Factors affecting mortality in burns: a single center study (original) (raw)
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IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
ntroduction: In India 7 million people suffer from burn injury, out of which, 7 lakh need hospital admission and 2.4 lakh become disabled. Burn injuries have varied aetiological factors with varied demographic profile. The cause of death is in direct link to percentage and depth of burn injuries. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the profile of burn patients and come to conclusion of the aetiological factors leading to mortality in burn cases. Aims & Objectives: To describe the profile of burn injuries related death based on retrospective study of eight years in a tertiary care centre in Western Maharashtra, and to study the burn injuries fatalities based on age, sex, place of residence, cause of injuries body surface area affected and cause of death. Materials & Methods: A 8 year retrospective data of all the autopsies conducted where the cause of death was due to burns were studied as per aim and objective of study. The data from 2011 to 2018 were studied. Results: A total of 87 cases died due to burn injuries in the period from 2011 to 2018. Total autopsies conducted for all cases at the centre were 1976. Maximum cases were seen (42.72%) in 16-30 years age group. 75.86 % were female victims. The urban setting was involved in 37.93 % and rural setting was in 66.87%. The cause of death was septicemia in 68 cases, shock in 12 cases, asphyxia in 5 cases and renal failure in 2 cases. The most common percentage of burns leading to fatalities was above 60 % burns. As per the cause, 75.86% cases were due to flame burns. Conclusion: The epidemiological factors of the burn injuries are varied in different regions of world. For effective planning and preventing burn injuries, the approach has to be multi pronged like awareness, education and early treatment. Keywords: Profile, Burns, Septicaemia.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
BACKGROUND Burn injuries are one of the most devastating injuries resulting into higher morbidity and mortality rates. Its higher incide nce in developing countries like India creating a formidable health problem. OBJECTIVE To study the pattern of distribution of burn injuries in relation to various epidemiological, demographic and socio-cultural aspect and their impact assessment on mortality and morbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS It was a prospective 1-year study conducted in all patients (n=499) admitted in Burn Unit of Dept. of Surgery, SGMH, Rewa (M.P.), during the period August 2014-July 2015. The data regarding sex, age predisposition, geographical origin, mode and nature of injury were obtained by questionnaire-interview with the patient themselves. Clinical assessment was done in the form of depth and extent of injury. The information obtained was tabulated and analysed, mean, Standard Deviation (SD) were calculated where applicable. Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. RESULTS Incidence of burn injury was 6.02% out of total surgical ward admission. Females were 59.31%, while males were 40.68%. Majority 45.9% of patients were from 15-29 years' age group; 83.5% victims belonged to rural areas and 88.37% patients were below poverty line. Housewives 39.67% followed by students 23.24%; 87.7% was accidental followed by suicidal 9%, homicidal 3.2%. Flame burn 71.74% was commonest and chimney 28.1% was most common source of heat. 54.7% of cases were hospitalized within 5-12 hours of injury. Mean TBSA was 45.3%, it was higher in intentional burns and females. Kitchen 67.53% was the commonest place. 67.13% of burns were superficial to deep. Mean hospital stay was 11.63 days. Overall mortality was 39.47%, septicemia 56.85% was the most common cause of death. CONCLUSION Female sex, accidental, extensive burn, young age, low socioeconomic status, rural area were the factors associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Preventive measures should be multidisciplinary and coordinated.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2021
BACKGROUND The skin is the largest organ of our body with a complex function. Burn injuries result in damage to the skin by electrical, chemical, thermal or radiation energies or a combination of them, by far the most common being the thermal injuries. However, most burn injuries are preventable and hence need preventive strategies. Outcome is dependent on various factors. The focus of this study is to provide an overview of various factors and clinical presentation of burn injury and their correlation of these various factors with outcome of burn injury. METHODS A retrospective facility-based document review analytical study was conducted on 215 patients admitted in the emergency (burn ward) department of Government Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir from September 2019 to September 2020. RESULTS In our study, out of total 215 hospitalized burn patients, 101 (47 %) were female and 114 (53 %) were males. In 103 (47.9 %) patients, burn injury was caused by scald burn, ka...
