Clinical optical coherence tomography combined with multiphoton tomography of patients with skin diseases (original) (raw)
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Multispectral in vivo three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of human skin
Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2010
The capability of optical coherence tomography ͑OCT͒ to perform "optical biopsy" of tissues within a depth range of 1 to 2 mm with micron-scale resolution in real time makes it a promising biomedical imaging modality for dermatologic applications. Three highspeed, spectrometer-based frequency-domain OCT systems operating at 800 nm ͑20,000 A-scans/s͒, 1060 nm, and 1300 nm ͑both 47,000 A-scans/s͒ at comparable signal-to-noise ratio ͑SNR͒, SNR roll-off with scanning depth, and transverse resolution ͑ Ͻ 15 m͒ were used to acquire 3-D tomograms of glabrous and hairy human skin in vivo. Images obtained using these three systems were compared in terms of penetration depth, resolution, and contrast. Normal as well as abnormal sites like moles and scar tissue were examined. In this preliminary study, skin pigmentation had little effect on penetration accomplished at three different wavelengths. The epidermis and dermal-epidermal junction could be properly delineated using OCT at 800 nm, and this wavelength offered better contrast over the other two wavelength regions. OCT at 1300 nm permits imaging of deeper dermal layers, critical for detecting deeper tumor boundaries and other deeper skin pathologies. The performance at 1060 nm compromises between the other wavelengths in terms of penetration depth and image contrast.
Advances in optical coherence tomography for dermatology
Unconventional Optical Imaging, 2018
This paper reports on advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for application in dermatology. Full-field OCT is a particular approach of OCT based on white-light interference microscopy. FF-OCT produces en face tomographic images by arithmetic combination of interferometric images acquired with an area camera and by illuminating the whole field of view with low-coherence light. The major interest of FF-OCT lies in its high imaging spatial resolution (∼ 1.0 µm) in both lateral and axial directions, using a simple and robust experimental arrangement. Line-field OCT (LF-OCT) is a recent evolution of FF-OCT with line illumination and line detection using a broadband spatially coherent light source and a line-scan camera in an interference microscope. LF-OCT and FF-OCT are similar in terms of spatial resolution. LF-OCT has a significant advantage over FF-OCT in terms of imaging penetration depth due to the confocal gate achieved by line illumination and detection. B-scan imaging using FF-OCT requires the acquisition of a stack of en face images, which usually prevents in vivo applications. B-scan imaging using LF-OCT can be considerably faster due to the possibility of using a spatially coherent light source with much higher brightness along with a high-speed line camera. Applied in the field of dermatology, the LF-OCT images reveal a comprehensive morphological mapping of skin tissues in vivo at a cellular level similar to histological images.
High-resolution optical coherence tomography Application in dermatology
2019
Advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for application in dermatology are reported. Full-field OCT and line-field OCT are compared in terms of spatial resolution, penetration and acquisition rate. In vivo imaging of skin lesions is demonstrated with good similarity to histology.
Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2015
At present, beyond clinical assessment, the diagnosis of skin diseases is primarily made histologically. However, skin biopsies have many disadvantages, including pain, scarring, risk of infection, and sampling error. With recent advances in skin imaging technology, the clinical use of imaging methods for the practical management of skin diseases has become an option. The in vivo high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) has recently been developed and commercialized (Skintell®; Agfa, Belgium). Compared with conventional OCT, it has a higher resolution; compared with reflectance confocal microscopy, it has a shorter time for image acquisition as well as a greater penetration depth and a larger field of view. HD-OCT is promising but much work is still required to develop it from a research tool to a valuable adjunct for the noninvasive diagnosis of skin lesions. Substantial work has been done to identify HD-OCT features in various diseases but interpretation can be time-consuming and tedious. Projects aimed at automating these processes and improving image quality are currently under way.
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2010
Context: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emergent imaging technique, based on the interference of infrared radiation and living tissues, that allows the in vivo visualisation of the skin structures, at high resolution and up to 1.6 mm depth. As such, there is mounting evidence that OCT may be an interesting technique for the diagnossis of skin diseases, including the non–invasive early detection of cutaneous tumors.Objective: We aimed to investigate the utility of OCT for the diagnosis of non–melanocytic, non–pigmented cutaneous tumors.Methods: Preliminary results are presented from an initiated study. Fifteen consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of epithelial cancers and precancers registered over one week in an university dermatologic department were included. As control were selected 7 patients with inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, lichen planus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus). In all study and control patients the lesions and samples of normal, perilesional skin were documented by clinical digital photography, contact dermoscopy with digital image capture and OCT with central wavelength of 930 nm. Final diagnosis was certified by histopathological analysis.Results: We could identify morphological features in OCT examination that distinguished between normal and lesional skin, and between neoplastic vs. inflamatory lesions. In the same time, combining OCT and dermatoscopical evaluation of a lesion improved the performance of diagnosis when compared to clinical diagnosis alone and with either OCT or dermoscopy imaging used alone.Conclusions: OCT appears as a promising method of in vivo diagnosis of early neoplastic cutaneous lesions with equivocal clinical and/or dermoscopic aspect. Continuation of our study as well as other larger investigation will be able to contribute with new insights in the role of OCT in the non–invasive diagnosis of skin disease.
