Feminist and Antifeminist Everyday Activism: Tactical Choices, Emotions, and 'Humor' (original) (raw)

Reconceptualizing Rhetorical Activism in Contemporary Feminist Contexts

2020

Feminist activism has long incorporated the rhetorical strategies of public protest and confrontation. However, feminist thought has also produced forms of activism that both include and move beyond these traditional rhetorical options. This essay explores the rhetorical exigencies of contemporary feminist activism, and then examines examples of rhetorical activism that play an integral part in contemporary feminism, such as creating grassroot models of leadership, using strategic humor, building feminist identity, sharing stories, and challenging stereotypes. This activism contributes not only to our understanding of the rhetoric of contemporary feminism, but also extends the rhetorical theories of social movements and counterpublics to include alternative kinds of activist options. KEYTERMS activism, social protest, counterpublics, social movements, third wave feminism During the past 50 years, communication scholars have written extensively on the rhetorical meanings and function...

Laughing against Patriarchy: Humor, Silence, and Feminist Resistance

One of the major concerns of Feminist Theory is the way in which women's ability to speak gets silenced, both in relation to sexist situations and to the way in which discourse itself is constructed. Some examples include Catherine MacKinnon's concern about the systematic silence of sexual harassment, 1 Deirdre Davis' concern about silencing through street harassment, 2 and Luce Irigaray's 3 and Monique Wittig's 4 concerns about the silence caused by the construction of discourse itself. Humor often reinforces silence, trivializing climates of sexism 5 and the act of pointing out the existence of patriarchal structures in society. 6 However, it also has been gestured to as a means of breaking silence and as coinciding with the self-articulation of women on their own terms. 7 What is the difference between silencing humor and humor that breaks silence? And what would it look like for humor to serve as a practice of feminist resistance? In this essay, I will argue ...

Ethics, politics and feminist organizing: Writing feminist infrapolitics and affective solidarity into everyday sexism

Human Relations, 2018

This article critically examines a 21st century online, social movement, the Everyday Sexism Project (referred to as the ESP), to analyse resistance against sexism that is systemic, entrenched and institutionalized in society, including organizations. Our motivating questions are: what new forms of feminist organizing are developing to resist sexism and what are the implications of thinking ethico-politically about feminist resistance that has the goals of social justice, equality and fairness? Reading the ESP in this way leads to a conceptualization of how infrapolitical feminist resistance emerges at grassroots level and between individuals in the form of affective solidarity, which become necessary in challenging neoliberal threats to women’s opportunity and equality. Our contribution conceptualizes affective solidarity as central to this feminist resistance against sexism and involves two modes of feminist organizing: the politics of experience and empathy. By addressing the eth...

@NOTOFEMINISM, #FEMINISTSAREUGLY, AND MISANDRY MEMES How Social Media Feminist Humor is Calling out Antifeminism

Emergent Feminisms Complicating a Postfeminist Media Culture, 2018

In this chapter we consider how social media platforms have produced new spaces for debates over feminism. The undeniable mass uptake of feminism via social media shows us that self-identified feminists are fighting against antifeminism in ways that enable mass participatory audiences via platforms such as Twitter. In particular, we explore how social media feminist humor and irony are used as rhetorical and debating strategies to challenge problematic arguments against or about feminists by re-staging anti-feminist claims as absurd, ridiculous, and illogical. We argue that humorous posts play a central role in increasing feminist audiences and mobilizing feminist connectivity (Papacharissi 2012), collectivity, and solidarity. To demonstrate this, we explore three different manifestations of social media feminist humor that challenge rejections of feminism or antifeminism. First, we look at the hugely popular Twitter account @NoToFeminism, which posts witty rejoinders to antifeminist discourses, and was created specifically to parody the #WomenAgainstFeminism movement (see Cohn, this volume), and has amassed a large following and popularity beyond social media into the mainstream publishing market. Next, we examine the Twitter hashtag #FeministsAreUgly, interrogating how feminists have intervened into the sexist logic that women are feminists because they are sexually undesirable to men. We explore how hashtags can be co-opted in ways that mutate far outside their original aims, given that the hashtag became a space that reinforced Eurocentric, (hetero)normative beauty norms its founders intended it to interrogate. Finally, we explore “misandry” posts which ironically present female superiority in an attempt to parody anti-feminist claims that feminists are man-hating. This tongue in cheek action can be considered a way of mocking willful misunderstandings of feminism. We also consider whether some of the memes celebrate violence against men in gender binary and essentializing ways. Overall we argue that social media affordances offer women opportunities to engage with and defend feminism in novel and exciting ways that complicate claims that our media culture is overwhelmingly postfeminist and that we are living in a moment that marginalizes sustained feminist political dialogue and critique.

