National study of reproductive tract infections among high risk groups of Lahore and Karachi (original) (raw)
Related papers
Objective. Control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) is an important strategy to reduce HIV transmission. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and assess the current clinical management of STIs in India. Methods. FSWs attending three clinics for regular checkups or symptoms were screened for study eligibility. A behavioral questionnaire was administered, clinical examination performed, and laboratory samples collected. Results. 417 study participants reported a mean number of 4.9 (SD 3.5) commercial clients in the last week. 14.6% reported anal sex in the last three months. Consistent condom use with commercial and regular partners was 70.1% and 17.5%, respectively. The prevalence of gonorrhea was 14.1%, chlamydia 16.1%, and trichomoniasis 31.1% with a third of all infections being asymptomatic. Syphilis seropositivity was 10.1%. Conclusions. At study sites, presumptive treatment for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis screening should continue. Presumptive treatment for trichomoniasis should be considered. Consistent condom use and partner treatment need to be reemphasized.
Reproductive tract infection is a broad term that includes sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as other infections of the reproductive tract or reproductive tract infections (RTI) that are not transmitted through sexual intercourse. Thus reproductive tract infections (RTIs) include three types of infection:1) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 2) Endogenous infections, which are caused by overgrowth of organisms normally present in the genital tract of healthy women, such as bacterial vaginosis or vulvovaginal candidiasis and 3) Iatrogenic infections, which are associated with improperly performed medical procedures such as unsafe abortion or poor delivery practices. According to World Health Organization (WHO),1 Global estimates in 2005 was 448 million new cases of curable STIs (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis) occur annually in adults aged 15-49 years. In India, the annual incidence of STIs is estimated to be 5%. The prevalence of self-reported morbidity varies in different regions of India. Many community-based studies in India have shown the prevalence of RTIs to range from 39% to 84%.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in sex workers of Surat city
2004
Research Question: What is the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STIs) in sex workers? What are the contributing socio-demographic behavioural factors? Objective: To study the prevalence of STIs in sex workers. To find the association of different socio-demographic behavioural factors with STIs. Study design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Red Light Area (RLA). Participants: Sex workers (SWs) residing in RLA. Sample Size: 118. Study variables: Prevalence of STIs age literacy number of partners income condom use age at first sexual intercourse past history of STDs. Outcome variables: Association between prevalence of STIs and different socio-demographic factors (Odds Ratio). Statistical analysis: Percentages Chi square test. Results: Most sex workers (SWs) were illiterate joined the work before the age of 20 years and had more than three partners per day. Condom was regularly used with the clients but not with the consistent partners. 47.5% had one or more STDs. Prevalence of ...
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011
Objective. Control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs) is an important strategy to reduce HIV transmission. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and assess the current clinical management of STIs in India. Methods. FSWs attending three clinics for regular checkups or symptoms were screened for study eligibility. A behavioral questionnaire was administered, clinical examination performed, and laboratory samples collected. Results. 417 study participants reported a mean number of 4.9 (SD 3.5) commercial clients in the last week. 14.6% reported anal sex in the last three months. Consistent condom use with commercial and regular partners was 70.1% and 17.5%, respectively. The prevalence of gonorrhea was 14.1%, chlamydia 16.1%, and trichomoniasis 31.1% with a third of all infections being asymptomatic. Syphilis seropositivity was 10.1%. Conclusions. At study sites, presumptive treatment for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis screening should continue. Presumptive treatment for trichomoniasis should be considered. Consistent condom use and partner treatment need to be reemphasized.
2015
Background: Reproductive Tract Infection is caused by Sexually transmitted disease and other routes and are being increasingly recognized as a serious public health problem. RTIs cause suffering both to men and women,but their consequences are far more devastating and widespread among women.Aims and Objectives:1)To describe socio-demographic factors related to reproductive tract infection in female of reproductive age group attending Obstetrics & gynaecology OPD at RIMS. 2) To find the risk factors associated with reproductive tract infection among female of reproductive age group attending Obstetrics & gynaecology OPD at RIMS. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetric & Gynaecology OPD of Rims from 15 February 2014 to 1 April 2015.Data on variables like age, sex, Religion,Marital Status,Occupation was taken and all symptomatic & asymptomatic women were counselled for examination & investigations & given syndromic treatment. Follow-up done to assess impa...
Indian Journal of Community Health
Introduction: In developing countries, reproductive tract infection among women commonly goes undiagnosed and their sequel causes various complications. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of RTI/STI through a syndromic case approach and its correlates among women of reproductive age group. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 eligible married women residing in urban slums of Agra by using WHO Syndromic case approch for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STD was found to be 32.80% where vaginal discharge (22.60%) and lower abdominal pain (8.20%) were the most common syndromes. On multivariate analysis, religion, caste, type of absorbent used during menses, and history of IUD use were found to be significantly significant. Conclusion: The result of this study highlights the high prevalence and potential risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of RTI. It also emphasizes the need of training and ed...
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2019
Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among an internal-migrant population of reproductive age in China. We also analyzed the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to these infections. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the quota-sampling method was conducted in three cities from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 3320 participants (40.7% men and 59.3% women) were enrolled in the study, of whom, 1124, 1015, and 1181 were from Yinchuan, Urumchi, and Shanghai, respectively. Data on the included subjects were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: We found that 3.2% and 22.6% of all subjects lacked knowledge regarding the identification and prevention of RTIs, respectively. More than 80% of the participants approved of developing RTI surveillance and taking RTI-related courses. While 45.1% of the respondents changed their underwear every 2-3 days, 49.0% cleaned their genitals daily, and 34.9% reported taking a bath daily. Among contraceptive users, 47.4% and 29.7% used condoms and IUDs (intrauterine devices), respectively. Overall, 48.2% of the participants had laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections, and 19.7% of the female participants had endogenous infections. After controlling the socio-demographic variables, participants who cleaned their genitals and took a bath less frequently, as well as used condoms or pills had a lower prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, while those who were unwilling to take RTI-related courses and changed their underwear less frequently were more likely to contract sexually transmitted infections. While women who were unwilling to take RTI-related courses had a lower prevalence of endogenous infections, those with more children had a higher prevalence. Conclusion: The status of RTIs among the internal-migrant population of reproductive-age is not optimistic and is related to multiple factors. We believe this study will contribute to improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to RTIs.