Screening for Elder Abuse Among Turkish Older People: Validity of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S "East") (original) (raw)
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Validation of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test
Journal of Applied Gerontology, 1991
Elder abuse is recognized as an underdetected and an underreported social problem. Difficulties in detecting elder abuse are compounded by lack of a standardized, psychometrically valid instrument for case finding. The authors examined the construct validity of the 15-item Hwalek- Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST). Nine items were found to discriminate significantly among three groups: (a) elders whose reported abuse was substantiated by adult protective services (APS) case workers, (b) elders whose reported abuse was not substantiated by APS workers, and (c) a community-based comparison group. The data suggest that this short, easy-to-administer screening device can be useful to service providers interested in identifying people at high risk of the need for protective services.
A Screening Instrument for Identifying Elderly at Risk of Abuse and Neglect
1985
Recently more attention ha. been focused on elder abuse, with laws enacted requiring reporting of this crime. Since service providers often do not recognize elder abuse, a validated screening tool for elder abuse is needed. A screening tool called the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Protocol has been developed and is currently being validated. The screening tool contains 16 indicators which include the following: (1) the elderly person's feelings of fear, unwantedness, or depression; (2) the caretaker's alcohol abuse, financial dependence on the elderly person, lying, stressed condition, or misunderstanding of the elderly person's condition; (3) the elderly person has been threatened, hurt or his personal needs not met; (4) marital stress in the family; and (5) financial stress in the family. Content validity, criterion related validity, and construct validity are examined and a reliability study is planned. This tool has advantages over other tools because it examines psychological and behavioral indicators rather than just demographic indicators. A need for further validation by the research community is noted. (The Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Protocol is included.) (ABL)
Screening for Vulnerability to Abuse Among Older Women: Women's Health Australia Study
Journal of Applied Gerontology, 2002
The validity of a brief self-report screening measure for elder abuse was examined on a nationally representative sample of more than 12,000 older women in the baseline survey of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. The screening instrument was a modification of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis and correlation with a wide range of sociodemographic, psychological, and healthrelated variables. Four factors, each of three items, were identified representing the following domains: Vulnerability, Dependence, Dejection, and Coercion. The Vulnerability and Coercion factors had the highest face validity for abuse and demonstrated moderate to good construct validity. The six items comprising these factors may provide a simple screening tool for elder abuse. The identified correlates of abuse indicators have the potential to enhance policy development, screening, intervention, and carer support programs.
Screening for elder mistreatment in dental and medical clinics
Gerodontology, 2012
Objective-Elder mistreatment (EM) is a potentially fatal and largely unrecognised problem in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of EM in busy clinics and specifically, we report on the feasibility of screening for EM as well as the appropriate instrumentation for screening.
Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2017
Background/aim: The most important issues in elder abuse and neglect are lack of awareness and difficulties in determining the situation. Our aim is to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST).Materials and methods: The H-S/EAST (15-itemed, three-dimensional: direct abuse, characteristics of vulnerability, and potentially abusive situation) was translated according to the guidelines and experts evaluated it for content validity and cultural adaptation. Participants' (n = 252) mean age was 73.4 ± 6.4 years and 58.3% were female. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) and the Barthel Index were used for validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis for content validity, t-test for construct validity, and discriminant ability were used. SPSS 15.0 was used for analysis and statistical significance was P < 0.05...
Revista de Saúde Pública
OBJECTIVE Adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale to identify risk of domestic violence against older adults in Brazil. METHODS The instrument was adapted and validated in a sample of 151 older adults from a geriatric reference center in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, in 2014. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and abuse-related information, and verified reliability by reproducibility in a sample of 55 older people, who underwent re-testing of the instrument seven days after the first application. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed for all variables, with a significance level of 5%. The construct validity was analyzed by the principal components method with a tetrachoric correlation matrix, the reliability of the scale by the weighted Kappa (Kp) statistic, and the internal consistency by the Kuder-Richardson estimator formula 20 (KR-20). RESULTS The average age of the participants...
