A comparative study of Pakistani and British press regarding the framing of Afghanistan war 2001 (original) (raw)
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This study explores the role of leading newspapers of both America and Pakistan on the war-on-terror (WoT). The comparative framing analysis of the WoT in the selected newspapers Dawn (Pakistan) and The New York Times (USA) was carried out. Content analysis in which Categorization Scheme was used with predefined categories that were made on the basis of Framing theory. Five different news frames are deduced by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) i.e. attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economics were looked at in the selected newspapers. The coverage and framing of USA’s press related to the war on terror were dominated by regional foreign politics especially the framing of Pakistan and its role in the war on terror. The mean length of the news stories in The New York Times (USA) was significantly more than Dawn. The New York Times (USA) carried a more negative tone than Dawn (Pakistan). Frames used in Dawn (Pakistan) and The New York Times (USA) did not...
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DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2019
This research is focused on press-government relationship on the issue of 'War on Terrorism' (WoT) during the dictatorial regime led by the then military ruler General Pervez Musharraf who remained in power till 2008 in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Global war against terrorism, generally known as 'war on terror' was actually started by the United States of America in the aftermath of 9/11 episode in 2001. Pakistan, on US demand, had not only become an important ally of the grand alliance formed under the umbrella of the United States but had also adopted the role of a frontline state just to fight the war against terrorism (WoT) alongside the war allies. Generally mass media have the potential to influence public opinion and help reshape the states' policies on different issues. Likewise, mass media of Pakistan also took an active part in the war either by going alongside the then dictatorial government or against it. This research is based on examining the way the Urdu language elite press, the most popular mass media of Pakistan, covered the dictatorial regime of President General Pervez Musharraf with regard to its policy on the issue of 'WoT'. The Main purpose of this study is to know the nature of relationship between the Urdu-language elite press and the dictatorial government of Gen Musharraf in Pakistan with regard to their policy positions on 'WoT' from 2001 to 2008. Three newspapers including daily Jang, daily Nawa-I-Waqt, and daily Pakistan, considered to be representatives of the Urdulanguage elite press of Pakistan, were selected for this study. The method used to measure the phenomenon is called framing where contents of the selected dailies were measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. Data were collected through systematic sampling method, while coding sheet was used as a tool for data collection. Unsigned main editorials of the selected newspapers were analyzed to examine the nature of relationship existed Scan for Download Media Framing and Public Opinion on the Issue of Global War on Terror…. 14 between the two entities i.e. the Urdu-language elite press, and the dictatorial government of Gen Pervez Musharraf, on the issue of 'WoT' in Pakistan. The results revealed that the selected elite newspapers, in general, remained critical to the dictatorial regime on the issue of 'WoT'. The findings also revealed that daily Nawa-I-Waqt remained highly critical to the government as compared to its other contemporaries i.e. daily Jang, and daily Pakistan. It was also revealed that the Urdu-language elite press while framing the 'War on Terror' remained somewhat supportive and quite neutral to the dictatorial regime on it policy on 'WoT'.
Analysis of Pakistan Print Media Narrative on the War on Terror
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International Communication Gazette, 2010
By operationalizing visual frames in terms of the human-interest vs technical frame and the anti-war vs the pro-war frame, and exploring the use of two sets of framing devices: graphic portrayal and emphasis, this framing analysis of 1387 photographs examined contrasting visual narratives employed by English-and Arabic-language transnational press in covering the 9/11 attack and the Afghan War. For the English-language newspaper, the International Herald Tribune, the frames emphasized the human suffering of 9/11 and de-emphasized the civilian casualties and moral guilt of implementing military force in Afghanistan by focusing more on a pro-war frame that showed the complex military high-tech operations and patriotic pictures. For the Arabic-language newspaper, Al-Hayat, the frames focused less on the victims and more on the material destruction of 9/11 and humanized the victims of the Afghan War. Furthermore, it focused on an anti-war frame by running visuals of anti-war protests and emphasizing graphic visuals portraying the humanitarian crisis in the Muslim country of Afghanistan.
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This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.
Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 2021
This study is mainly an appraisal of print media of Pakistan on the subject of War on Terror. It is a retrospective analysis led by conducting content analysis of editorials of “Nawa-e-Waqt and Dawn”. The results vibrantly disclose that “Nawa-e-Waqt” contributed additional reportage to “War on terror” in relation to Dawn. As Nawa-e-Waqt more criticized the Government of Pakistan in its editorials regarding its policies in WoT as compare to Dawn. This retrospective analysis acquires its theoretical framework from Robert Entman’s theory of framing that argues the aspects of salient and Selection. He pronounces framing practice as to choice some observed reality and brand it further salient. He says more that media framing in a way they can be appraise, deduce, expresses, and kind something central and the approvals towards a certain objects subscribed. The foundation of Framing Theory is that the mass media emphases consideration on specific happenings and then spaces them within a pa...
A Comparative Study of the Kashmir Conflict Coverage in Pakistani and Indian Press
Global Social Sciences Review, 2019
The paper compares the coverage of JNK conflict in the Pakistani and Indian English press. The objective of the study is to figure out the differences in the coverage of Kashmir conflict by the Indian and Pakistani press along with determining the prominence of war or peace frames in the coverage. Content Analysis was carried out of the news stories published on the international and national pages of English daily The Nation and Dawn from Pakistani press and English daily The Hindu and Times of India from the Indian press. The results revealed that war framing was recorded as the most dominant coverage pattern with respect to Kashmir conflict. War frames were more dominant in the Indian press coverage as compared to the Pakistani press and the differences in the coverage of the press of the two countries are significant.
Editorial Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Pakistani Media
2017
The study aims at analyzing the editorial coverage of Pakistani newspapers on the issue of Kashmir. For this purpose, four mainstream national newspapers – two each of English and Urdu language were selected and their editorial contents were analyzed. Theoretical approaches of Framing (Goffman, 1974) and Peace journalism (Galtung, 2003) were employed for their content examination. The findings of the study revealed that Urdu language newspapers comparatively gave larger space to the Kashmir conflict. All newspapers had similar framing pattern and visible inclination towards the war-oriented journalism. However, the editorial contents of Urdu newspapers carried higher degree of warjournalism indicators as compared to their English language contemporaries.