A Study on Body Weight and Benefit Cost Ratio of Weaned Kids of Sirohi Goat Fed with Different Levels of Concentrates (original) (raw)
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An earlier study on feed resources utilization by agro-pastoralists in the study area revealed unexplored use of crop residues and by-products as feed resources for livestock consumption. Therefore this study was conducted using rural participatory approach in the study area to investigate goat production levels and influence of low cost post-partum supplemental feeding of goat dam on pre-weaning growth and weaning weight of goat kids. An assessment of goat production among agro-pastoralists in the area was conducted, followed by an experimental supplement feeding trial. In the trial, eighteen (18) goat dams and thirty six (36) goat kids were used. The first group (T1) was 6 twin kids from 6 goat dams on extensive grazing without supplemental feeds, the second group (T2) was 6 twin kids from 6 goat dams fed prepared supplement concentrate diets in addition to extensive grazing while the third group (T3) was 6 twin kids from 6 goat dams fed cowpea haulms and millet straw as basal diet and prepared supplement concentrate in addition to extensive grazing. Birth weights for T1, T2 and T3 were 2.05 kg, 1.85 kg and 2.10 kg respectively. Supplemental feeding with crop residue and by-products in the study area significant (P<0.05) for weaning weight and daily weight gain of the goat kids. The weaning weights for T1, T2 and T3 were 5.05 kg, 7.16 kg and 7.38 kg respectively while average daily gain was 25.00 gday-1 , 44.25 gday-1 and 44.00gday-1 for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The study suggested that improved pre-weaning kid performance was achievable using supplement diets produced from locally available crop residue and by-products as diets for goat dam post-partum in the study area. The study also suggested that the use of supplemental diets was capable of producing goats with higher yearling weights and early attainment of reproductive weight hence it recommended full scale evaluation of yearling and reproductive performances of goat kids with superior performance at weaning in response to the supplemental nutrition for their dams.
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
Aim: A study was conducted in order to analyze goat rearing practices prevailing in the Gwalior City of Central India and to identify the constraints in goat farming. Study Design: Data of ninety six indigenous goats of 2 to 5 age group from thirty respondents from the district was collected. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Gwalior City of Central India during July 2023. Methodology: The data pertaining to goat rearing practices being followed and constraints being faced were collected with the help of pre-structured interview schedule after ensuring its reliability and validity. To evaluate the nutritional status of the animals the blood sample of twenty four randomly selected female goats of 2 to 5 years of age was taken from Jugular vein for the normal biochemical profile. Results: It was observed that total protein and serum calcium level was significantly lower than normal value, while. Alkaline phosphates, SGOT and SGPT and blood urea levels are highe...
Supplementation Practices of Goats in the Pothowar Region of Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010
Goats have helped people to survive and thrive for countless generations. Proper feeding and management is of fundamental importance to the success of any goats' enterprise. In Pothowar region of Punjab, household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was collected for the complete calendar year 2008. Data sheets were prepared in Urdu and provided to 100 literate female household members belonging to ten villages of tehsil Talagang of Chakwal district for data collection. According to the findings of the study, average number of goats per household was four; two does and two nonmilking goats. Goats were mainly supplemented with ber (Zizyphus) leaves, wheat and mustard fodders in winter season and ber leaves, sorghum and bajra fodders in summer. Groundnut and wheat straws were main dry fodder. Wheat grains, oil seed cakes, wheat bran (choker), grams and left over dry breads were the concentrates fed to goats. On the whole about 30% metabolizable energy requirements of non-milking goats and 34% of does were fulfilled by supplementation. Goats were supplemented maximum during January-March, June, November and December and grazed for greater periods in summer and autumn than in winter and spring seasons. It can therefore be concluded that in general the months when minimum supplements were given are the better ones in terms of feed availability because majority of feed intake comes from grazing. Moreover, supplementation of goats can be improved by educating local communities about the proper supplementation and by planting palatable shrubs and fodder trees.
Supplementation Practices of Goats in the Pothwar Region of Pakistan
Goats have helped people to survive and thrive for countless gen- erations. Proper feeding and management is of fundamental importance to the success of any goats’ enterprise. In Pothowar region of Punjab, household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementa- tion practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was collected for the complete calendar year 2008. Data sheets were prepared in Urdu and pro- vided to 100 literate female household members belonging to ten villages of tehsil Talagang of Chakwal district for data collection. According to the findings of the study, average number of goats per household was four; two does and two non- milking goats. Goats were mainly supplemented with ber (Zizyphus) leaves, wheat and mustard fodders in winter season and ber leaves, sorghum and bajra fodders in summer. Groundnut and wheat straws were main dry fodder. Wheat grains, oil seed cakes, wheat bran (choker), grams and left over dry breads were the concen- trates fed to goats. On the whole about 30% metabolizable energy requirements of non-milking goats and 34% of does were fulfilled by supplementation. Goats were supplemented maximum during January-March, June, November and December and grazed for greater periods in summer and autumn than in winter and spring seasons. It can therefore be concluded that in general the months when minimum supplements were given are the better ones in terms of feed availability because majority of feed intake comes from grazing. Moreover, supplementation of goats can be improved by educating local communities about the proper supplementation and by planting palatable shrubs and fodder trees.
