Novel Exocrine Secretions from Two Species of Scentless Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) (original) (raw)
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O conteúdo das glândulas abdominais dorsais em ninfas e das glândulas metatorácicas em machos e fêmeas (10, 20 e 30 dias de idade adulta) foi caracterizado e quantificado para o percevejo Pallantia macunaima. O principal componente encontrado nas ninfas e adultos foi o tridecano, com menores quantidades de outros hidrocarbonetos alifáticos, aldeídos, oxo-alcenais e ésteres. Os cinco ínstares apresentaram diferenças significativas nas proporções dos compostos encontrados, principalmente entre aqueles do primeiro ínstar em relação aos demais ínstares. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada na proporção dos compostos das glândulas metatorácicas entre os machos e fêmeas, porém, entre indivíduos de diferentes idades, (E)-2-hexenal e acetato de (E)-2-decenila diminuiram significativamente de 10 para 20 dias de idade. The contents of the dorsal abdominal glands in nymphs and the metathoracic glands in adult males and females (10, 20 and 30 days old) were characterized and quantified for the stink bug, Pallantia macunaima. The major component for nymphs and adults was tridecane, with lesser amounts of other aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, oxo-alkenals and esters. The five nymphal instars showed significant differences in the proportions of compounds present, mainly between those of the first instar compared to the dorsal abdominal glands components of later instars. No significant differences were detected in the proportion of metathoracic gland components between the sexes but, between individuals of different ages, (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-decenyl acetate significantly decreased in adults from 10 to 20 days of age.
4-Oxo-Aldehydes From the Dorsal Abdominal Glands of the Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2010
Analyses of the dorsal abdominal glands of fourth-and Þfth-instar nymphs of the bed bud, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), indicated the predominant constituents were (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal, with lesser amounts of 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-octenal. The latter two compounds have not been reported previously as occurring in bed bugs. There were no differences in the chemical composition of the dorsal abdominal glands excised from exuviae left behind by either male or female adults, nor from glands excised from fourth-instar exuviae. Because the two oxo-aldehydes made up at least 16% of the gland contents, further study of the functional role of these chemicals seem advisable.
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994
We investigated the exocrine secretions from the five nymphal instars in the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, by analyzing separately the contents of the three dorsal abdominal reservoirs. All DAGs 1 produced a mixture of five alkanes with 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 carbons. No differences were found between DAGs 2 and DAGs 3, for the five instars: the glands of first instars produce the same alkanes as DAGs 1, n-tridecane, traces of (E)-2-decenal, and a specific compound: (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal. In the other instars (second to fifth), (EJ-4-oxo-2-decenal is absent from the secretion but another compound is present: (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. The kinetics of production of the different compounds were studied, the maximum amounts produced occurring 36 hr after hatching. The biological function of (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal was investigated. Using olfactometry, we showed that this compound acts as an attractant and an arrestant on second instars, at physiological doses. Moreover, this semiochemical was shown to be repellent to the fire-ant Solenopsis geminata, a potential predator of N. viridula and we established the dose-response curve for the repellent activity.
The chemical volatiles (Semiochemicals) produced by neotropical stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae
Neotropical Entomology, 2008
In recent years the growing concern about environmental changes and how we are using the natural resources have triggered a search for natural products as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The stink bugs produce a wide variety of chemical compounds (semiochemicals) that show potential to manage these insects. The stink bugs Chinavia impicticornis (Stål), C. ubica (Rolston), Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas), Euschistus heros (F.), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Thyanta perditor (Westwood) and Tibraca limbativentris (Stål) had their blends of defensive compounds evaluated both qualitative and quantitatively. The main compounds identified on the glands of Brazilian stink bugs are: 2-alkenals, mainly the E isomer; saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons; and 4 oxo-(E)-2-alkenals. The first sex attractant determined from a stink bug was obtained from Nezara viridula L., and consists on a mix of two isomers cis - and trans bisabolene-epoxides. Later the soybean stink bug E. heros was also studied and its sex attractant was identified as three esters methyl: 2,6,10-trimethyldecanoate, methyl 2,6,10-trimethyldodecanoate, and methyl E2, Z4-decadienoate. Recently, three new Brazilian sting bugs were studied and had their sex attractant elucidated. Males of T. perditor produce the ester, methyl 2E,4Z,6Z-decatrienoate. Whereas, the stink bug, P. guildinii has as sexual pheromone, the sesquiterpene β-sesquiphellandrene, and the stink bug T. limbativentris produces as sex attractant the zingiberenol. In this review we discuss the advances obtained on the behaviour and identification of sex and defensive compound of stink bugs from Brazilian crops and the application of this knowledge to manage the stink bugs.
