Introductory Chapter: Actual Issues (Moments) in Herbicide Resistance Weeds and Crops (original) (raw)

Evolution of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Agro-ecological Systems

Advanced Chemicobiology Research

Weed management through herbicides continues to be the most efficient and cost-effective component of integrated weed management (IWM) in crop production systems. However, the current production systems are characterised by intensive, inappropriate use of herbicides along with misapplication which creates selection pressure and leads to the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. Currently, there are 511 unique cases of herbicide-resistant weed species globally, involving 266 species and these comprise 153 and 113 dicots and monocots respectively. To date, herbicide resistance has been reported from 96 crops in more than 71 countries. Furthermore, weeds have evolved resistance to 21 of the 31 known sites of herbicide action in different crops. Understanding the mechanisms of herbicide resistance is therefore essential which when coupled with the ecological and management factors that affect herbicide resistance would lead to the development of appropriate, profitable, and ...

Mechanisms of herbicide resistance in weeds

Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017

In major field crops, synthetic herbicides have been used to control weeds worldwide. Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds should be minimized because it is a major limiting factor for food security. Cross resistance can occur with herbicides within the same or in different herbicide families and with the same or different sites of action. Multiple resistance refers to evolved mechanisms of resistance to more than one herbicide (e.g., resistance to both ALS-inhibitors and ACCase-inhibitors) and this resistance was brought about by separate selection processes. Target site resistance could occur from changes at the biochemical site of action of one herbicide. Non target site resistance occurs through mechanisms which reduce the number of herbicide molecules that reach the herbicide target site. There are currently 480 unique cases (species × site of action) of herbicide resistance globally in 252 plant species (145 dicots and 105 monocots). To date, resistance in weeds has been reported to 161 different herbicides, involving 23 of the 26 known herbicide sites of action. Finally, it can be concluded that we can protect crops associated to herbicide resistant weeds by applications of biochemical, genetic and crop control strategies.

Herbicide-resistant weeds: from research and knowledge to future needs

Evolutionary Applications, 2013

Synthetic herbicides have been used globally to control weeds in major field crops. This has imposed a strong selection for any trait that enables plant populations to survive and reproduce in the presence of the herbicide. Herbicide resistance in weeds must be minimized because it is a major limiting factor to food security in global agriculture. This represents a huge challenge that will require great research efforts to develop control strategies as alternatives to the dominant and almost exclusive practice of weed control by herbicides. Weed scientists, plant ecologists and evolutionary biologists should join forces and work towards an improved and more integrated understanding of resistance across all scales. This approach will likely facilitate the design of innovative solutions to the global herbicide resistance challenge.

Global Status of Herbicide Resistance Development: Challenges and Management Approaches

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2017

Chemicals are widely recommended for the suppression of weed in crop land. This paper attempts to a greater integration of ideas into the development of herbicide resistance. This may lead researchers to focus less on simply defining herbicide resistance and more towards comprehensive investigations of the resistance development. Weed expert in collaboration with plant biologists can work in synergy to come up with better approach and innovation aimed to curtain herbicides resistance challenges. Chemical herbicides exert undue pressure on weed fitness and the diversity of weed community's changes over time in response to both herbicides and other strategies imposed on them. Repeatedly and intensively, the regular application of herbicides with similar effect may swiftly result in population shifts to tolerant, difficult to suppress and ultimately result to weed community that is herbicide resistant, particularly in absence of using herbicides with different modes of action. Weed expert and evolutionary biologists have to work in synergy toward an improve and broader knowledge of plant resistant development. This collaboration is likely to proffer innovative solutions to the herbicide resistance challenges.