World Vet. J., 2020
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of body weight, blood biochemical parameters and post parturient behavioral activities of goats and their kids on kids' mortality rate in Baladi and Shami breeds during neonatal period. Twenty-five adults does of each breed (average age: 18 months old) were selected during breeding season. All female goats were estrus synchronized and naturally mated. After parturition, one hundred and one kids (39 Baladi and 62 Shami) were followed for up to 30 days of their age. The overall mean birth weights of female kids of Baladi and Shami goats were 2.47 and 2.81 Kg, respectively. For male kids, birth weights were 2.43 and 2.47 kg, respectively. There was no significant difference in average daily gain (g/day) between Baladi and Shami kids during the first 30 days of age. Male kids recorded higher mortality rate than female kids. The percent of death for male and female kids were 87.50% and 36.84% in Shami while, were 33.33% and 14.28% in Baladi respectively. However, death stopped in Baladi kids after 14 days, but continued in Shami kids to 28 days post-partum. Present data revealed that goat breed and neonatal period showed a significant effect on urea concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and insignificant effect on creatinine concentration, alanine transferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides in Baladi and Shami Kids. While aspartate transferase (AST), were not affected by goat breed and was significantly affected by both age of birth and interactions. Baladi breed showed significantly better maternal activity than Shami does as they spend lesser time to concern their newly born kids. Baladi kids had more strong behavior towards their dams when compared to Shami ones. It was concluded that body weight, blood biochemical parameters and Maternal and kid's behavior had notable effect on kid’s survivability. Our results might declare superiority of Baladi kids than Shami ones which reflected on the significant reduction of mortality rate in Baladi kids as compared to Shami ones.
International Journal of Livestock Production, 2013
This study was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center with the objective to investigate the effect of diets on growth and carcass characteristics and to identify the economic ration and duration required to meet the market body weight (25 to 30 kg) of Afar goats under semi-intensive feeding management. Grazing goat kids were supplemented with a concentrate mix composed of 75% Leucaena leaf (LL) hay (300 g/day per head): 25% wheat bran (WB) (100 g/day per head) for T1, 50% LL hay (200 g/day per head): 50% WB (200 g/day per head) for T2 and 25% LL hay (100 g/day per head): 75% WB (300 g/day per head) for T3. No supplementation provided for goats in the control group (T4). Accordingly, goats that received T2 had significantly higher (P<0.05) total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) intake than supplemented goats in the remaining dietary treatments. As a result, the average daily weight gain of goats maintained under T2 found significantly higher (P<0.001) than those of treatments and control groups. Moreover, supplementation after grazing with WB and LL hay mixture tend to have increased live weight (P<0.001), carcass yield (P<0.01) and carcass characteristics (P<0.01) of experimental goat kids. Supplemented yearling goats attained slaughter weight in a range of 28 to 30 kg within about 168 days from the start of the experiment period as compared to the 24 kg weight recorded for goat kids managed as control group. Besides, 25 and 50% WB concentrate supplementation after grazing provides more profit than 75% WB and grazing without supplementation of yearling Afar goat.
