Morphological and molecular identification of Hydrobiidae from brackish lagoons in Scotland (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
The following paper presents the results on the determination of the diversity of species from the Phytophthora genus occurring in the declining oak stands in Krotoszyn Plateau in Poland. From the 50s of the last century, significant deterioration of oak health was observed in these stands, and Phytophthora species were suggested as one of the factors of the decline. In order to determine the presence of pathogenic organisms from the Phytophthora genus in these stands, 180 rhizosphere soil samples from three forest districts throughout the Krotoszyn Plateau were collected and subjected to the isolation method. Phytophthora species were consistently isolated from all the sampled stands, and 194 isolates from 111 positive samples were obtained. However, 150 (77%) and 44 (23%) isolates originated from the samples taken under the symptomatic and asymptomatic trees, respectively. All the obtained isolates were morphologically classified using the light and scanning electron microscopy and divided into morphological groups. Genomic DNA was isolated from selected isolates representing each group, ITS regions were amplified and sequence analyses were performed. In total, four different Phytophthora species were detected, including P. cactorum, P. plurivora, 204
Molecular analysis of Phytophthora species found in Poland
Folia Forestalia Polonica
Pathogens ofPhytophthoragenus are common not only in forest nurseries and stands, but also in water courses. Species ofPhytophthoraspread with plants for plantings (and soil attached to them) and with water courses as well, attacking the plants growing in riparian ecosystems. Several specialized organisms damaging only one tree species were identified likeP. alnion alders orP. quercinaon oaks. SomePhytophthoraspecies can develop on several hosts likeP. plurivoraandP. cactorumon oaks, beeches, alders, ashes and horse chestnuts. Other oomycetes likeP. gallicaspecies was found for the first time in Poland in water used for plant watering in forest nursery. SpeciesP. lacustrisandP. gonapodyideswere found in superficial water.PhytophthoraspeciesP. polonicawas identified in the declining alder stands for the first time in the world, andP. taxonhungaricaandP. megaspermawere found in the rhizosphere of seriously damaged ash stands for the first time in Poland. The most often isolated specie...
First records of Phytophthora spp. based on DNA analysis in Lithuania
Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A
The assessment on Phytophthora diseases on trees and shrubs was carried out in Lithuania. The presence of Phytophthora DNA was confirmed using Real time PCR analysis on 23 DNA samples. The sampling includes wood from sick trees, leaves from shrubs, leaves baited in water, and soil samples taken around the sick plants. DNA from wood and leaves was extracted using NucleoSpin® Plant II kit and from soil using PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit. The presence of Phytophthora in soil samples was confirmed using Alert-LF® ELISA devices. All of the analysed DNA 23 samples were recognized by Phytophthora-specific probe during real time PCR. Key words. Phytophthora, Lithuania, alien species
Occurrence of soilborne Phytophthora species in declining broadleaf forests in Hungary
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2013
Invasive Phytophthora species are responsible for severe tree diseases in many forest ecosystems in Europe. In Hungary, the symptoms were first noted when P. alni infection led to a serious decline and mortality of alder stands in the late 1990s. Between 2001 and 2009, over 300 soilborne Phytophthora isolates were collected from declining broadleaf forests in Hungary, and 10 Phytophthora species identified based on morphological traits and the molecular characteristics of the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The most diverse species spectrum, found in diseased alder stands, included P. gonapodyides, P. gregata, P. inundata, P. lacustris, P. megasperma, P. plurivora, one informally designated taxon: P. taxon hungarica, and one unnamed species P. sp.1. P. cactorum and P. plurivora isolates were prevalent in the soil of a declining eastern black walnut forest, and three species, P. gonapodyides, P. multivora and P. plurivora were recovered from a declining oak stand. More than one ITS-based genotype was identified for four species, including six genotypes for P. gonapodyides, and two each for P. cactorum, P. plurivora and P. inundata. The high genetic diversity of the P. gonapodyides isolates may indicate that the species is indigenous to the region. In contrast, the frequently recovered, widely distributed P. lacustris with a single ITS genotype may represent a recent colonizer. The P. multivora isolates are, to date, the first reported from a European native forest.
Waterborne Phytophthora Species Occurrence and Diversity in the Valley of the Rák Brook
Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica
This paper reports on a two-year monitoring of Phytophthora species occurring in the catchment area of the Rák Brook near Sopron. P. gonapodyides, P. lacustris, P. plurivora and P. pseudosyringae were found in the course of surveys completed in the vegetation period of 2011 and 2012. Diversity profiles and cluster analysis were calculated in order to compare the Phytophthora communities detected at different sites and times. Seasonal differences were observed in the species compositions. Temperature data and basic hydrological parameters were found to determine the presence or absence of waterborne Phytophthora species in the catchment area of the Rák Brook. Pathogenicity of the Phytophthora species discovered was confirmed and evaluated against sessile oak seedlings.