Objectives: There have been no previous studies measuring the prevalence of elder abuse in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to provide an evidence base of the prevalence of elder abuse, some of the populations most affected and the observed impacts of it. Methods: The second wave of the New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NZLSA) in 2012 had a national random sample of 2,987 older New Zealanders aged aged between 52 and 86 years, 1,699 of whom were 65 years and older. The Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) which was developed for the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health as a self-report screening scale for elder abuse was applied. Four sub-scales: vulnerability; dependence; dejection; and coercion, each containing 3 questions, enabled the identification of different types of elder abuse. The responses also enabled the calculation of an evidence based measure of prevalence and a base to apply future projections from. The responses were assessed for associations with gender, marital status and ethnicity and then further tested for statistical associations with a range of health and wellbeing measures, including CASP-12, WHOQoL-8, SF-12 Physical and Mental Health components, CES-D Screening Test for Depression and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale Findings: The study demonstrated that elder abuse, as measured by VASS, was prevalent for at least 1 in 10 participants aged 65 years and over on each of the four sub-scales. Items concerning psychological abuse were more frequent than those associated with coercion and physical abuse. Women experienced significantly more abuse than men on three subscales, but surprisingly men were significantly more coerced than women. Māori experienced significantly more elder abuse when compared with non-Māori on all four subscales. Divorced, separated and widowed older people experienced a greater level of dejection with sad and lonely feelings, whereas partnered people showed lower levels. Consistent statistical correlations were found between elder abuse and lower levels of health and wellbeing, and higher levels of depression and loneliness. Regression analysis identified the variables most strongly associated with each elder abuse component. Loneliness was the only one very closely associated with all four. An exponential increase in elder abuse was identified using population projection data if nothing is done to reduce it. A 40 percent increase in the decade to 2023 and a 32 percent increase from that enlarged base from 2023 to 2033 was projected. Conclusion: Elder abuse is pervasive in New Zealand, even though the vast majority of elderly people don't experience it. Furthermore it further marginalises people who are already marginalised. The damage to people of elder abuse is consistently negative and costly to health and welfare services as a consequence.
The abuse of older adults is a serious public health issue that can be difficult to identify at the first level of care. Medical and nursing personnel are sometimes unable to identify older adults who suffer family mistreatment. This can occur when victims feel shame or as a result of cultural factors. In the light of this, healthcare personnel require a screening tool that can be used to identify signs of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for detecting the familial mistreatment of older adults in primary care settings. A mixed method cross-sectional study was carried out in three phases between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico. The formative phase involved using a qualitative methodology to identify terms that older adults use to identify practices defined as forms of mistreatment. On this basis, the second phase involved the design of a screening tool through the formation of items in collaboration with a panel of experts. These items were tested on older adults to ensure their intelligibility. Finally, validity and reliability levels were evaluated through the application of the screening tool to a sample of older adults at a primary care facility and at a legal centre. These findings were discussed with gerontologists, and the data were analysed through an exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and Cronbach’s alpha using STATA v13. From the results, we generated a screening tool that is culturally and socially tailored to older adults in Mexico. The tool has a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89, a sensitivity value of 86% (p < .05) and a specificity value of 90% (p < .05) for positive answers to the tool’s 15 items. Applying this tool at the first level of care could limit damage to older adults’ health and could lower the frequency of emergency room use in hospitals.
Elder self neglect: A geriatric syndrome or a life course story
Journal of Aging Studies
Aims: To explore the unique aspects of the elder self-neglect phenomenon and to achieve phenomenological understanding of self-neglect through the eyes of self-neglecting elders. Method: A qualitative study based on a sample of 16 self-neglecting elders. Data collection was performed through in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by content analysis. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the older participants: "I was unlucky:" a life course of suffering; "That's the way it is:" self-neglect as a routine of life; "They tell me that I'm disabled:" old age as exposing situations of self-neglect; "My empire:" how do I perceive my old age. Conclusions: Self-neglect is not necessarily an issue of old age, but is related to the person's life history. Self-neglect as a way of life accompanied the participants into old age, but it was not originated or created there. The overall message of the self-neglecting elders was to see them as human beings and not as old neglected people; not to label them as an "age syndrome" but to perceive them in a holistic and humanistic manner.