Scientific Reports, 2017
Although the nymphs of Corythucha marmorata form clusters on the undersides of host plant leaves, as frequently observed for Hemiptera, the adults are scattered in the vicinity of the nymph population. By investigating the biological activities of volatile secretions from the adult, we found that the secretions activated male mounting behaviour. A chemical analysis revealed that borneol was a common component of the secretions from both sexes. The absolute configuration of the natural product was the (+)-enantiomer of borneol and the optical isomer was undetectable. Although (+)-borneol showed significant sex pheromone activity against males, the antipode (−)-borneol also induced sex pheromone activity, albeit only slightly. Males may not have a strict identification mechanism based on stereochemistry. To verify the origin of this sex pheromone, we analysed the components of the essential oil of the leaves of Solidago canadensis L. (Compositae: Asteraceae), a host plant; bornyl acetate was detected to be a major component. The plant-produced bornyl acetate had different stereochemistry from the sex pheromone. The results suggested that the adults do not utilise the secondary metabolites of plants but biosynthesise this sex pheromone themselves. This is the first report on sex pheromone identification in Tingidae.
Male-produced anti-sex pheromone in a plant bug
Naturwissenschaften, 2003
In plant bugs (Miridae), females produce sex pheromones in the metathoracic scent gland, which in most other true bugs (Heteroptera) is responsible for chemical defense. The possibility that the metathoracic gland secretion of male plant bugs plays a role other than defense has been largely overlooked. Here we show that in a pine-inhabiting mirid, Phytocoris difficilis Knight, hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate are abundantly produced only in males; we demonstrate that these metathoracic gland compounds elicit strong antennal responses in conspecific males, and that these butyrates totally interrupt attraction of males to the femaleproduced sex pheromone. Our results suggest that in at least some plant bugs the male metathoracic scent gland esters have a natural communicative function as anti-sex pheromones, probably to interrupt further mating attempts by other males.
Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1997
E-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and E-2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), E ;E-2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate (9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated.
ZooKeys, 2011
Citation: Bonacci T, Brandmayr P, Zetto T, Perrotta ID, Guarino S, Peri E, Colazza S (2011) Volatile compounds released by disturbed and undisturbed adults of Anchomenus dorsalis (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) and structure of the pygidial gland. ZooKeys 81 : 13 -25 .
Environmental Entomology, 2004
Hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, common metathoracic scent gland compounds of plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), attracted large numbers of female chloropid [Olcella trigramma (Loew), O. cinerea, Conioscinella sp.] and milichiid (Leptometopa latipes Meigen) ßies. Blends of these two butyrates attracted signiÞcantly more chloropids than did the compounds individually. The optimal synergistic ratios for O. trigramma attraction ranged from 1:1Ð9:1 hexyl butyrate to hexenyl butyrate. These values are similar to natural ratios of the compounds in the scent gland secretion from tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris, and other mirids. Antennae of female O. trigramma gave strong electrophysiological responses to (E)-2-hexenyl and hexyl butyrates, whereas electroantennogram responses to butyl butyrate and pentyl butyrate were insigniÞcant. (E)-2-octenyl acetate, one of the major sex pheromone components of mirids in the genus Phytocoris, was strongly attractive to the milichiid, L. latipes, and another pheromone component of Phytocoris bugs, hexyl acetate, was inactive alone, yet synergized the attraction of the milichiid and three chloropid species to (E)-2-octenyl acetate. Traps baited with (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, a volatile component of various heteropterans, were signiÞcantly attractive to both O. cinerea and L. latipes, whereas addition of ␥-caprolactone and green leaf alcohols signiÞcantly reduced the numbers of both ßy species caught. Our results suggest that females of these chloropid and milichiid ßies use volatile defensive and pheromonal compounds from plant bugs as kairomones to Þnd freshly injured or dead bugs on which to feed. The sex-speciÞc attraction might indicate that females of these ßies need a protein-rich meal for maximum fecundity, as do anautogenous mosquitoes. KEY WORDS grass ßies, Olcella, kairomone, anautogenous, hexyl butanoate WHILE TESTING POTENTIAL EFFECTS of hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate on attraction of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae), tremendous numbers of various chloropid and milichiid ßies were caught. These two butyrate esters are commonly produced in the metathoracic scent gland of lygus bugs (Aldrich et al. 1988, Ho and Millar 2002) and other mirids (McBrien and Millar 1999). This Þnding led to further study of the kairomonal function of mirid allomones and raised the possibility that mirid sex pheromone omponents (also produced in the metathoracic scent gland) are used as kairomones by these kinds of ßies. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use.