Indian Journal of Surgery, 2020
Burn injuries are not uncommon, and a decade ago, more than one subject with major burn injury arrived in our emergency department each day. We here report of some basic epidemiological data of burn injury for a period of 11 years and propose an approach for prevention and care of burn. Authors obtained the records of the 5500 patients admitted in tertiary care unit of central India from March 2005 to March 2016. The preclinical, clinical, and stage of resolution variables are included in the customized proforma. Few additional data was available in the case sheets of year 2016 and analyzed separately. Data are analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The mean age was 28.6 years with standard deviation of 13.26. Male to female ratio was 1:1.36. Frequency from neighboring district (51.81%), Hindus (86.83%), accidental intent of burn (85.2%), flame type of injuries (76.45%), kerosene as agent of burn (69.4%), home as place of burn (90.92%) are other recognizable variables. Clinical and outcome variables are total body surface area (> 50%) in 57%, hospital stay (> 3 days) in 61.5%, mortality rate (46%), left against medical advice (LAMA) in 36.4%, and survival rate (15.4%). In a select group of 500 patients, some other useful variables like careless attitude in handling kerosene (84%), illiteracy (74.2%), low socioeconomic status (83.4%), married status (75.8%), and family size (> 3) in 74.8% were recorded. In India, burns are preventable by elimination of kerosene/distribution in closed containers. Community-based prevention program is a must. Author's "SIREN" reaction plan is for first responders. Authors prepared a burn management guideline for primary healthcare level with an acronym "ALERT-DAY" protocol to decrease morbidity of burn. Upgradation of existing burn center is essential to curb the mortality and LAMA rates and improve the survival.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2014
Background: Globally, burn injuries are one of the major health hazards, caused by a variety of agents such as heat, electricity, radiation, and corrosive substances. In a developing country like India, burn injuries continue to be a challenging problem due to poor medical facilities, lack of safety measures, absence of public awareness, dowry, poverty and illiteracy. The present study was conducted to study epidemiology, clinical presentation of burn victims. Methods: A descriptive, epidemiological study was done with a pre designed proforma for eight months among 58 cases with thermal injuries. The proforma was translated in local language and informed verbal consent was obtained from the respondent in favorable situation. The accompanying person’s consent was taken in other situation.All the information on various aspects of burn related epidemiology was gathered either from the patient or from the accompanying person depending on the severity of case. Results: Among 58 cases, 46 were females and 12 were males. Illiteracy was present in more than one third subjects. There was significant difference in the incidence for occurrence of burn among different gender,place of residence, education level, occupation, marital status, social class(P<.001). Accidental outnumbered suicidal etiology. No case of homicide was found. Marital disharmony was the reason in 6 cases. The average TBSA affected was 41.3%. As outcome concerned, 24 died and 8 referred to higher centre having specialized burn unit for better management. Conclusion: Individual, mass and parenteral, community based preventive health education is the urgent need to combat the situation.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2016
Introduction: Since From centuries, burn injuries are the major cause for human suffering and deaths. They are one of the oldest types of injuries that man knows, causing mortality and morbidity in humans time to time. Methodology:This observational cross sectional study was conducted for period of one year started from July 2012 to June 2013 in burn ward of Govt. Medical College, Latur. Out of 302 patients admitted, 137 (45.36%) were died because of various degree burn injuries. Results: 73.72% females were died because of the burn whereas males were only 26.28%. The male to female ratio was 1:2.81. 63.50% of burn deaths were from rural area. 80.29% burn victims were married. 96.35% of burns were caused because of flames. ≥80% TBSA burn was found in 53.47% female patients as compared to 38.89% male patients. Conclusion: Burn injuries are preventable through awareness in people specially in reproductive age group women’s in which most of the cases were because of accidental burn while working in kitchen.Therefore proper educational and aggressive prevention program is needed to reduce the burden.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FATAL BURN CASES IN G.K. GENERAL HOSPITAL, BHUJ
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2012