Molecular evidence supports Phytophthora quercina as a distinct species
Mycological Research, 1999
Phytophthora quercina, a new species associated with oak decline in Europe, has been assigned to Waterhouse's Group I of Phytophthora. The level of intraspecific variation and evidence of affinities to other Group I species and another, as yet unidentified, species from oak, were examined at the molecular level using four random ten-mer primers to amplify total DNA (RAPDs). Sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of a 900 bp PCR product consisting of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, and the 5.8S subunit of ribosomal DNA were also examined to estimate relatedness to a broader range of Phytophthora species. The RAPD banding patterns of ten isolates of P. quercina from eight sites in Germany, Hungary and Italy were almost identical and distinct from all the other species tested. Their ITS restriction fragment patterns were also identical, as were the ITS sequences of four selected isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence data confirmed its unique position in this section of the genus which comprises P. quercina, another five Group I species, P. infestans (Group IV) and P. nicotianae (Group II). Isolates of P. quercina formed a distinct branch at the base of this clade showing no close affinities with any other species. Such data support morphological, physiological and pathological evidence that P. quercina is distinct, although it has some affinity with the other Group I species. The results support earlier reports that Waterhouse's groupings of morphospecies do not fully correspond to phylogenetic relationships indicated by molecular studies. The unidentified Phytophthora sp. 2 from oak was closely related to P. ilicis (Group IV) ; both were distinct on molecular criteria from all other species in the study.
Three new species of Phytophthora from European oak forests
Mycological Research, 2002
In several studies of oak decline in Europe, one semi-papillate (Phytophthora psychrophila sp. nov.) and two nonpapillate homothallic Phytophthora species (P. europaea and P. uliginosa spp. nov.) were isolated, together with other Phytophthora species, from rhizosphere soil samples which could not be assigned to existing taxa. P. psychrophila differs from other semi-papillate species of Waterhouse's morphological Group IV, like P. ilicis and P. hibernalis, by its uniform, dome-shaped and cottonwool-like colony growth pattern on V8 juice agar and malt extract agar, the occurrence of sympodially branched primary hyphae, the high variation in size and shape of the sporangia, shorter pedicels, lower optimum temperature for growth, and ITS sequences. P. europaea is distinguished from related nonpapillate Group V and VI species, namely P. fragariae, P. cambivora, and the ' alder phytophthora ', by producing oogonia with tapered bases, irregular walls and exclusively paragynous antheridia, its cardinal temperatures for growth, and ITS sequences. P. uliginosa differs from related Group V and VI species by its large oogonia with exclusively paragynous antheridia, the predominant occurrence of ellipsoid sporangia with markedly wide exit pores, its slow growth, low cardinal temperatures, its colony growth patterns, and ITS sequences. P. uliginosa is separated from P. europaea by its larger oogonia without tapering bases, lower cardinal temperatures and growth rates, different colony growth patterns, and greater aggressiveness on Q. robur.
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland
Folia Forestalia Polonica, 2016
Our aim was to examine the virulence of eight Phytophthora isolates belonging to three species (Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora quercina) obtained from diverse European ecosystems (in Bulgaria, Poland and Germany) towards three forest tree hosts – English oak (Quercus robur L.), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). All plants grown from seeds in a greenhouse conditions were artificially inoculated under the stem bark with Phytophthora cultures. The tested isolates turned to be more aggressive to Turkey oaks than to English oak trees. In case of European beech, the isolates of P. cryptogea and P. plurivora exposed various virulence. The potential hazard of the introduced foreign isolates for the oak and beech forests in Poland and Bulgaria is discussed. Amongst the tested isolates, P. quercina P290 from German highly infected Bulgarian Turkey oaks; therefore, its negative potential impact on Bulgarian oak forests coul...
Morphological and molecular identification of phytophthora species from maple trees in Serbia
Genetika, 2014
The paper presents the results of the study performed with aims to determine the presence and diversity of Phytophthora species on maple trees in Serbia. Due to high aggressiveness and their multicyclic nature, presence of these pathogens is posing significant threat to forestry and biodiversity. In total, 29 samples of water, soil and tissues were taken from 10 different localities, and six different maple hosts were tested. After the isolation tests, 17 samples from five different maple hosts were positive for the presence of Phytophthora spp., and 31 isolates were obtained. After the detailed morphological and physiological classification, four distinct groups of isolates were separated. DNA was extracted from selected representative isolates and molecular identification with sequencing of ITS region was performed. Used ITS4 and ITS6 primers successfully amplified the genomic DNA of chosen isolates and morphological identification of obtained isolates was confirmed after the sequencing. Four different Phytophthora species were detected, including P. cactorum, P. gonapodyides, P. plurivora and P. lacustris. The most common isolated species was homothallic, and with very variable and semipapillate sporangia, P. plurivora with 22 obtained isolates. This is the first report of P. plurivora and P. gonapodyides on A. campestre, P. plurivora and P. lacustris on Acer heldreichii and first report of P. lacustris on A. pseudoplatanus and A. tataricum in Serbia.
Phytophthora citricola was detected in Siewierz Forest District in soil samples and diseased bark taken from declined 88-111-year-old European beech trees growing in three compartments of Trzebyczka Forest. Phytophthora cambivora was isolated only from diseased fine roots, bleeding cankers near trunk base and aerial canker spots. Both species colonised leaves and young stem parts as well as five-year-old beech branches. Necrosis spread about 1 mm/24 h.