Continued increases in hypertension over three decades in Fiji, and the influence of obesity (original) (raw)
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BMC public health, 2018
To analyse trends over the period 1991-2013 in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 25-64 years in Samoa; and to assess the contribution of rising obesity levels to period trends. Unit record data from seven population-based surveys (n = 10,881) conducted between 1991 and 2013 were included for analysis. Surveys were adjusted to the nearest previous census to improve national representativeness. Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg and/or on medication for hypertension. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI). Poisson, linear and meta-regression were used to assess period trends. Over 1991-2013 mean SBP and DBP (mmHg), and the prevalence of hypertension (%) increased in both sexes. Increases in hypertension were: from 18.3 to 33.9% (p < 0.001) in men (mean BP from 122/74 to 132/78); and from 14.3 to 26.4% (p < 0.001) in women (mean BP from 118/73 to 126/78). The estimate o...
2011
Background & objectives: There are no composite estimates on prevalence of hypertension among indigenous tribes in India. The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, its association with determinants, and to assess the hypertension related behaviour of the Nicobarese aborigines. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried during 2007 and 2009. Subjects were chosen by two stage design. Total 975 subjects of 1270 (response rate of 76.8%) were investigated (M: 43.5%; F: 56.5%). The data were collected by history, clinical examination (blood pressure), and examination (weight and height). The association of hypertension with age, education, tobacco, alcohol consumption and their dependency status (KF score, QF value, and AUDIT score) and nutritional status was estimated by bivariate regression analysis; the increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension with increasing age and decreasing educational status was analysed by χ2 for linear trend. S...
A conceptual framework for managing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Fiji
Perspectives in Public Health, 2013
The Republic of Fiji, in concert with other developing Pacific Island nations, have seen a decrease in infectious diseases and a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 CVD has become the leading cause of death, 1 with proportional mortality increasing from around 20% in the 1960s to over 45% today. 2 Limited data are available comparing Fiji's two main ethnic groups (Indigenous-Fijian and Indo-Fijian), though at least one study has found higher CVD mortality rates among Indigenous-Fijian men compared to Indo-Fijian men; after accounting for all other measured risk factors, the relative risk (RR) for CVD mortality was lower among Indo-Fijian men (RR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.82) but not women (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.32-1.05). 3 The same study also found deaths due to coronary heart disease (CHD) to be higher in urban compared to rural areas.
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Background: Lifestyle factors associated with hypertension (HT) in South Asian populations are relatively unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of undiagnosed HT and factors associated with it in a cohort of males from the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Methods: The study group consisted of 2462 males (mean age 31 years, range: 16-72 years) who underwent a routine medical examination at the National Transport Medical Institute, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Participants with previously diagnosed heart disease, diabetes, hypertension or other chronic illnesses were excluded from this study. Dietary and other lifestyle factors were studied using validated self-administered questionnaires. Body Mass Index (BMI) cutoff values for Asians were used to categorize the subjects according to weight status. The association of individual dietary and lifestyle patterns with HT was assessed by fitting into binary logistic regression models. Results: The mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of the individuals were 125.9 mmHg and 80. 5 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence rate of undiagnosed HT was 31.7%. Both SBP and DBP showed significant positive correlations with age, weight, BMI and waist circumference. After adjusting for potential confounders, HT was associated with older age (p = 0.001) and increased weight status (p < 0.001) with trends of association for level of education (p = 0.058). Level of income, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, smoking, physical activity level, ethnic difference, consumption of fruits, fish, meat, dairy, sweets or fried snacks were not significantly associated with HT. Obese males were 92.1% [odds ratio: 1.9 (1.4-2.7)] more likely to be hypertensive compared to normal weight males. Conclusions: Undiagnosed HT is prevalent at an alarming rate among adult males in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Its association with age and BMI (weight status) highlights the importance of routine screening for HT as well as interventions targeted at reducing obesity to curb the rise of this modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factor.
A survey of undiagnosed hypertension among market traders in Suva, Fiji Islands
African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2020
Routine check and optimal control of blood pressure have been recommended to reduce the high cardiovascular disease burden in the Southern Pacific. As demographic profile in the Pacific Island countries continues to transition, the burden of cardiovascular disease is importunately affecting more younger and high stress population. In collaboration with the Healthy Setting Initiative of the Ministry of health, we conducted a survey of blood pressure among market traders in Suva City Central and Nasouri markets of Fiji Islands. Following ethical approval and informed consent, we obtained socio-demographic data, and measured anthropometric indices and blood pressure of asymptomatic adult market traders of Suva City and Nasouri market using standard procedures. Participants comprised of 189 traders (52% females); with mean body mass index of 30kg/m2, weight of 82kg and waist circumference of 101cm. Overall, 152(80%) had sub-optimal blood pressure: elevated 23(12%), stage I: 70(37%), sta...