Affect, identity, and conceptualizations of feminism and feminists on the antifeminist r/MensRights subreddit

2020

This thesis explores identity, affect, and discourses within the antifeminist r/MensRights community. By focusing on the discursive and affective treatment of the 'feminist' within the men's rights movement, it identifies the ways in which the feminist movement is framed within men's rights discourses. Particular attention is paid to how members of the movement carefully construct a broad and highly skewed understanding of 'feminism' as a dangerous ideological force that can radicalize and corrupt those it comes in contact with. The thesis identifies the properties, roles and locations of feminists within the feminist movement, and in relation to the men's rights movement. By exploring the ways in which affective themes and utterances are made with reference to the men's rights movements conceptions of feminism and 'the feminist', it becomes possible to tease out the roles of these carefully constructed (mis)representations. This exploration t...

Reinvigorating the Traditions of Second-Wave Radical Feminism: Humor and Satire as Political Work

Women's Reproductive Health, 2019

This is a commentary on Gloria Steinem's (1978) "If Men Could Menstruate," which is reprinted in this issue. Here I situate Steinem's essay in the context of other second-wave feminists (e.g., W.I.T.C.H., Flo Kennedy, Valerie Solanas) who used satire as a weapon against the patriarchy in their fight for radical social change. Although today we recognize that some men do menstruate, Steinem's humorous approach remains relevant today, and I discuss ways to use her work in teaching courses on feminism and social justice.

Sundén, Jenny and Susanna Paasonen, “We Have Tiny Purses in Our Vaginas!!! #thanksforthat”: Absurdity as a Feminist Method of Intervention. Qualitative Research Journal Vol. 21, no. 3 (2021), 233-243, open access.

Purpose-According to thesaurus definitions, the absurd translates as "ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous"; "extremely silly; not logical and sensible". As further indicated in the Latin root absurdus, "out of tune, uncouth, inappropriate, ridiculous," humor in absurd registers plays with that which is out of harmony with both reason and decency. In this article, the authors make an argument for the absurd as a feminist method for tackling heterosexism. Design/methodology/approach-By focusing on the Twitter account "Men Write Women" (est. 2019), the rationale of which is to share literary excerpts from male authors describing women's experiences, thoughts and appearances, and which regularly broadens into social theater in the user reactions, the study explores the critical value of absurdity in feminist social media tactics. Findings-The study proposes the absurd as a means of not merely turning things around, or inside out, but disrupting and eschewing the hegemonic logic on offer. While both absurd humor and feminist activism may begin from a site of reactivity and negative evaluation, it need not remain confined to it. Rather, by turning things preposterous, ludicrous and inappropriate, absurd laughter ends up somewhere different. The feminist value of absurd humor has to do with both its critical edge and with the affective lifts and spaces of ambiguity that it allows for. Originality/value-Research on digital feminist activism has largely focused on the affective dynamics of anger. As there are multiple affective responses to sexism, our article foregrounds laughter and ambivalence as a means of claiming space differently in online cultures rife with hate, sexism and misogyny.