Pelage mutant allele frequencies in domestic cat populations of Poland (original) (raw)
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Localizing the X-linked orange colour phenotype using feline resource families
Animal Genetics, 2005
Many genes influencing mammalian coat colours are well conserved. While genes responsible for pelage phenotypes in one species provide strong evidence for a candidate gene in a different species, the X-linked orange phenotype of the domestic cat is unique within mammals. The orange locus (O) undergoes X-inactivation, producing females that express both wildtype black (wt) and orange (variant) phenotypes when heterozygous (tortoiseshell). The orange locus has not yet been localized on the X chromosome. Tortoiseshell male cats have been identified but have been shown to be sex chromosome trisomies (XXY). To localize the cat orange locus, 10 feline-derived X-linked microsatellites were analysed in two extended cat pedigrees consisting of 79 and 55 individuals, respectively, segregating for the orange phenotype. Linkage analyses excluded close association of orange in the vicinity of the nine informative X-linked microsatellites. One marker was not polymorphic within either family. Several markers suggested exclusion (Z < )2.0) at distances of 7.5-33 cM. Exclusion analyses suggested a possible location for orange a 14 cM region near Xcen. Recombination distances of markers in the segregating feline pedigrees were reduced as compared with the feline interspecies backcross family. Thus, the presented pedigrees may be useful as reference families for the domestic cat because more accurate recombination rates for domestic cats can be determined.
Acta Theriologica, 1999
To determine allele frequencies, surveys of coat phenotypes of domestic cats were conducted in Madeira Island (Madeira archipelago) and Flores Island (Azores archi pelago). The samples fitted a 1:1 sex ratio and panmitic populations were assumed based on the analysis of the O locus. The genetic profiles were compared to those from other Atlantic littoral populations and a marked deviation was detected at Flores Island referring to very high values of d, W and I alleles. The differences were interpreted as indicating that cats from Flores may reflect the condition of continental cats in former times. The Madeira population is more similar to Western Europe probably due to more close and continual contact in recent years.
Genetics, 2009
A comprehensive genetic linkage map of the domestic cat X chromosome was generated with the goal of localizing the genomic position of the classic X-linked orange (O) locus. Microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 3 Mb were selected from sequence traces of the cat 1.93 whole genome sequence (WGS), including the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1). Extreme variation in recombination rates (centimorgans per megabase) was observed along the X chromosome, ranging from a virtual absence of recombination events in a region estimated to be .30 Mb to recombination frequencies of 15.7 cM/Mb in a segment estimated to be ,0.3 Mb. This detailed linkage map was applied to position the X-linked orange gene, placing this locus on the q arm of the X chromosome, as opposed to a previously reported location on the p arm. Fine mapping placed the locus between markers at positions 106 and 116.8 Mb in the current 1.93-coverage sequence assembly of the cat genome. Haplotype analysis revealed potential recombination events that could reduce the size of the candidate region to 3.5 Mb and suggested multiple origins for the orange phenotype in the domestic cat. Furthermore, epistasis of orange over nonagouti was demonstrated at the genetic level.
Preliminary genetic characterization of Felis Catus: European shorthair cat from Bosnia
Bioengineering Studies, 2020
Felis Catus is a small carnivorous mammal and it is considered to be the only domesticated species among Felidae family. The purpose of this work is to genetically characterize cat breeds from Bosnia and Herzegovina and to compare them to one unknown completely different cat. To achieve this, samples of 20 cats that belong to the European Shorthair Cat (ESH) breed have been collected, plus the target subject. Further, for the genetic microsatellite characterization, the DNA material was isolated from each cat, in order to compare them to the sample taken from an unknown cat breed that will be referred to as the subject of this research. Genetic diversities within and between populations were be analyzed using 5 microsatellite markers. The obtained results showed that the subject cat genetically differs from other ESH breed cats, where the observed heterozygosity patterns within the cat breeds showed minimum but expected genetic variety among the analyzed cat species.
