Microfluidic for Lab-on-a-Chip (original) (raw)

Microfluidic platforms for lab-on-a-chip applications

Lab on a Chip, 2007

We review microfluidic platforms that enable the miniaturization, integration and automation of biochemical assays. Nowadays nearly an unmanageable variety of alternative approaches exists that can do this in principle. Here we focus on those kinds of platforms only that allow performance of a set of microfluidic functions-defined as microfluidic unit operations-which can be easily combined within a well defined and consistent fabrication technology to implement application specific biochemical assays in an easy, flexible and ideally monolithically way. The microfluidic platforms discussed in the following are capillary test strips, also known as lateral flow assays, the microfluidic large scale integration approach, centrifugal microfluidics, the electrokinetic platform, pressure driven droplet based microfluidics, electrowetting based microfluidics, SAW driven microfluidics and, last but not least, free scalable non-contact dispensing. The microfluidic unit operations discussed within those platforms are fluid transport, metering, mixing, switching, incubation, separation, droplet formation, droplet splitting, nL and pL dispensing, and detection.

Usage of microfluidic lab-on-chips in biomedicine

Lab-on-chip systems comprise a class of devices that integrate fluidics and electronics on a single chip. Lab-on-chip devices are capable of handling and analysing chemical and biological liquid samples. Microfluidic devices comprise a broader group that includes lab-on-chip devices and also micro total analysis systems (TAS). The formers are devoted to laboratory use, such as sample testing and handling, while the latter focuses mostly on biochemical analysis down to molecular level. Lab-on-chip devices facilitate automated operations such as sample handling, separation and liquid mixing. Furthermore, lab-on-chip devices force the development of point-of-care devices, which are expected to become the leading technology for diagnosis and therapeutics in personalized medicine.

Design Techniques for Microfluidic Devices Implementation Applicable to Chemical Analysis Systems

Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering, 2019

This chapter provides a guide for microfluidic devices development and optimization focused on chemical analysis applications, which includes medicine, biology, chemistry, and environmental monitoring, showing high-level performance associated with a specific functionality. Examples are chemical analysis, solid phase extraction, chromatography, immunoassay analysis, protein and DNA separation, cell sorting and manipulation, cellular biology, and mass spectrometry. In this chapter, most information is related to microfluidic devices design and fabrication used to perform several steps concerning chemical analysis, process preparation of reagents, samples reaction and detection, regarding water quality monitoring. These steps are especially relevant to lab-on-chip (LOC) and micro-total-analysis-systems (μTAS). μTAS devices are developed in order to simplify analytical chemist work, incorporating several analytical procedures into flow systems. In the case of miniaturized devices, the ...

Microfluidic and Transducer Technologies for Lab on a Chip Applications

2010 Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Embc), 2010

Point-of-care diagnostic devices typically require six distinct qualities: they must deliver at least the same sensitivity and selectivity, and for a cost per assay no greater than that of today's central lab technologies, deliver results in a short period of time (<15 min at GP; <2h in hospital), be portable or at least small in scale, and require no or extremely little sample preparation. State-of-the-art devices deliver information of several markers in the same measurement.

A microfluidic device technology for high-throughput diagnostic application

2003

The IVD industry is moving toward the increased use of microfluidics. This technology offers the benefits of low cost and high throughput, providing parallel sample and assay analysis via disposable chips that can be fabricated from polymer, glass or quartz, silicon, and other materials that support the movement and processing of biological samples and associated reagents.1-3 Microfluidic components enhance both economy and productivity in testing by enabling parallel processing to be implemented on a single small substrate. Cost savings also are engendered by minimized use of biological materials, limited consumption of expensive reagents, and the employment of inexpensive disposable components and materials.

Microfluidics in Bioanalytical Instrumentation

2013

Portable and field deployable analytical instruments are attractive in many fields, including medical diagnostics where point-of-care and on-site diagnostics systems capable of providing rapid quantitative results have the potential to improve the productivity and quality of medical care. A major limitation and impediment to the usage of portable and field deployable microfluidic chip based analytical instruments in solving real world analytical problems has been the scarcity of commercially available portable or field deployable platforms, which are fully flexible for research. The bench-top analytical instrument , the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 used in this research is a microfluidic chip-based platform with fluorescence detection system, available on the market since 1999. Originally, this instrument was capable of electrophoretic analysis of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA), with user-tailored application solutions including chips, reagents and pre-develope...

Development of low-cost microfluidic systems for lab-on-a-chip biosensor applications

NanoBiotechnology, 2006

In this work, we develop low-cost microfluidic systems based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for lab-on-a-chip applications. PDMS microfluidic structures have been fabricated by micromolding, PDMS casting, and plasma bonding processes. The micromolding technique is used to fabricate PDMS slabs with micro-sized grooves, and the complete microchannel is formed by bonding PDMS slab with glass or PDMS substrate. The molding procedure using SU-8 photoresist patterning on silicon wafer, PDMS microchannel fabrication, and PDMS surface treatment using oxygen plasma and TiO 2 coating, are discussed. The various parameters for oxygen plasma treatment including RF power and treatment time are studied in order to obtain conditions for good bonding with the glass substrate. The best condition for plasma treatment is found to be the low RF power (8 W) with 5 min treatment time. In addition, TiO 2 coating with oxygen plasma treatment has been applied to make PDMS surface more hydrophilic to improve aqueous solution compatilbility. The microfluidic channels for various applications, including sample injection cross channel, micropump channel, T and Y sample mixers, PCR thermocycling chamber and channel, capillary electrophoresis flow channel, and conductimetric systems have been fabricated. Finally, a typical application of the PDMS chip in a flow injection conductimetric system for sodium chloride detection has been demonstrated.