domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the Specic Ab- sorbtion Rate (SAR; dened as the power absorbed by unit mass of the tissue) distribution in a human head near a hand-held cellular phone. A three dimensional FDTD algorithm is built in cartesian coor- dinates. A discrete human head model, derived from a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Sar Imaging of Suicide Bombers Wearing Concealed Explosive Threats

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2012

This paper deals with the problem of detecting potential suicide bombers wearing concealed metallic and dielectric objects. The data produced by Millimeter-Wave-Radar system, working on a Multiple Frequency-Multiple Transmitters and Multiple Receivers configuration (MF-MTMR), is synthetically generated by an electromagnetic code based on Finite Differences Frequency Domain (FDFD) method. The numerical code provides the scattered field produced by the subject under test, which is later processed by using a multiple bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) algorithm. The blurring effect produced by the Point Spread Function (PSF) in the SAR image is removed by applying a regularized deconvolution algorithm that uses only magnitude information (no phase). Finally, the SAR algorithm and the deconvolution procedure are tested on a person wearing metallic and dielectric objects. The SAR response of dielectric rods is quite different from the metallic pipes. Our algorithm not only distinguishes between cases but also is capable of estimating the dielectric constant of the rods. Each constitutive parameter directly maps to the dielectric constant of explosive compounds, such as TNT or RDX, making feasible the detection of potential suicide bombers.

An Algorithm for Predicting the Change in SAR in a Human Phantom Due to Deviations in Its Complex Permittivity

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2000

The aim of this study is to determine a robust prediction algorithm that can be used to correct the measured specific absorption rate (SAR) in a homogeneous phantom when its complex permittivity deviates from standardized reference values. Results are analyzed over a frequency range of 30-6000 MHz. Both measurements and numerical simulations are presented. Several antenna sizes and distances to the phantom are investigated so as to study a large range of SAR distributions. It is demonstrated that the prediction algorithm, while developed using dipole antennas, also works well for mobile telephone models. Employing the prediction algorithm reduces the SAR measurement uncertainty, thereby improving the reproducibility of SAR compliance assessment between laboratories. Another benefit of the algorithm is that it enables the use of broadband tissue-equivalent liquids, whose dielectric parameters are not currently within the tight tolerances of existing standards. The use of broadband liquids reduces the cost of SAR measurement. The method presented in this paper is of benefit to the IEEE 1528 and IEC 62209 measurement standards.

SAR Distributions in a Spherical Inhomogeneous Human Head Model Exposed to Electromagnetic Field for 500 MHz - 3 GHz Using FDTD method

Specific absorption rate (SAR) inside spherical human head model for half-wave radiating dipole antenna has been investigated at the frequency range from 500 MHz to 3 GHz using finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method. The effects of variation of reflection coefficient and resonant frequency of the antenna due to presence of head model are also presented in this paper. The human head is modeled as inhomogeneous sphere of 19 cm diameter consists of a uniform core representing human brain, surrounded by two spherical shells representing skull and skin. Distance between the head and antenna is varied from 1 cm to 3 cm to calculate the maximum local SAR induced inside the head. At some frequencies the maximum local SAR becomes more than the FCC and IEEE's upper safety limit for the distance between the head and antenna less than 1 cm and 0.6 Watt radiated power.