Method for Inventorying Co Emissions from Road Traffic in Urban Areas Through Transport Modeling (original) (raw)
Related papers
A Methodology for Modelling Traffic Related Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Suburban Areas
Transport, 2013
A methodology that integrates a computer program COPERT III for calculation of traffic emissions estimates, and a transportation modelling software CUBE VOYAGER was used to assess pollutant emissions for a suburban area, as a support for future transport planning strategies to be applied for any developing road network. COPERT III is used to obtain the carbon monoxide emission factors by accounting for the car fleet composition, characteristics and average speed. An aggregated emission parametric equation was determined and used further on for estimating network carbon monoxide emissions based upon the output of macroscopic traffic characteristics enabled by traffic simulation software, CUBE VOYAGER. The methodology and modelling results are applied here for Floreşti, a satellite town of Cluj
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2019
In the past years, there has been great interest in developing tools for an effective management including the evaluation of the impact of different policies on decreasing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) and other transport pollutant-related emissions, especially in the urban areas. This paper represents a first attempt to study a new approach to identify criticalities of pollutant emissions associated with road traffic in urban areas. The tool we propose concerns the development of an emission indicator, a proxy measure, which is useful for the assessment of emission problems, based on the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) instantaneous vehicle speed data. It can be considered an innovative and adequate solution in many cases in which the development of a valid and robust traffic simulation model, especially DTA (dynamic traffic assignment), is not available in the medium-and short-term horizon. The methodological process concerns the monitoring of road traffic conditions using GPS data from probe vehicles in combination with the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) for the estimation of an emission indicator. The tool was tested in a real case study in Romania for CO2 emissions. The results show the utility of the tool in policy and decision making, due to its ease of application and consistency, especially in defining critical areas and that it can be used in any other urban contexts with GPS data availability. Further developments will deal with the computation of the emission indicator for other pollutants and validation of the approach by applying other methods and comparing the results. The analysis of the results could be focused not on the capacity to evaluate emissions but on the development of a proxy measure useful in the planning process.
Emissions Modeling for Road Transportation in Urban Areas: State-of-Art Review
Estimating and measuring emissions by road traffic is a key-issue for air pollution management in transportation sector. It introduces a good method for the environmental evaluation of the transportation system scenarios. Emission models are important issue in this respect. There are several emission models available worldwide. These models distinguish between static and dynamic models. It depends on the amount of data available for the transport fleet and its specifications. Monitoring emissions in a study area can, also, be a good method for calibration of such emission models. This paper presents an analysis of models used in estimating emissions from road transportation systems in urban areas. It compares between different emissions models that used in air pollution management of transportation scenarios. The study discusses, also the potential and limitation of each type. The difficulties of applying these models in developing countries are also discussed. Then, the study determines the required steps towards realistic transportation emission modeling in developing countries.
A methodology for modelling traffic related emissions in suburban areas
Transport, 2013
A methodology that integrates a computer program COPERT III for calculation of traffic emissions estimates, and a transportation modelling software CUBE VOYAGER was used to assess pollutant emissions for a suburban area, as a support for future transport planning strategies to be applied for any developing road network. COPERT III is used to obtain the carbon monoxide emission factors by accounting for the car fleet composition, characteristics and average speed. An aggregated emission parametric equation was determined and used further on for estimating network carbon monoxide emissions based upon the output of macroscopic traffic characteristics enabled by traffic simulation software, CUBE VOYAGER. The methodology and modelling results are applied here for Floreşti, a satellite town of Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Controlling traffic characteristics is essential for environmentally oriented traffic management. Among these characteristics, time headway of vehicles is in focus. This paper reveals the relationship between time headway and vehicle Carbon monoxide emission. In this work, field measurement of traffic characteristics have been conducted on two lanes per direction road network link at the entrance of New Borg El-Arab City-Egypt. The distribution of time headways for vehicles has been investigated showing that about 80% and 78% of heavy vehicles and passenger cars respectively flow with time headway less than 5 (sec/veh). The instantaneous vehicular emission model VT-Micro is utilized to calculate CO emission factors of individual vehicles. For environmental management of traffic and controlling vehicular emissions through ITS applications, regression models of relationship between vehicles CO emissions and corresponding time headway is introduced. Performance of models has been statistically assessed. Models showed acceptable goodness of fit with average R 2 of 0.96.
Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Passenger Vehicles
2005
Integrated urban models are designed to capture and simulate land-use and transportation interactions and to predict traffic volume and vehicle emissions at the link level of the urban transport network. As such, these models can address the weakness of existing systems. The Integrated Model of Urban LAnd-use and Transportation for Environmental analysis (IMULATE) is one of the operational urban models calibrated for the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). This paper extends IMULATE to include air pollution estimation and mapping of vehicle air pollutants, employing a dispersion model and spatial data analysis. The proposed approach provides an integrated framework for impact assessment of land-use and transport policies on traffic flows, emissions, and pollutant concentration, enabling the evaluation of population exposure to traffic related pollution. The study illustrates how vehicle-generated carbon monoxide (CO) concentration can be estimated and mapped using the proposed approach under a base-case scenario for the year 2006. Several development and transportation scenaria can be developed and "hot-spots" of traffic-originated air pollution can be identified and visualized within a GIS framework. Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Passenger Vehicles: Predictive Mapping with an application to Hamilton, Canada. D. Potoglou and P.S. Kanaroglou Centre for Spatial Analysis -Working Paper Series -2-pollution (Badoe and Miller , 2000). Hence, it is necessary to incorporate land-use and transportation interactions as an integral part of the traffic air quality assessment procedure. Also, for air pollution estimation and mapping, most software packages apply the Gaussian dispersion equation to the whole area of study. This results to low spatial resolution of air pollution estimates and high demand for computational power (European Commission, 1998). This paper demonstrates that the application of the Gaussian dispersion equation in conjunction with spatial data analysis provides plausible results, shortens computational time and potentially eliminates the need for programming.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Transport activities are among the greatest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and despite other economic sectors the trend is still positive. Using the latest European Environment Agency guidelines in estimating vehicles emissions, the paper presents a methodology for assessing GHG emissions integrating exhaust emission factors, geographic information system (GIS) data, traffic composition surveys, and road traffic simulation. According to EU recommendation for reporting national gas inventories, the estimation of GHG emission factors based on the average speed is adopted. The computer simulation of road traffic allows tracing individual car driving cycles and computing emissions based on average speed, mileage, fuel, and engine emission standards. The main advantage when using the computer traffic simulation is to reduce the amount of measurements which have to be performed in the field. Also the computer models have the ability to evaluate the effects of different traffic patterns (free flow, car following flow and traffic jam) and the future traffic scenarios. The carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions are equated by their global warming potential. The case-study done in Carpathians outlines the way the superposition of the specific land use policy, transport network characteristics and road traffic patterns generated by the variability of human activities (the leisure-time and business tourism) can cause road congestion that increases vehicles emissions. The study presents aggregated emissions evolution by time periods and comparative values to European average levels and targets.
Effect of Vehicular Traffic Volume and Composition on Carbon Emission
Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
Road intersection is one of the causes of air pollution or toxic gases emission because at such location vehicular traffic are either required to slow down or completely stop for them to secure a safe and acceptable gap to perform a particular type of manoeuvre. The level of gaseous emissions usually increases with corresponding increase in traffic. The level of the environmental pollution depends on the type of intersection. This study evaluated the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from vehicular traffic for both morning and afternoon peak periods at roundabout and priority intersections. Carbon monoxide emissions at the intersections were first measured using GrayWolf Sensing Solution (GWSS) upon which the results obtained were used in calibrating SIDRA software for estimation of CO emission. SIDRA emission estimates were derived from traffic flow parameters; traffic volume, compositions, speeds and turning movements, as well as road geometry. Calibration factors were then...
Comparison of road traffic emission models in Madrid (Spain)
2012
h i g h l i g h t s < COPERT4 v.8.1 and HBEFA v.3.1 emissions models have been applied to the Madrid city. < Total annual NO X emissions predicted by HBEFA were 21% higher than those of COPERT. < Better results in urban-scale, high-resolution NO 2 simulations with COPERT outputs. < Large discrepancies for congestion situations (stop & go) and heavy vehicles. < Strong influence of methodological issues (e.g. determination of service level).