Evaluation of arsenic and other physico-chemical parameters of surface and ground water of Jamshoro, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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Determination of Arsenic and Health Risk Assessment in the Ground Water of Sindh, Pakistan
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017
As (Arsenic) is one of the lethal element present at the various locations of the world, putting human beings in danger by polluting the water. Arsenic Kit and atomic absorption spectrometer were used to determine As in ground water of Sindh province, Pakistan. Twenty-Four (24) districts both on the left and right bank of RI (River Indus) were analyzed. It was observed from the results that highest As concentration 200 ppb (parts per billion) i.e. above the WHO (World Health Organization) limit (10 ppb) was observed in Sakrand, district Shaheed Benazirabad followed by Hala, Matairi, TMK (Tando Mohammad Khan) and Nasarpur regions. It was further found that ground water of regions on the left bank of RIwas more contaminated than the right bank. Contour map was created using OriginPro and coordinate systems to highlight the elevated arsenic in the studied area. HRA (Health Risk Assessment) of these areas was carried out to calculate EDI (Estimated Daily Intake), TQH (Target Hazard Quotient) and CR (Cancer Risk). 45% of the total ground water samples analyzed were above the permissible limit for As in water and mostly these are located on the left bank of RI. The local wells in Sindh have never been tested for metal concentration former to use. These results provide baselines for researchers, NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) and government to apply arsenic treatment technologies in those areas.
In 49 samples of groundwater, sampled in Muzaffargarh District of south-western Punjab, central Pakistan, concentrations of As exceeded the World Health Organisation provisional guideline value, and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), of 10 lg L À1 in 58% of samples and reached up to 906 lg L À1 . In this semi-arid region canal irrigation has lead to widespread water-logging, and evaporative concentration of salts has the potential to raise As concentrations in shallow groundwater well above 10 lg L À1 . In fact, in rural areas, concentrations stay below 25 lg L À1 because As in the oxic shallow groundwater, and in recharging water, is sorbed to aquifer sediments. In some urban areas, however, shallow groundwater is found to contain elevated levels of As. The spatial distribution of As-rich shallow groundwater indicates either direct contamination with industrial or agricultural chemicals, or some other anthropogenic influence. Geochemical evidence suggests that pollutant organics from unconfined sewage and other sources drives reduction of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) releasing sorbed As to shallow groundwater. The situation is slightly less clear for seven wells sampled which tap deeper groundwater, all of which were found with >50 lg L À1 As. Here As concentrations seem to increase with depth and differing geochemical signatures are seen, suggesting that As concentrations in older groundwater may be governed by different processes. Other data on parameters of potential concern in drinking water are discussed briefly at the end of the paper.
Arsenic and other drinking water quality issues, Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan
Applied Geochemistry, 2005
In 49 samples of groundwater, sampled in Muzaffargarh District of south-western Punjab, central Pakistan, concentrations of As exceeded the World Health Organisation provisional guideline value, and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), of 10 lg L À1 in 58% of samples and reached up to 906 lg L À1 . In this semi-arid region canal irrigation has lead to widespread water-logging, and evaporative concentration of salts has the potential to raise As concentrations in shallow groundwater well above 10 lg L À1 . In fact, in rural areas, concentrations stay below 25 lg L À1 because As in the oxic shallow groundwater, and in recharging water, is sorbed to aquifer sediments. In some urban areas, however, shallow groundwater is found to contain elevated levels of As. The spatial distribution of As-rich shallow groundwater indicates either direct contamination with industrial or agricultural chemicals, or some other anthropogenic influence. Geochemical evidence suggests that pollutant organics from unconfined sewage and other sources drives reduction of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) releasing sorbed As to shallow groundwater. The situation is slightly less clear for seven wells sampled which tap deeper groundwater, all of which were found with >50 lg L À1 As. Here As concentrations seem to increase with depth and differing geochemical signatures are seen, suggesting that As concentrations in older groundwater may be governed by different processes. Other data on parameters of potential concern in drinking water are discussed briefly at the end of the paper.
Chemosphere, 2018
In this study, we tested 123 groundwater wells from five different areas of Punjab, Pakistan for arsenic (As) contamination level and species, as well as delineated hydrogeochemical behaviour of As in aquifers. Results revealed that 75% and 41% of the groundwater wells exceeded the safe As limit of World Health Organisation (WHO, 10 μg L) and Pakistan-EPA (50 μg L), respectively. Arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) spanned 0-80% and 20-100% of total As (1.2-206 μg L), respectively. The mean As content (5.2 μg L) of shallow wells at 9-40 m depth did not exceed the WHO safe limit, representing a safe aquifer zone for pumping of groundwater compared to deeper wells at 41-90 m (51 μg L) and >90 m (23 μg L) depths. Piper-plot elucidated that the aqueous chemistry was dominated with Na-SO, Na-Ca-SO, Na-Mg-SOtype saline water. Principal component analysis grouped As concentration with well depth, pH, salinity, Fe and CO, exhibiting that these hydrogeochemical factors could have pote...
2018
This study is to report the occurrence of arsenic (As) in ground water samples of Taluka Moro, District Naushahro Feroze and to compute the health risk assessment of As. Total 52 groundwater samples collected from 17 union councils (UCs) of taluka Moro. The quality of groundwater assessed by analyzing the concentration of As and other physicochemical parameters. The results revealed that in 27 samples As was not detected, 13 samples contain As level within WHO permissible limit (10 ppb) whereas only 12 samples showed the As content above allowable limits of WHO. The maximum As concentration observed was 90 ppb in samples collected from UC lett and Moro city. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), sulfate, phosphate, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) determined in all samples. pH values in the water samples were found within WHO permissible limit, while TDS and EC result exceeded the WHO limits in eight samples. The reveals of ...
Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg
The level of arsenic (As) contamination at coastal areas of Sindh in Pakistan was elucidated. The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian countries. In present study, we study on the contamination of the As in Sea, Surface and Ground Water in the coastal areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Arsenic contamination in the study area is not uniform in all over the province. Sampling of the study area was carried out in 2011-2012 during the pre-monsoon (February-May), monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-January) periods Arsenic was most commonly analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with hydride generation. Data reveals that industrial activities have a good correlation with the distribution. It is found that As concentration in the present study in most of coastal aquifer samples is crossing the maximum permissible limit for drinking water standards particularly in sea and surface water samples. The spatial and temporal variations of arsenic for the coastal aquifers systems reflect that comparatively high concentration is found during the pre-monsoon season. It is concluded that, the positive association of As with salinity point an anthropogenic input into estuarine and coastal water during the present study.
RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Water Plays a significant role in our life. It serves the purpose of various Human activities such as irrigation, electricity, generation, industrial production etc. Water requirement in Uttar Pradesh is continually on the rise. In India ground water is being used as raw or untreated water for 85% of the public Supply of water varies widely from region to region and country to country. The prime requirement for sustainable development of a region is its water quality especially underground water. To check groundwater and sort out the contaminated region is economically very significant for the development of the area...Currently the potable water woes are global problem. This paper focuses on the ground water contamination of Agra city. It was selected for its importance as a popular tourist destination worldwide. The large number of tourists coming here use its water, therefore it is imperative that its water quality be monitored regularly. The present study is of mid-monsoon seaso...
International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, 2017
The aim of present study is to determine the groundwater arsenic contamination and identification of its possible sources through hydro-geochemistry in Bhulri Shah Karim Taluka which is part of Tando Muhammad Khan district, Sindh. For this purpose, 66 groundwater samples taken from shallow wells (depth < 30 meters) were analyzed to determine physicochemical and microbiological parameters including arsenic. Hydro-geochemical data reveal that groundwater is marginally saline (Mean TDS: 1166 mg/L) and slightly alkaline (Mean pH: 7.25). More than half of the groundwater wells (n = 25) are sewage impacted as indicated by the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. Strong positive correlation of HCO 3 with SO 4 (r = 0.61), Cl-(r = 0.54), F-(r = 0.52) and NO 3 (r = 0.5) was observed which suggest that complex geochemical processes are operating in the study area. Hardness of groundwater showed the strong relationship with NO 3 (r = 0.57) and HCO 3 (r = 0.47) indicating the mineral and fertilizer contribution. On the other hand, weak but positive correlation of Fe with NO 3 (r = 0.22) suggests that denitrification process is active but slow in study area. In about 40% groundwater samples arsenic occurs in alarmingly high concentrations (up to 250µg/L) against WHO permissible limit of 10 µg/L for drinking water. About one third of total sewage impacted wells show arsenic concentrations in the range of 10-200 µg/L suggesting that arsenic release is somehow linked with sanitation. Correlation of As with Fe (r = 0.21) is weak but positive and strong with PO 4 (r = 0.48) which suggest that as released from organic matter is followed by reductive dissolution of FeOOH through bacterial respiration in the groundwater of Bhulri Shah Karim.
International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology, 2019
Alluvial aquifers are the main source of groundwater worldwide. In Hyderabad area of Sindh province, aquifers are naturally polluted by arsenic (As) like other alluvial aquifers of the world. Present study was carried out to decipher the mobilization mechanism of arsenic in Holocene aquifers of Indus river basin, where a large population is at the risk of arsenic ingested diseases. Fifty groundwater samples were collected from Hyderabad and its surrounding areas to examine their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. In 80% of the groundwater samples, TDS is above the WHO limit. Dominant (40%) hydrofacies in groundwater of study area is NaCl, which shows water-rock interaction and cation exchange mechanism. In order to investigate the source of arsenic, eleven near-surface soil samples were also collected and analyzed for elemental and mineral composition using XRD and AES techniques. Correlation Coefficient, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate stati...
Natural Arsenic Pollution and Hydrochemistry of Drinking Water of an Urban Part of Iran
Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering, 2014
Natural contamination of surface and groundwater resources with arsenic is a worldwide problem. The present study aimed to investigate and report on the quality of drinking water resources with special focus on arsenic presence in an urban part of Iran. Arsenic concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). In both surface and groundwater samples, arsenic concentrations ranged from 6-61 µg/L with an average value of 39 ± 20 µg/L. Concentration of arsenic, which was up to six times greater than guideline values (10 µg/L) indicates the presence of arsenic bearing materials in the geological structure of the region. It was found that the quality of treated surface water produced by the water treatment facility was good in respect to arsenic (9 µg/L) and solid content (EC = µs/cm). However, in drinking water samples of wells, total solids (mean EC = 1580 ± 150 µs/cm), total hardness (mean = 479 + 94 mg/L as CaCO3) and arsenic (mean = 42 + 16 µg/L) were significantly higher. Correspondingly, there was a significant correlation between arsenic concentration and EC, Na+, K + and Clvalues. The type of water in most of groundwater samples (70%) was determined as HCO 3-Na +. Considering the population of the city and probable health effects due to exposure to arsenic through drinking water, comprehensive measures as well as application of arsenic removal processes in water treatment facilities and replacement of contaminated wells with safe wells are required.