IJSRST16262 | Prevalence of Hypertension among the Adults in Varakavipudi Vs Inamadugu Nellore
Background: Elevated blood pressure is rising nearly 30 percent in teens, and by 2025, hypertension will affect 1.56 billion adults worldwide. This is a growing health concern; untreated high blood pressure may damage organs in the body and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and brain hemorrhage. Aim: To assess the prevalence of hypertension. Setting and Design: The study was conducted in Varakavipudi (coastal area) and Inamadugu (non coastal area) by using a descriptive design. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 samples were included in this study. Among this, 250 samples belongs to coastal area and 250 samples belongs to noncoastal area by using convenience sampling technique. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics based on the objectives of the study. Results: In Varakavipudi, Out of 250 samples, With regard to the category of the blood pressure 28(11.2%) are stage-I, 10(4%)are stage-II, 35(14%)are grade-I, and 5(2%)are grade-II isolated systolic hypertension. Known Hypertensive cases are 50(20%), Newly diagnosed cases are 28(11.2%). With regard to BMI, among 250 samples 36(14.4%) were overweight and 13(5.2%) were obese. in Inamadugu, among 250 samples, 92(36.8 %) are stage-I, 2(0.8%) are stage-III, 50(20%) are grade-I. Known Hypertensive cases are 69(27.6%). Newly diagnosed cases are 93(37.2%). With regard to BMI among 250 samples, 30(12%) were overweight and 10(4%) were obese. Conclusion: The above results showed that blood pressure values are high in the Inamadugu (noncoastal area) than Varakavipudi (coastal area).
Diabetes and obesity trends in Fiji over 30 years
Journal of diabetes, 2015
No systematic comparison has been conducted in Fiji using all suitable surveys of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity prevalence, after adjusting for differences in methodology, definitions and demographic characteristics. Unit records from 6 cross-sectional surveys of Fiji adults were included. Surveys were variously adjusted for age, ethnicity (Fiji Melanesians, i-Taukei, and Fijians of Asian Indian descent, Indians) and urban-rural by sex to previous censuses to improve national representativeness. Trends were assessed using meta-regression (random effect models) and estimates projected to 2020. Poisson regression of strata was used to assess effect of BMI increases on T2DM period trends. Over 1980-2011, T2DM prevalence increased from 3.2 to 11.1% (1.32%/5yrs) in i-Taukei men; 5.3-13.6% (1.40%/5yrs) i-Taukei women; 11.1-17.9% (1.24%/5yrs) Indian men; 11.2-19.9% (1.71%/5yrs) Indian women. Projected T2DM prevalence in 2020 is 13.3% in i-Taukei men; 16.7% i-Taukei women; 23....
Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi/The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 2012
Objective: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide with increasing prevalence. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors among adult population in Afyonkarahisar region. Methods: In this cross-sectional research, regarding the population distribution totally 2035 subjects, randomly selected from 75 different parts of our city, both the urban and the rural areas, were included in this epidemiologic research. After the administration of a questionnaire to the subjects, blood samples were taken and physical examinations were performed. Socio-demographic features, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, family history of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), smoking, and number of births were evaluated as possible risk factors for hypertension. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 24.2% (31.3% in women, 14.1% in men, p<0.001). Its prevalence increased with age (from 2.2% to 50.4%, p<0.001). Age, gender, DM, family history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), CHD and income levels were significant risk factors. Diabetic patients had 2.35 times (95%CI 1.70-3.25: p<0.0001) more risk, people who had positive family history 2.23 times (95%CI 1.62-3.07: p<0.0001) more risk and those with high BMI 2.15 times (95%CI 1.66-2.78: p<0.0001) more risk to develop HT than who did not have these factors. In addition, women have 2.74 times (95%CI 2.08-3.62: p<0.0001), more risk than men for HT. We determined CHD and low income as other risk factors for HT (OR=2.32, 95%CI 1.48-3.64: p<0.0001) and OR=1.47, 95%CI 1.08-2.02: p=0.016 respectively). Conclusion: Hypertension is an important health problem in our region. We think that it is possible to reduce the hypertension prevalence with lifestyle changes and educating people, regarding the risk factors.
Factors associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the Talaud islands regency
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death for cases of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia. Basic Health Research in 2018 by the ministry of health of the republic of Indonesia found the number of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes mellitus has increased compared to revious research. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of hypertension in the Talaud Islands Regency. Methods: This is a survey research using cross sectional method, the instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of samples are 100 people with purposive sampling technique. Results: The results of the chi square analysis show that gender does not associate with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.641), age has no association with the occurrence of hypertension (p value 0.641), obesity and hypertension showed that there was a significant association (p value 0....