Forty-five wether goat kids (BW of 21.76 + 0.76) were randomly assigned to one of three production systems for 14 weeks to evaluate intake, digestibility and goat performance. Production systems were: 1) feedlot (FL), housed in individual pens and fed 40% protein pellets, 40% soybean hulls and 20% bermuda grass hay; 2) grazing continuously on 1 hectare bahia grass pasture (BP) supplemented daily with 150 g of protein pellets/h/day; and 3) browsing rotationally on 4, 0.5 hectare mimosa (MB) supplemented daily with 100 g cracked corn/h/day. Body weights were recorded every two weeks. Feed intake and digestibility were measured on eight goats from each treatment groups. Goats were fitted with canvas fecal collection bags, allowed for 3 days of adjustments followed by 5 days of fecal collection. Feces, feed offered, pasture and browse samples were analyzed for acid insoluble ash to determine digestibility and predict intake. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected to measure volatile fatty acids and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Total feed and medication costs also were recorded. Goats on FL system gained faster (P<0.05) and reached highest (P<0.05) final BW in less days as compared with MB and BP, with BP goats having the lowest (P<0.05) growth performance. Estimated DMI and digestibility for goats on FL system was highest (P<0.05) when compared to other systems, with goats on MB having the least (P<0.05) intake and digestibility. However, gain efficiency was highest (P<0.05) for goats on MB when compared to others, with goats on BP having the least (P<0.05) gain efficiency. Rumen pH was lowest (P<0.05) for FL goats and highest (P<0.05) for MB goats. Molar proportion of acetate was lowest (P<0.05), and isobutyrate and isovalerate were highest (P<0.05) for MB goats with no change (P>0.10) in butyrate and valerate. However, acetate: propionate was lower (P<0.05) for FL goats. Blood urea nitrogen was higher (P<0.05) for MB goats before feeding, one, or two hours after feeding. Goats on FL and BP system had similar (P>0.10) BUN. Numerically, browse system was most cost effective and bahai grass pasture was most expensive in terms of animal production.
Pre-weaning growth performance of Black Bengal goat kids in an organized farm in Tripura
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2022
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura centre is maintaining a Black Bengal goat farm to cater the need of farmers and institute research. The data collected for 5 years regarding pre-weaning growth performance of kids and analysed. The birth rate of Black Bengal kids were recorded in institute goat farm, averaging 1.61 kids per doe and the prolificacy rate was 146.54%. The percentage of single birth was recorded as 27.87%, multiple births as 72.13.7% out of which 57.54% was twin, 13.43% was triplet and 1.16% was quadruplet. The overall birth and weaning weights of Black Bengal kids were 1.11 ± 0.06 kg and 4.82 ± 0.20 kg, respectively and pre-weaning average daily gain was 41.22 ± 3.15 gm. In the study it was found that the birth weight of male and female kids was 1.12±0.07 kg and 1.07±0.04kg, respectively. Even though male kids recorded 4.46% higher body weight than female kids but, no significant difference was observed. Birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning daily gain of single, twin, triplet and quadruplets born kids were 1.
In India, where more than 50% of farmers are small, marginal or landless, Goat rearing plays a very important role in their lives for generating source of income and employment. The Black Bengal Goats were treated by 3 different treatments with different concentration of feeding components. The treatment 3 was composed of green leaves of trees, common grasses, bushes and legume (berseem) as roughages along with maize (40%), wheat bran (45%), groundnut (12.5%), salt (1.5%) and mineral mixture (1.5%) as concentrate. By this treatment, the overall growth and reproductive performance of the Black Bengal Goats were found to be higher as compared to the feeding plans in which only roughages or only concentrates were fed as in case of treatment 1 and treatment 2. Based on growth and reproductive performance, production per unit was determined for each of the treatment 1, 2 and 3 i.e. 1.429, 1.714 and 2.429 respectively. It was confirmed that the net profit in terms of rupees was higher in treatment 3 i.e. Rs. 886.59 as compared to the treatment 2 and treatment 1, whose net profits were Rs. 625.61 and Rs. 521.59 respectively. Based on these findings the cost benefit ratio (BC Ratio) was 2.24. INTRODUCTION Goats are among the first animals domesticated for meat and have been raised by human for food and livelihood for a time being. Small, marginal and landless farmers contribute 75.8% and medium and large farmers contribute 24.2% of Goat farming in the rural areas [8]. So, Goat plays a dominant role in small ruminant production systems and as a means of livelihood in the rural landless farmers. Goats are also considered to be "The Poor Man's Cow" as it is being small in size; they do not require any large management skills and can easily be handled and managed by women and children [1]. They are traditionally raised by " poverty-stricken " village people in a secondary system of grazing on harvested fallow land, along the road and canal sides without any supplementation [3]. But with the tremendous increase with the human population along with the demand for red pretentious meat, farmers are now trying to adapt and rear Goat under intensive management system. It was also reported that farmers were bound to depend on the community based buck breeding system with unknown pedigree. As a result, unplanned and haphazard breeding has been performed in our country [2]. In some cases, it is a matter of great concern that crossbreeding is being performed which not only decreases the purity but also increases the heterozygosity of this breed day by day. On the other hand, due to unavailability of Black Bengal breeding bucks, the same buck has been used generation after generation. As a consequence, inbreeding depression may be increased which is ultimately responsible for the gradual decline of overall productivity of Goat [12]. The successful Goat husbandry largely depends on the environment where the Goats are reared with their management system. Adult body weight is an important and economic factor which influences on the growth and production pattern of Goat enterprise and has more influence mainly