Characterization of the Bond Behaviour Between Glass and GFRP (original) (raw)
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Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017
This paper presents a numerical study about the flexural behaviour of rectangular composite glass-GFRP beams, comprising annealed glass and GFRP pultruded profiles bonded with two different adhesives: (soft) polyurethane and (stiff) epoxy. The main objectives of this study were: (i) to fully characterize the non-linear behaviour of glass using the smeared crack approach; and (ii) to assess the applicability of different options to simulate adhesively bonded glass-GFRP joints. An extensive parametric study was developed to evaluate the influence of five parameters on the glass post-cracking non-linear behaviour: (i) glass fracture energy, Gf, (ii) crack band width, h, (iii) glass tensile strength, fg,t, (iv) shape of the tension-softening diagram, and (v) shear retention factor, β. The wide range of the joints' shear stiffness was simulated by either (i) assuming a perfect bond between glass and GFRP (i.e., neglecting the presence of the adhesive), or (ii) explicitly considering the adhesive, by means of using (ii.1) plane stress elements, or (ii.2) interface elements. For the beams analysed in this paper, the following material model for glass provided a good agreement with experimental results: Gf in the range of 3 to 300 N/m, h equal to the square root of the finite element area, fg,t = 50 MPa, linear softening diagram and β according to a power law. It was also shown that the hypothesis of perfect bond at the GFRP-glass interfaces allows for an accurate simulation of joints with high levels of interaction (epoxy), while calibrated interface elements are needed for joints with low level of interaction (polyurethane).
Experimental and numerical study on GFRP-glass adhesively bonded joints
Challenging Glass 4 & COST Action TU0905 Final Conference, 2014
In the last few years the development of glass industry and technology has promoted an increasing use of glass, especially for load bearing purposes. At the same time, the major limitations attributed to glass (its relatively low tensile strength and brittle behaviour) are being overcome by several different approaches, such as (i) the introduction of new materials that improve the structural behaviour of glass (e.g., the use of stiffer and high performance interlayers in laminated glass sheets), (ii) the use of new methods for connecting glass to other materials, thus providing a better distribution of stresses (e.g., the development of adhesive connections), and (iii) new methods to improve the post-fracture behaviour, such as the development of composite glass beams where glass is carefully assembled to different materials (e.g., wood, stainless steel, concrete or GFRP).
Engineering Structures, 2015
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study about the bond behaviour between glass panes and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates and the structural response of glass-GFRP beams. For this purpose, tests on glass-GFRP double-lap joints and tests on glass-GFRP hybrid beams were carried out. The finite element method was used and a discrete crack approach based on non-linear fracture mechanics was adopted. The bond between glass and GFRP is modelled by means of zero thickness interface elements. The material properties that characterize the interface, namely the shear stiffness, the cohesion and the mode-II fracture energy, are evaluated with the objective of simulating the experimental results obtained from double lap shear tests on glass-GFRP bonded joints. The obtained parameters, describing the bond-slip law between glass and GFRP, are then used to model the structural response of glass beams reinforced with GFRP. The numerical model is assessed by comparing the simulated structural responses and corresponding crack patterns with the experimental counterparts. This work contributes for a better understanding of the stress transfer mechanisms between glass and GFRP and the failure mechanisms found in the above-mentioned experimental tests, as well as to clarify the interpretation of the results obtained from those tests.
Failure Prediction of Glass Fiber Composite Material Single Lap Joint: Finite Element Analysis
In this paper, Single lap joint is prepared by three different joining methods namely adhesive bonding, riveted and bolted joints. The physical response of the single lap joints of Glass fibre reinforcement material subjected to tensile test was studied using finite element method. In adhesive bonding, finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS 16.0 for different overlap thickness as 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mm. Similarly, analysis carried out in riveted joint and bolted joint by varying the number of rivet and bolt. Virtually, ultimate strength and mode of failure in single lap glass fibre rein forced polymer (GFRP) joints were predicted at design stage to save time, fabrication and testing for complete product realization.