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a laser scanning microscopy technique that can provide high resolution, label-free images of living tissues in their native environment that closely resembles the histological sections. In skin, several endogenous components can be visualized, including reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), keratin, melanin, collagen and elastin fibers. The recent development of MPM-based clinical tomographs advanced its practical utility, accelerated its applications and generated increased interest, particularly in the dermatology field. This review summarizes the most recent applications of in vivo MPM imaging in dermatology. We also discuss the challenges of implementing this technology into clinical practice.
Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2003
High-resolution four-dimensional (4-D) optical tomography of human skin based on multiphoton autofluorescence imaging and second harmonic generation (SHG) was performed with the compact femtosecond laser imaging system DermaInspect as well as a modified multiphoton microscope. Femtosecond laser pulses of 80 MHz in the spectral range of 750 to 850 nm, fast galvoscan mirrors, and a time-correlated single-photon counting module have been used to image human skin in vitro and in vivo with subcellular spatial and 250-ps temporal resolution. The nonlinear induced autofluorescence originates from naturally endogenous fluorophores and protein structures such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, flavins, collagen, elastin, porphyrins, and melanin. Second harmonic generation was used to detect collagen structures. Tissues of patients with dermatological disorders such as psoriasis, fungal infections, nevi, and melanomas have been investigated. Individual intratissue cells and skin structures could be clearly visualized. Intracellular components and connective tissue structures could be further characterized by fluorescence excitation spectra, by determination of the fluorescence decay per pixel, and by fluorescence lifetime imaging. The novel noninvasive multiphoton autofluorescence-SHG imaging technique provides 4-D (x,y,z,) optical biopsies with subcellular resolution and offers the possibility of introducing a high-resolution optical diagnostic method in dermatology.
Optical coherence tomography monitors therapy of skin disease
SPIE Newsroom, 2007
... 6. LK Jensen, L. Thrane, et al., “Optical coherence tomography in clinical exam-inations of nonpigmented skin malignancies,” Proc. SPIE 5140, pp. 160–167, 2003. doi:10.1117/12.500665. 7. Jesse Weissman, Tom Hancewicz, and Peter Kaplan, “Optical coherence tomog ...
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2015
One of the most challenging problems in clinical dermatology is the early detection of melanoma. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an added tool to dermoscopy improving considerably diagnostic accuracy. However, diagnosis strongly depends on the experience of physicians. High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) appears to offer additional structural and cellular information on melanocytic lesions complementary to that of RCM. However, the diagnostic potential of HD-OCT seems to be not high enough for ruling out the diagnosis of melanoma if based on morphology analysis. The aim of this paper is first to quantify in vivo optical properties such as light attenuation in melanocytic lesions by HD-OCT. The second objective is to determine the best critical value of these optical properties for melanoma diagnosis. The technique of semi-log plot whereby an exponential function becomes a straight line has been implemented on HD-OCT signals coming from four successive skin layers (epidermis, upper papillary dermis, deeper papillary dermis and superficial reticular dermis). This permitted the HD-OCT in vivo measurement of skin entrance signal (SES), relative attenuation factor normalized for the skin entrance signal (l raf1) and half value layer (z 1/2). The diagnostic accuracy of HD-OCT for melanoma detection based on the optical properties, l raf1 , SES and z 1/2 was high (95.6, 82.2 and 88.9 %, respectively). High negative predictive values could be found for these optical properties (96.7, 89.3 and 96.3 %, respectively) compared to morphologic assessment alone (89.9 %), reducing the risk of mistreating a malignant lesion to a more acceptable level (3.3 % instead of 11.1 %). HD-OCT seems to enable the combination of in vivo morphological analysis of cellular and 3-D microarchitectural structures with in vivo analysis of optical properties of tissue scatterers in melanocytic lesions. In vivo HD-OCT analysis of optical properties permits melanoma diagnosis with higher accuracy than in vivo HD-OCT analysis of morphology alone. Keywords High-definition optical coherence tomography Á Benign nevi Á Dysplastic nevi Á Melanoma Á Melanocytic lesions Á In vivo optical properties Á Scattering Á Absorption Á Light attenuation Á Reflectance