Review on The Prediction of Residual Stress in Welded Steel Components (original) (raw)
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Influence of welding parameters on the welding residual stresses
2017
FE simulation of welds from austenitic steel was carried out in the current paper. Two different multi-pass welds were modelled. Measurements of welding residual stresses, which were found in literature, were applied for the validation of the results. The validated models were then used as basis for sensitivity analysis. The influence of differentiating the welding speed, the heat input of the weld heat source, intermediate cooling between consecutive weld-passes and welding sequence on the welding residual stresses was investigated.
DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES OF WELDED JOINTS PREPARED UNDER
Welded joints are used for construction of many structures. Welding is a joining or repair process which induces high residual stress field, which combines with stresses resulting from in-service loads, strongly influencing in-service behavior of welded components. When compared with stresses due to service loads, tensile residual stress reduces crack initiation life, accelerates growth rate of pre-existing or service-induced defects, and increases the susceptibility of structure to failure by fracture. Also, welding residual stresses are formed in a structure as a result of differential contractions which occur as the weld metal solidifies and cools to ambient temperature.
Characterization of residual stress and defects in welded specimen
A thesis subm itted in partial fulfillm ent o f the requirem ents for the M aster o f Science D egree in M echanical E n gineering D epartm ent o f M ech anical E ngineering H oward R. H ughes C ollege o f E n gineering G rad u ate C ollege U n iversity o f N evada, Las Vegas D ecem b er 2006 R eproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Materials & Design, 2010
Numerical simulations of welding processes are complex and computationally expensive. Several simplificative hypotheses are typically used in the simulations for time saving considerations, some of which have been explored in this work. The simulations carried out have been performed at process level (butt weld of two thin Nickel alloy plates). Looking for a representative simplified model, the study carried out basically affects the use of different well known temperature field solutions taken as input data, and the influence that the variation of the mechanical properties with temperature has on the solution of the problem. Experimental validations have been performed to check the influence of the simplificative hypotheses on the residual stress and displacement fields. The comparison between numerical and experimental data shows that, in most cases, the simplificative hypotheses lead to quite acceptable results. The application of these simplificative hypotheses is useful at preliminary design stages, allowing a higher number of simulations for the search of an optimum design to be carried out. This study, performed in the framework of the European Project ''VERDI", is oriented towards helping complex manufacturing processes involving different stages (metal deposition, welding, heat treatment, shot penning, machining,. . .) each of them requiring expensive numerical simulations. The creation of a simulation chain in which each step would be analyzed by simplified fast simulation tools would allow these preliminary stages of design to be optimized.
Influence of Welding Defects on Residual Stresses: Numerical Study
Advanced Materials Research, 2014
This paper presents a study on the application of the finite element methods to predict the influence of a defect on the residual stress distribution in a T-welded structure. A defect is introduced in a numerical model firstly without residual stress to see its impact (size and position) on the stress distribution. Secondly the most critical defect (determined previously) is simulated with a residual stress gradient. The obtained results are useful for computation stress concentration factor due to weld residual stresses.
The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2010
In making residual stress measurements in welds, a common problem is that the samples are often cut before measurement, which may alter the stresses. To estimate the effects of cutting, a simplified method of modelling residual stresses in welds was developed, known as chill modelling, which requires limited material data and no welding process data. The method can be performed with elastic finite element analysis. The method does not predict the value of the stresses, just the relative reduction that occurs after cutting. The method was validated against published synchrotron measurements of welded plates, which were cut and remeasured a number of times. For welded plates only, an empirical equation was developed that predicts the change in stress after cutting.
Residual stress simulation of circumferential welded joints
Applied and Computational Mechanics, 2007
Residual stresses are an important consideration in the component integrity and life assessment of welded structure. The welding process is very complex time dependent physical phenomenon with material nonlinearity. The welding is a thermal process with convection between fluid flow and welding body, between welding bodyand environment. Next type of boundary conditions is radiation and thermo-mechanical contact on the outer surface of gas pipe in the near of weld. The temperature variation so obtained is utilised to find the distribution of the stress field.In this paper, a brief review of weld simulation and residual stress modelling using the finite element method (FEM) by commercial software ANSYS is presented. Thermo-elastic-plastic formulations using a von Mises yield criterion with nonlinear kinematics hardening has been employed. Residual axial and hoop stresses obtained from the analysis have been shown. The commercial FEM code ANSYS was used for coupled thermalmechanical an...
Fracture and Structural Integrity, 2016
This paper summarizes the results of the through-thickness residual stress distributions on dissimilar metal weld (DMW) mock-up. DMWs, as welded joints between ferritic steels and either austenitic stainless steels or nickel-based alloys, are commonly found in piping systems of NPPs as well as in other industrial plants. The welding of the mock-up is simulated by the 3D finite element model using temperature and phase dependent material properties. The commercial finite element code MSC.Marc is used to obtain the numerical results by implementing the Goldak's double ellipsoidal shaped weld heat source and combined convection radiation boundary conditions. Residual stress measurements are performed on welded joints to validate the simulation results. The validated residual stress distributions can be used for the life time assessment and failure mode predictions of the welded joints.
Review on Determination of residual stress in Weldments
2017
1Assistant Professor (Sr. G), 2,3,4 UG Scholars Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore – 641022 ---------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper presents the literature review on determination of welding residual stresses in weldments. In this paper, a detailed study on residual stress and the different methods to determine the residual stresses is carried out. There are different cases dealt in this study. The specimen is mainly steel pipe. It is cut into two and the ends are grooved with an opening angle of 45°C and the ends are welded together. This is the region where the residual stresses will be induced and the different methods in which residual stresses can be found is discussed. The main objective of this review is to describe about the several types of methods to determine the residual stresses in steel pipes and to find a suit...
On the Influence of Welding Residual Stresses on the Dynamic Behavior of Structures
Shock and Vibration, 2008
It is widely known that welding processes induce the generation of residual stresses, which, through the so-named stress stiffening effect, can influence the static and dynamic behavior of the welded components. Thus, accounting for this influence becomes important for the understanding of experimental observations and accurate modeling of the dynamic behavior. In this study, the numerical and experimental characterization of the influence of welding residual stresses on the flexural dynamic characteristics of rectangular plates is addressed. It is suggested a general modeling methodology based on finite elements comprising three subsequent analyses, namely: a thermal analysis to compute the transient temperature history due to welding thermal loading; a structural analysis accounting for plastic strains to obtain the welding residual stress fields and geometric distortions, and a dynamic analysis to compute the dynamic characteristics taking into account the stress-stiffening effect and geometric distortions. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of welding residual stresses in the prediction of the flexural dynamic behavior of plates and the feasibility and efficiency of the simplified modeling approach, which can readily be extended to more complex situations, for characterizing this influence.