Interfacial effect on the fracture mechanism in GFRP composites
This paper represents the effect of interface on the fracture mechanism in glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites. The results exhibit that the reinforced interface causes the stress concentration near the edge of a broken filament. The mean fragment length has decreased with an increase in the tensile stress and finally reached a value of 0.3 mm. The interfacial effect gives rise to the progressed fracture in GFRP composites.
of Glass-Reinforced Polymeric Composites for
2007
A simulation model which incorporates the statistical- and numerical-based Lattice Green Function Local Load Sharing Model and a Fracture Mechanicsbased Residual Strength Model has been developed. The model simulates creep rupture by imposing a fixed load of constant stress on the composite over the simulation duration. Simulation of the fatigue of glass fiber-reinforced composites is achieved by replacing the constant stress parameter in the model with a sinusoidal wave function. Results from the creep rupture model using fused silica fiber parameters, compare well with S-2 glass/epoxy systems. Results using Mandell's postulate that fatigue failure in glass fiber-reinforced polymeric composites is a fiber-dominated mechanism, with a characteristic slope of 10 %UTS/decade are consistent with available experimental data. The slopes of fatigue curves for simulated composites for three frequencies namely: 2, 5 and 10 Hz are within 12-14 %UTS/decade compared with that of 10.6-13.0 ...
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Delamination crack growth is a major source of failure in composite laminates under static and fatigue loading conditions. In the present study, damage mechanics based failure models for both static and fatigue loadings are evaluated via UMAT subroutine to study the delamination crack growth phenomenon in Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite laminates. A static local damage model proposed by Allix and Ladevèze is modified to an non-local damage model in order to simulate the crack growth behavior due to static loading. Next, the same classical damage model is modified to simulate fatigue delamination crack growth. The finite element analysis results obtained by the proposed models are successfully compared with the available experimental data on the delamination crack growth for GFRP composite laminates.
Composite materials offer higher specific strength and stiffness than other conventional materials. The utilization of fiber glass is increase in recent years particularly in the aerospace industry due to its excellent properties such as light weight, high specific strength, high specific modulus of elasticity, good corrosion resistances. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are also used in passenger compartments, storage room doors due to their high mechanical properties. Composites were prepared with different wt% of chopped E-glass fiber mixed with epoxy resin.
Developments in GFRP reinforced bolted joints in glass
2018
The brittle material behaviour of glass means the inefficiency of contemporary mechanical connection technologies hampers the exploitation of full potential of glass for delivering energy efficient buildings. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the use of adhesively bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) strips as a mean improving strength and ductility of bolted joints in glass. The peak load and the post-peak ductility of GFRP reinforced joints in annealed glass in double-lap tension joint configurations were experimentally investigated and compared with equivalent unstrengthened reference bolted joints in annealed glass and fully-toughened glass. The results show that the peak load of the reinforced joints in annealed glass increased up to 250%. The reinforced joints also showed a notable ductility compared to the reference annealed glass and fully-toughened glass test specimens.
The effect of glass-resin interface strength on the impact strength of fiber reinforced plastics
Polymer Engineering and Science, 1978
Prewnted at t h r l977 Heiirloiced Yl.!stic\ Conf., Sriciet! of the Pl.i\tic\ Iiidu*tiir\, Inc (Fell 1977) Thus, the transverse strength (i.e., strength when measured perpendicular to t h e fiber direction) dependent only upon interface and resin strength, becomes very important. For example. when measuring the flexural strength of a balanced fabric laminate in one of the filler directions, 50 percent of the fibers will be at 90" to the stress direction. Failure will be initiated by cracking between these fibers. Not only will interface bonding influence this intralaminar strength, but, of course, the interlaminar shear strength and interlaminar tensile strength will be greatly influenced. Both of these properties are important in determiIiiiig failure modes resulting from a transverse impact force such as occurs in the Charpy impact test. Both interlaminar tensile and shear stresses are created in such an impact.