A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents (original) (raw)
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This meta-analysis examined studies of the Risk and Protective factors in relation to trauma and post-traumatic stress disorders of children exposed to political and community violence. Review of 109 articles was done using Psych info and other documents published by the author. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with evidence for greater risk factors included proximity to the traumatic event, personal predisposition/temperament Co-morbid psychopathology with other disorders, older age, living in inner-city areas, being, and presence chronic family adversities. While, protective factors were found to be presence of coping strategies , presence of family and of social support.
Paediatric Drugs
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition in childhood and adolescence. Rates vary widely depending upon the type of trauma exposure. Interpersonal traumas, such as rape or physical abuse, are more likely to result in PTSD than exposure to natural or technological disaster. Clinical presentations are exceedingly complex and children with PTSD are at increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Because of its complexity and frequent occurrence with other disorders, assessment of PTSD necessitates a broad-based evaluation utilizing multiple informations and structured instruments specific to the symptoms of PTSD in youth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment of first choice. Pharmacological agents for PTSD treatment have received little empirical investigation in childhood. Pharmacological treatment is used to target disabling symptoms of the disorder, which limit psychotherapy or life functioning, by helping children to tolerat...
Risk and Protective factors in relation to trauma and ptsd2-2-2017.pdf
This meta-analysis examined studies of the Risk and Protective factors in relation to trauma and post-traumatic stress disorders of children exposed to political and community violence. Review of 109 articles was done using Psych info and other documents published by the author. Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with evidence for greater risk factors included proximity to the traumatic event, personal predisposition/temperament Co-morbid psychopathology with other disorders, older age, living in inner-city areas, being, and presence chronic family adversities. While, protective factors were found to be presence of coping strategies, presence of family and of social support. Citation: Abdel Aziz Mousa Thabet. "Risk and Protective Factors in Relation to Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review". EC Psychology and Psychiatry 2.4 (2017): 122-138.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Rates of exposure to violence and traumatic events for children and adolescents are exceedingly high. In a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in the United States, 60.4% reported exposure in the past year, with lifetime rates nearly a half to one-third higher, depending on exposure type. 1 Many children and adolescents experience repeated exposure or multiple types of events over their lifetime. 1,2 Rates of trauma exposure for youth in war-involved or high-conflict countries are even higher. 3–5 The range of potentially traumatic events includes exposure to domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, and community violence, and experiencing the violent death of a loved one, among others. A significant number of children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events develop posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other common trauma-related sequelae, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and externalizing behavioral disorders. Rates of PTSD among children and adolescents vary, depending on the study population of focus (eg, traumatized sample vs community sample) and particular type of trauma examined (eg, sexual abuse and extreme interpersonal trauma are associated with higher rates of PTSD). According to
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2007
Context: Traumatic events are common and are related to psychiatric impairment in childhood. Little is known about the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across different types of trauma exposure in children.
Interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents
Clinical features, epidemiology, and aetiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are outlined. Treatment outcome studies involving children with PTSD who have survived traumatic accidents, natural disasters and child sexual abuse are reviewed. An evidence- based assessment and treatment protocol is outlined for children and adolescents with PTSD. Key components of effective treatment are psychoeducation about trauma reactions, sustained exposure to trauma-related cues and memories until habituation occurs, coping skills training for children to help them manage anxiety, and parent training to equip parents with the skills to help them facilitate their children’s recovery.