Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of RSV-Induced Disease in Humans (original) (raw)
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Update on current views and advances on RSV infection (Review)
International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2020
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents an excellent paradigm of precision medicine in modern paediatrics and several clinical trials are currently performed in the prevention and management of RSV infection. A new taxonomic terminology for RSV was recently adopted, while the diagnostic and omics techniques have revealed new modalities in the early identification of RSV infections and for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. coordinated clinical and research efforts constitute an important step in limiting RSV global predominance, improving epidemiological surveillance, and advancing neonatal and paediatric care. This review article presents the key messages of the plenary lectures, oral presentations and posters of the '5th workshop on paediatric virology' (Sparta, Greece, 12th October 2019) organized by the Paediatric Virology Study Group, focusing on recent advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management and prevention of RSV infection in childhood. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Epidemiology of RSV infection 3. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of RSV infection 4. Imaging in children with RSV infection 5. Therapeutics of RSV infection 6. Prevention of RSV infection
An Overview of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
PLoS Pathogens, 2014
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in infants. From 1993 to 2008, the total RSV hospitalization rate in the United States across all age groups was 55 per 100,000 person-years, slightly lower than the rate of 64 per 100,000 personyears for influenza viruses . In infants, the hospitalization rate was 2,345 per 100,000 person-years for RSV compared to 151 for influenza, consistent with reports that RSV hospitalizes 1-2% of infants in the US each winter, a staggering statistic . RSV disease is not limited to infants. RSV resulted in more hospitalizations in 1-4-year-olds than influenza . One in 13 children under the age of five in the US required medical attention for RSV each year, and 60% of office visits were for 2-5-year-olds [2].
2009
Infection with RSV is a major cause for hospitalizations of infants in the first year of life in the United States and most other parts of the world. Almost 100% of children are infected with this virus by 2-3 years of age. Normally, the infection is exquisitely restricted to the bronchopulmonary mucosa. However, development of extrapulmonary disease is observed in patients with certain T and B cell immunodeficiency states. The spectrum of illness associated with RSV is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic infection, mild upper airway disease, otitis media, apnea in the early neonatal period, or severe respiratory tract disease associated with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, wheezing or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A small number of children will develop long term abnormalities of pulmonary function, episodes of wheezing or established reactive airway disease after severe disease or bronchiolitis. The immune response to primary infection is modest at best, but reinfection is follo...
Epidemiology and Infection, 2016
SUMMARYChildren encounter repeated respiratory tract infections during their early life. We conducted a prospective clinical and serological follow-up study to estimate the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primary infection and reinfection rates in early childhood. Sera were collected from 291 healthy children at the ages of 13, 24 and 36 months and antibody levels against RSV antigens were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The RT–PCR method was also used for identifying the possible presence of RSV in symptomatic patients. At ages 1, 2 and 3 years, 37%, 68% and 86%, respectively, of studied children were seropositive for RSV. In children seropositive at age 1 year, RSV reinfection rate was at least 37%. Only one of reinfected children showed evidence for a third reinfection by age 3 years. Of children who turned RSV seropositive between ages 1 and 2 years, the reinfection rate was 32% during the third year of life. The mean antibody levels at primary infection were very similar in...
Infections Caused by RSV among Children and Adults during Two Epidemic Seasons
Polish Journal of Microbiology, 2011
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, immunocompromised patients (children and adults), patients with chronic respiratory diseases and elderly people. Reinfections occur throughout the life, but the severity of disease decreased with subsequent infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of RSV infections in two selected subpopulations: young children (below 5 y.) and adults with chronic respiratory diseases (25-87 y.). Nasopharyngeal swabs (334) collected from October 2008 to March 2010 were examined. The presence of RSV genome was determined by RT-PCR and the presence of RSV antigen by quick immunochromatographic test. Positive results of RT-PCR were found in 45.2% of all swabs: 48.6% samples in 2008; 41.5% in 2009; 50.8% in 2010. The highest frequency of RSV-positive samples was in fall-winter months, but differences in RSV epidemic seasons were found. In the first season (2008...
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2003
The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were studied in 254 hospitalized Argentinean children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI). The specific humoral immune response and partial sequences of the G protein gene were studied in a subset of 22 children with RSV confirmed infection. The RSV IgM detection and the RSV IgG titration were made by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in pairs of sera. The partial RSV G gene sequences were obtained by an RT-PCR amplification directly from de NPAs. RSV was present in 44.5% of the children. The RSV IgM was detected in 22.7 and 68.8% of the first and second sera, respectively. The IgG geometric mean titers of the acute and convalescent sera were 8 and 589. The RSV IgG titration was able to define 86.4% of the RSV confirmed cases. The percentage of coincidence between RSV IgM detection in the second sera and diagnosis by RSV IgG titration was 72.7% and no significant differences were observed. The nucleotide sequence of one group A and three group B viruses were identified. The first one was related with circulating viruses in Madrid, Montevideo and Mozambique during 1992, 1989 and 1999, respectively. The three sequences identified as group B viruses were closely related with circulating viruses in 1998 from South Africa and Canada during 1999 and 2000. The data obtained in our study provide the first approach at the molecular level (nucleotide) of the RSV circulating strains in Argentina and the lack of genotype patterns previously determined make necessary a continuous molecular surveillance in order to contribute to the understanding of the behavior of this virus in our community.
European Journal of Pediatrics, 2007
Variability in severity among different respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons may influence hospital admission rates for RSV-induced lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in young children. The aim of the present study was to identify through logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with higher likelihood to acquire RSV-induced LRTI, in children with symptoms severe enough to lead to hospital admission. Over four consecutive RSV seasons (2000-2004), records from children <4 years of age admitted for RSV-induced LRTI ("cases") were compared with those from children with LRTI not due to RSV and not requiring hospitalization ("controls"). 145 "case-patients" and 295 "control-patients" were evaluated. Independent from the severity of the four epidemic seasons, seven predictors for hospitalization for RSV infection were found in the bivariate analysis: number of children in the family, chronological age at the onset of RSV season, birth weight and gestational age, birth order, daycare attendance, previous RSV infections. In the logistic regression analysis, only three predictors were detected: chronological age at the beginning of RSV season [aOR=8.46; 95% CI:3.09-23.18]; birth weight category [aOR=7.70; 95% CI:1.29-45.91]; birth order (aOR=1.92; 95% CI:1.21-3.06). Conclusions: Independent from the RSV seasonality, specific host/environmental factors can be used to identify children at greatest risk for hospitalization for RSV infection.