This work has started as a project for the summer school in molecular and theoretical biology. Efficient teaching and learning modern methods of molecular biology and population genetics in a two-week study course for high school students needs an attractive subject. We chose phylogeography of the domestic cat as the subject of our project because 1) everybody likes cats; 2) cats are polymorphic for several coat color mutations, which can be easily detected by street survey or in the photographs; 3) samples for DNA extraction are easy to collect without posing ethical and biosafety problems; 4) rich background information of geographical distribution of coat color alleles and variation in mtDNA is available; 5) phylogeography of cat population in Russia is poorly studied and therefore new data collected in this large territory may shed a light on the global cat distribution and on the origin of the fancy breeds. During the project students studied coat color and mitotype distributio...
Animal Genetics, 2021
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is a valued companion animal throughout the world. Over 60 different cat breeds are accepted for competition by the cat fancy registries in different countries. Genetic markers, including short tandem repeats and SNPs, are available to evaluate and manage levels of inbreeding and genetic diversity, population and breed structure relationships, and individual identification for forensic and registration purposes. The International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) hosts the Applied Genetics in Companion Animals Workshop, which supports the standardization of genetic marker panels and genotyping for the identification of cats via comparison testing. SNP panels have been in development for many species, including the domestic cat. An ISAG approved core panel of SNPs for use in cat identification and parentage analyses is presented. SNPs (n = 121) were evaluated by different university-based and commercial laboratories using 20 DNA samples as part of the ISAG comparison testing procedures. Different SNP genotyping technologies were examined, including DNA arrays, genotyping-by-sequencing and mass spectroscopy, to select a robust and efficient panel of 101 SNPs as the ISAG core panel for cats. The SNPs are distributed across all chromosomes including two on the X chromosome and an XY pseudo-autosomal sexing marker (zinc-finger XY; ZFXY). A population study demonstrated that the markers have an average polymorphic information content of 0.354 and a power of exclusion greater than 0.9999. The SNP panel should keep testing affordable while also allowing for the development of additional panels to monitor health, phenotypic traits, hybrid cats and highly inbred cats.
Patterns of molecular genetic variation among cat breeds
Genomics, 2008
Genetic variation in cat breeds was assessed utilizing a panel of short tandem repeat (STR) loci genotyped in 38 cat breeds and 284 singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 24 breeds. Population structure in cat breeds generally reflects their recent ancestry and absence of strong breed barriers between some breeds. There is a wide range in the robustness of population definition, from breeds demonstrating high definition to breeds with as little as a third of their genetic variation partitioning into a single population. Utilizing the STRUCTURE algorithm, there was no clear demarcation of the number of population subdivisions; 16 breeds could not be resolved into independent populations, the consequence of outcrossing in established breeds to recently developed breeds with common ancestry. These 16 breeds were divided into 6 populations. Ninety-six percent of cats in a sample set of 1040 were correctly assigned to their classified breed or breed group/population. Average breed STR heterozygosities ranged from moderate (0.53; Havana, Korat) to high (0.85; Norwegian Forest Cat, Manx). Most of the variation in cat breeds was observed within a breed population (83.7%), versus 16.3% of the variation observed between populations. The hierarchical relationships of cat breeds is poorly defined as demonstrated by phylogenetic trees generated from both STR and SNP data, though phylogeographic grouping of breeds derived completely or in part from Southeast Asian ancestors was apparent.
Genetics Selection Evolution, 1994
A detailed study of 7 cat populations (Felis silvestris catus) in the 3 principal Balearic islands has been carried out. These populations are Mahon (474 cats), Villacarlos (226 cats), Mercadal and Alayor (104 cats) and Ciudadela (510 cats) in Minorca, Palma Majorca (475 cats) in Majorca and Ibiza city (210 cats) and San Antonio (63 cats) in Ibiza. The gene frequencies derived from the phenotypic frequencies of a number of loci coding for coat colour and pattern, hair length and one skeleton anomaly were studied with the following implied mutant allele: 0 (Orange; sex-linked allele); a (Non-agouti); t b (Blotched tabby); d (Dilution); l (Long hair); S (White spotting); W (Dominant white); c' (Siamese); and M (Manx). The range of frequency values for each of the loci studied is the following
The genetic structure of Felis catus domestic cat populations was analyzed for the European continent, United States, and Canada, and it was established that the analyzed populations are divided into two clusters (groups), i.e., Western European–Northern Amercan and Eastern European. The gene pools of cats from Byelorussian and Russian cities are closely related, being of the same origin. The founder effect was revealed to influence the formation of the postwar St. Petersburg cat population.