Developing spatial data infrastructure to facilitate disaster management (original) (raw)
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Applications of Spatial Data Infrastructure in Disaster
Tehran, capital of Iran has several known and unknown active faults hence huge earthquake will permeates human settlement there. However, more than the disaster it is the inefficient and inadequate infrastructure in the aftermath of earthquake which causes huge loss of life and property. There are substantial problems with availability of, and accessibility to reliable, up-to-date, and accurate geospatial data. The need for such data is significant if one is to successfully react to and manage a disaster situation. The data required might include aspects such as the availability of resources, road access, and required disaster response operations; crucial for informed decision-making and disaster management. Thus, there is a need for the development and implementation of appropriate frameworks and utilization of technologies to alleviate the current lack of capacity to respond to disasters. This paper focuses on the use of spatial data infrastructure and Geospatial information system to achieve better outcomes from spatial decision-making for site selection of rescue centers. The usage of the spatial decision support system provides the advantages of emphasis on the regions which need more attention. Among the successful models, in this paper multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) based on a location model is used.
Applications of Spatial Data infrastructure in Disaster Management
Tehran, capital of Iran has several known and unknown active faults hence huge earthquake will permeates human settlement there. However, more than the disaster it is the inefficient and inadequate infrastructure in the aftermath of earthquake which causes huge loss of life and property. There are substantial problems with availability of, and accessibility to reliable, up-to-date, and accurate geospatial data. The need for such data is significant if one is to successfully react to and manage a disaster situation. The data required might include aspects such as the availability of resources, road access, and required disaster response operations; crucial for informed decision-making and disaster management. Thus, there is a need for the development and implementation of appropriate frameworks and utilization of technologies to alleviate the current lack of capacity to respond to disasters. This paper focuses on the use of spatial data infrastructure and Geospatial information system to achieve better outcomes from spatial decision-making for site selection of rescue centers. The usage of the spatial decision support system provides the advantages of emphasis on the regions which need more attention. Among the successful models, in this paper multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) based on a location model is used.
Spatial Data Infrastructure in Natural Disaster Management
Tehnički glasnik, 2021
Natural disasters that cause tremendous material harm and threaten human lives, infrastructure, and economic and social activities become more frequent. While most material and human casualties are the effects of sudden and brief natural disasters, it is not possible to disregard long-term disasters, most frequently triggered by climate change. Damage from long-term disasters is quite significant and hampers the sustainability of the economy and life in densely populated cities. Following climate change, it is concluded that special attention should be paid to coastal cities, cities along rivers and the potential risks of possible disasters should be reduced before they materialize. The reduction of disaster risk is an endeavor involving various professional fields, viewpoints, and stakeholders. An integrated approach that brings together all the necessary elements is therefore required. The planning for protection against natural disasters and in the very moments when it occurs, it...
Geo-Information Support in Management of Urban Disasters
Open House International, 2006
Within the management of urban disasters, geo-information systems (GIS) are used in any of the phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery as most of the required data have a spatial component. Examples of GIS-based decision support systems on mitigation are found in simulation models of floods and earthquakes. In the preparation phase all kinds of spatial observations and models can be used to predict which areas will be threatened. To prepare for adequately responding in case of an actual disaster, these systems are capable of developing realistic scenarios that are used within training and virtual reality (VR) systems. During the actual response phase geo-information is used intensively: for getting an impression of the environment, for routing, for obtaining up-to-date information about the actual situation, etc. In the recovery phase, there is often a high public and political interest to judge the situation - comparing the pre- and post-disaster situation - and t...
Spatial Data Infrastructure for Emergency Response in Netherlands
Environmental Science and Engineering, 2008
During the crisis management, several organizations coordinate their emergency work based not only on well-defined policies and procedures (product of careful preparation) but also on the outcomes of the decisionmaking process. Decision-making is a highly complicated process in crisis situations. Good support in decision-making when disaster occurs is of critical importance to react accurately, fast and effectively. Good decisionmaking helps to control damage, save lives and resources, and reduce unwanted consequences of a crisis. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is increasingly considered a critical aspect of decision-making in disaster management. This paper presents our concept for an appropriate SDI (openstandard generic platform) assisting in administration, analysis of data to predict development of a crisis event and accordingly advise for changes of plans
Developing GIS databases to work with Disaster Management
2017
Geoinformation databases are used worldwide for monitoring disaster and emergency events. We overview some existing inter-sectoral geoinformation databases, such as the Multi-Agency Situational Awareness System (MASAS) in Canada and HAZUS developed by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), USA to show how geoinformation technology aids in the assessment of potential financial losses from emergency events.. We also present our current efforts to develop a geoinformation database at the Nazarbayev University.
Towards effective application of geospatial technologies for disaster management
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2010
This article provides an overview of the application of geospatial technologies for disaster and emergency management; the motive behind this special issue is focusing on the importance of highlighting the efforts of geospatial technologies community in the field of disaster and emergency management. This issue provides an insight on the future directions of geospatial technologies for disaster management. It starts with presenting the process of formalization of the idea behind this special issue, presenting the themes covered in this issue; summary statistics related to the submitted papers. The article provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art of geospatial technologies for disaster management with emphasis on GIS and the emerging web and mobile services. This editorial presents as much comprehensive user view of research directions from applications and applications development. This editorial concludes by providing a vision for geospatial technologies for disaster management and emergency response and briefly overview the content of this special issue.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2017
Statistics prove that the number of disasters, especially weather-related, increased during the last decades. This leads to high demands on participants in disaster management processes. To meet these requirements the provision of geodata, as a part of the information base, plays a key role. A preliminary theoretical consideration points out the evaluation of the benefits of geodata in disaster scenarios as well as the requirements for the provision of geoinformation products and systems in this field of application. There already exist several approaches that differ in the used data, the functionalities or the concept in general. As an alternative, this work introduces a new architectural concept of immediate geodata provision for disaster management based on the usage of free data and free software components. A system consisting of several free software components forms the basis of this approach. With vector data from OpenStreetMap and remote sensing data from the United States Geological Survey a batch script driven geoinformation system creates map tiles or images for end-users in disaster management within minutes.
Spatial Data Infrastructure for emergency management: the view of the users
Ibis, 2007
Spatial data play an important role in decision-making during the response phase of an emergency situation. Emergency management is a multidisciplinary activity of the fire brigades, the police forces, paramedics and the government. A spatial data infrastructure is expected to facilitate and coordinate the exchange and sharing of static and dynamic spatial data between all the emergency forces. Within the emergency forces awareness of such multidisciplinary spatial data infrastructures is rising.
Geographic Information Systems Supporting Disaster Response and Recovery
Information Systems (GIS) enable policymakers and planners to overlay the impacted disaster areas over existing data sources to estimate the severity of the disaster on the area and to determine to what extent federal and local resources might be required to facilitate long-term recovery. GIS also enables policymakers to test the costs and benefits of policy options. In the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) used GIS more extensively than it had for any previous disaster to calculate risk of housing damage to HUD-assisted and HUD-insured housing and to estimate actual damage to all housing in the affected states. This analysis was critical for making decisions about how many resources for long-term recovery to use and where to target those resources. The analysis has also been critical for local officials in their design of programs that address the longterm recovery needs in their communities.