Background: Burn injury cases are one of the common emergencies admitted to any hospital in India. There are several factors, which play a great role in the treatment, management, autopsy and investigations of burns death cases. Objective: The study was aimed to find the epidemiology, pattern of burns deaths and various reasons or factors associated with it. Methodology: The present cross-sectional study of 1504 cases was carried out in Forensic Medicine Department at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj from January 2008 to December 2011. Results: The most common cause of death in the majority of the deaths was burns (31.12%) followed by head injury (21.61%), poisoning (11.44%), regional injury (9.37%), drowning (5.12%) and hanging (5.05%). Maximum incidence (82.26%) seen in females. Most of the victims (42.09%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most burns were domestic, in low socio-economic class and in house-wives. 74.57% of cases were accidental in nature as per reports. Conclusion: Most of the causes are preventable. The result of this study indicates that, by not only a strong legal support network but also safety precautions, opportunities for essential education and awareness, alternative accommodation and a change in attitude and mind set of society, judiciary, legislature, executive, men and the most importantly women herself can lower or prevent such deaths.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.3\_March2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.02.html, 2017
Introduction: Burn injuries are a major global public health problem. An epidemiological study being the first step in planning preventive and management strategies, the study was planned to throw light on exact nature of burn injuries. Objectives: To study the epidemiological factors in relation to burn cases at a tertiary care level teaching hospital Methods: A cross-sectional study of all burn injury cases admitted at tertiary care level teaching hospital, over a period of one year from January 2014 to December 2014. Universal sampling method was employed. All burn patients who were admitted in burns unit, or legally accepted guardians, in case of serious patients who consented were included; those who did not give informed written consent were excluded. Total number of participants in the study period was 74. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for obtaining socio-demographic details and details about burns injury. Data was entered into Microsoft excel worksheet and analysed using EpiInfo software version3.5.4. Institutional Ethics committee approval was obtained. Result: Flame burn was the most common cause of burns accounting for 45.95% of the total burns. Scald burn was seen in 36.49% subjects and electric burn in only 10(13.51%) subjects. Overall mortality was found to be 10.81%. Conclusion: Total body surface area burnt was found to be associated with mode of burns, arrangement of cooking stove/chullah on floor in case of kitchen burns; while mortality among burn victims was found to be highly significantly associated with the total body surface area.
Pattern of burn injury among patients admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Jharkhand
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2018
Background: Burn despite being easily preventable is a critical health problem worldwide. With effective managements there is decline in burn cases in developed countries but trend is still rising in developing countries like India. This study was conducted to know the socio-demographic profile and pattern of burn injury in patients admitted in burn unit of tertiary care hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted for a period of six months using semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. The patient or accompanying person was interviewed after taking consent. Clinical assessment was done to find% of total body surface area (TBSA) involved and most severely affected body part.Results: A total of 123 patients were admitted in burn unit. Female (72.3%) predominance was found with most common age group being 21-40 years. Majority was Hindus (72.4%), residing in rural area (79.7%) and married (60.2%). Accidental burn was in 92.7%, mostly occurring at h...
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2016
Background: Although burns are a major problem in health care, a lot of the variation in risk factors exists from region to region which if uncovered correctly could help take effective prevention measures. Aims and Objectives: To assess the 3-year (January 2012 to January 2015) epidemiology of burn injuries admitted to our hospital (primary objective) and to find areas of improvement in burn care (secondary objective). Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethical approval data were obtained from the medical record section regarding age, sex, residence, occupation, marital status, socioeconomic status, dates of admission and discharge, circumstances regarding the place, intent, cause, and source of heat. Clinical assessment was done using Wallace's "Rule of Nine" in adult and "Lund and Browder" chart in the pediatric age groups. The interrelationships between clinical and epidemiological variables with burn injury were studied. Results: An increasing trend in the admission rates of burn victims noted in last 3 years males (55.47%) outnumbered females (44.52%). The most common age group affected is older children, adolescents, and young adults (between 11 and 30 years). Flame (38.3%) and scald (25.3%) burns contributed to most of the injuries. Females (52.30%) are the major victim of flame burns. Electrical and chemical burns affected only the males suggesting work-related injuries. Trunk (30.8%) is the most severely affected site in all cases. Depression (6.8%) and power line workers (4.7%) seem to be important risk factors in our study. Inability to complete treatment (26.7%) was a major concern in our study. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for proper burn care that could be provided at the primary health-care level. The majority of burns were accidental in nature in school going children, young adults, and females. Flame and scald burns were the most common cause. Preventive measures directed toward burn safety and first aid measures may improve the outcome in burn injuries.