Characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III clinical isolates in northeast India (original) (raw)
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Identification and isolation of Genotype-I Japanese Encephalitis virus from encephalitis patients
Virology Journal, 2010
Historically, Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III (GIII) has been responsible for human diseases. In recent years, JEV genotype I (GI) has been isolated from mosquitoes collected in numerous countries, but has not been isolated from patients with encephalitis. In this study, we report recovery of JEV GI live virus and identification of JEV GI RNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of encephalitis patients in JE endemic areas of China. Whole-genome sequencing and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the JEV isolate from the CSF samples was performed. The isolate in this study is highly similar to other JEV GI strains which isolated from mosquitoes at both the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genomic sequence showed that the isolate belongs to JEV GI, which is consistent with the phylogenetic analysis based on the pre-membrane (PrM) and Glycoprotein genes. As a conclusion, this is the first time to isolate JEV GI strain from CSF samples of encephalitis patients, so continuous survey and evaluate the infectivity and pathogenecity of JEV GI strains are necessary, especially for the JEV GI strains from encephalitis patients. With respect to the latter, because all current JEV vaccines (live and inactivated are derived from JEV GIII strains, future studies should be aimed at investigating and monitoring cross-protection of the human JEV GI isolates against widely used JEV vaccines.
Journal of General Virology, 2010
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) consists of five genotypes (GI-V). Phylogenetic characterization of 16 JEV strains isolated from the 'USSR', Japan and Korea during the 1930-1970s revealed that 15 strains fell into GIII, confirming that GIII was the predominant genotype of JEV in Japan and Korea between 1935 (isolation of the prototype strain; a GIII virus) and the 1990s (when GI supplanted GIII). One of the Korean isolates fell into GII, demonstrating that GII has been circulating for at least 19 years longer than previously thought. Formerly, GII was associated with endemic disease and this genotype had never been isolated north of Southern Thailand. Additionally, the northern border of GIII prevalence was extended from Japan to the 'USSR'.
Indian Journal of Microbiology Research
Japanese encephalitis Virus (JEV) a flaviviridae family member (genus Flavivirus) is the main cause of meta-zoonotic viral encephalitis in many Asian countries. The disease was primarily reported in 1952 from Nagpur territory of Maharashtra recording nearly 16 deaths of an unknown viral encephalitis which was later awarded to be JEV; just nearer to Chandrapur reporting the present catastrophes.Hence we have undertaken present study to make a countable move not only towards the diagnosis of the diseases but also to restrict its future spread in Indian continent. Which will also aid medical practitioners to combat with this metazoonotic disorder.Amongst total suspected population nearly these 20 males and 22 females were positive. Considering monthly distribution most number of suspected cases were seen in the month of July. Most number of JEV affected population was seen more in the age group of 1 to 5 years of children and with advancement of the age reduction in the number of serop...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012
Japanese encephalitis (JE), a neurotrophic disease, was first recorded in the state of West Bengal, India in 1973. Since then JE is being reported every year from different districts. With a view to identify the JE cases accurately, a study was undertaken to detect the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as the etiologic agent from the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases and to identify its distribution in different districts. We report the results of 513 blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples referred/collected from the hospitalized AES cases. The samples were initially subjected to Mac-ELISA test followed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for the detection of IgM antibodies and the JEV genome, specific to E gene, respectively. Out of 513 samples referred/collected, 139 (27.1%) samples were reactive to JE IgM antibody. The remaining 374 samples were screened to select those which had a history of illness with a duration of ≤3 days. Only 147 samples were selected and tested, out of which 36 (24.5%) isolates were achieved and those were RT-PCR positive against the control JEV strain. Detection of IgM antibody to JE and the RT-PCR result confirms the active circulation of JEV in different districts of West Bengal and needs to be monitored carefully.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2001
We report the analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence for the Indian isolate (P20778; Genbank Accession number AF080251) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The phylogenetic tree topology obtained using thirteen complete genome sequences of JEV was reproduced with the envelope, NS1, NS3, and NS5 genes and revealed extensive divergence between the two Indian strains included. A more exhaustive analysis of JEV evolution using 107 envelope sequences available for isolates from different geographic locations worldwide revealed five distinct genotypes of JEV, displaying a minimum nucleotide divergence of 7% with high bootstrap support values. The tree also revealed overall clustering of strains based on geographic location, as well as multiple introductions of JEV into the Indian subcontinent. Nonsynonymous nucleotide divergence rates of the envelope gene estimated that the ancestor common to all JEV genotypes arose within the last three hundred years.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
Background: In the year 2005, an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in the northern states of India. The present study was planned to reconfirm the circulation of JE in the area and to assess the trend of the disease to slow down the burden of JE. Methodology: Surveillance was conducted to identify patients with acute encephalitis. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from suspected cases underwent pathological, serological, and demographic investigations. Viral testing for evidence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection was also performed, either by IgM capture ELISA/RT-PCR or both. To identify circulating JEV strains, RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Based on clinical cases reported between 1992 and 2008, the trend of JE infection in the state was analyzed to examine the dynamics of infection. Results: Our investigations (n = 38) revealed that only 55.3% cases were positive for JE. Pathological examination revealed marked pleocytosis in CSF (90 76.9 cells/mm 3 ), and peripheral leucocytosis (64.7 8.86% neutrophils) with mild anemia. Males were more susceptible than females with a ratio of 1.63:1 and significant gender difference (P 0.05) was observed in patients below six years. In the patient group younger than six years, the rate of infection per million was six-fold higher (P 0.005) in males as compared to females. Our phylogenetic study suggests that the circulating strain during the 2005 JE epidemic was close to GP78, and in the future a larger epidemic may occur. Conclusions: The 2005 JE epidemic was possibly caused by JEV GP78 and it is spreading into newer areas. The trend of JE suggests that the problem in North India is escalating and larger epidemics may occur in the future; therefore, serious steps are necessary to combat JE, including the development of more efficient surveillance methods and differential diagnosis.
Journal of Biosciences, 2000
The nucleotide sequence of the complete genomes of two Indian isolates of Japanese encephalitis virus were compared. One of these isolates, GP78 was obtained from northern India in 1978. The other, the Vellore P20778 isolate, was obtained from southern India in 1958. There was 4⋅40% nucleotide sequence divergence between the two Indian isolates that resulted in a 1⋅86% amino acid sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analyses showed that in evolutionary terms the north Indian GP78 isolate was close to the SA14 isolate from China whereas the south Indian Vellore P20778 isolate was close to the Beijing-1 isolate, also from China. The two Indian isolates, however, appear to have evolved independently.
Journal of General Virology, 2011
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the prototype member of the JEV serocomplex, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, is the most significant arthropod-borne encephalitis worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. At least four genotypes (GI-GIV) of the virus have been identified; however, to date, the genomic nucleotide sequence of only one GII virus has been determined (FU strain, Australia, 1995). This study sequenced three additional GII strains of JEV isolated between 1951 and 1978 in Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively, and compared them with the FU strain, as well as with virus strains representing the other three genotypes. Based on nucleotide and amino acid composition, the genotype II strains were the most similar to GI strains; however, these two genotypes are epidemiologically distinct. Selection analyses revealed that the strains utilized in this study are under predominantly purifying selection, and evidence of positive selection was detected at aa 24 of the NS4B protein, a protein that functions as an alpha/beta interferon signalling inhibitor. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences of the three JEV strains determined in this study are HQ223285-HQ223287.