Hereditary Contribution Towards Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Indian Population (original) (raw)

Inter-generation comparison of type-2 diabetes in 73 Indian families

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2008

To study type 2 diabetics in 2 generations in the same family and to see if there are any significant differences in their presentations. The study also focused on the non-diabetic siblings to see if there were any differences between them. Criteria for inclusion: 1. Proband case should have a parent who is a diabetic, 2. Proband case should have at least one sibling who is not diabetic. Entire families of such cases fulfilling the above criteria were included in the study. A detailed questionnaire was filled. This was followed by an examination of all anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. Venous blood samples for glucose measurement (fasting and post prandial), HbA1c, renal profile, lipid profile and insulin levels were collected. Urine sample was collected in appropriate containers for microalbuminuria, albumin/creatinine ratio. The study included 73 families, with a total of 307 members (159 male and 148 female...

Familial history: a risk factor of type 2 diabetes among the “Aggarwal” population of Delhi, India

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2015

Anthropologically, the majority of Indian population structure could be discerned in terms of different endogamous population groups (who marry between the clans), but unfortunately we still remain unaware about the epidemiological burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among different endogamous groups in India. We assessed the effect of family history on the risk of T2D among the Aggarwal (endogamous caste group) population of Delhi, a hospital-based case-control association study among the target population group of Delhi. Sixty percent of the cases reported familial history of type 2 diabetes. We found that the family history of T2D among Aggarwals significantly increases the odds of disease to 2.3 (confidence interval; 1.5041 to 3.5077). Cultural hallmarks, e.g., sedentary lifestyle, high socioeconomic status, and fat-enriched vegetarian dietary habits (86 %; pure-vegetarian) were noted in the present population. These factors correlated with age, waist to hip ratio, and blood pressure, which were important indicators for T2D in our study. The family history is a pertinent risk factor of T2D in this population group and can robustly predict the risk of T2D in their family and kinship. We suggest that the familial history of diabetes can be used as a potential public health tool for conducting population and culture-based epidemiological surveys that are required for better understanding of susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Family studies of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in South Indians

1994

Though a genetic basis for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is clear, the likely mode of inheritance is not known. The segregation of NIDDM was studied in 64 nuclear South Indian pedigrees (449 individuals) ascertained through an affected proband having both parents and more than 1 sibling alive and available for oral glucose tolerance testing. A high proportion of parents were found to be of abnormal glucose tolerance [89 of 128 (70 %) diabetic and 11 of 128 (9 %) impaired]. Complex segregation analysis was performed using (1) POINTER which implements the mixed model and distinguishes major gene, multifactorial and nontransmitted environmental contributions to affection and (2) COMDS which implements an oligogenic model with major gene, modifier gene and environmental contributions to a) affection and b) diathesis (an ordered polychotomy amongst non-affected family members, based on 2-h plasma glucose level). Using POINTER, there was no formal support for a major gene and the most parsimonious solutions were achieved with multifactorial models. Using COMDS, we found i) significant improvements in models when information on glucose levels in nondiabetic family members (diathesis) was included, if) support for segregation of a dialletic gene as well as background familial resemblance, and iii) under the best-supported model, this diallelic locus featured incomplete dominance (d-0.8) and a disease-predisposing allele frequency of 14 %. In South Indians, segregation of NIDDM is inadequately described by simple major gene models: more complex models provide more satisfactory descriptions. This finding, if applicable in other populations, has important implications for the search for diabetes-susceptibility genes.

Original Article OPEN ACCESS Familial early onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

Background: Globally, the prevalence of chronic, non-communicable diseases is increasing at an alarming rate. Furthermore, approximately 197 million people worldwide have impaired glucose tolerance. Consequently, diabetes is rapidly emerging as a global health problem that threatens to assume a pandemic level by 2030. In Indian population, genetic predisposition to trigger diabetes at an early age as compared to western counterpart has been focused very much. Aim: To gain further insight into the positive correlation between the diabetes and family history was the objective of this study. Materials and Methods: Patients attending the Diabetes were recruited, diagnosed and analyzed as per WHO criteria. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was higher among patients with diabetic mother (25.6%) compared to patients with diabetic father (21.2%) and there was early onset of type -2 diabetes among patients having both parents with diabetic when compared to other patients. Conclusion: Based on the present observation, it would be appropriate to emphasize again that a strong family history for diabetes, would signal at an early age, the onset of diabetes perhaps with its complications.

Familial aggregation of Diabetes: a study based on Patients and Controls in Pune

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences

Type 2 Diabetes prematurely kill two-thirds of people in industrialized nations. Large numbers of diabetics in Indian sub continent and their ever-growing numbers are because of rapidly changing lifestyles compounded with inherent susceptibility of Indians to the disease. The study therefore aimed to undertake an anthropological investigation of 'familial clustering of diabetes' among Indian population with its possible linear transmission from one generation to other. A study of 1150 subjects was carried that included 750 patients, 400 nested case controls. Diagnosis of disease was based on 'WHO criteria. Data was collected from various hospitals from Pune such as K.E.M, AFMC, Sassoon Hospital, Poona Hospital, Nandadeep Hospital. Structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews were used. Family History Index (FHI) was calculated. Conventional statistical methods like Yates correction, Odds Ratio (OR), 95 % CI were used. Analysis showed that more than half of diabetic patients had positive family histories. Family History Index (FHI) showed a strong exposure to diabetes with presence of significant familial clustering of diabetes among first degree relatives. The prevalence of diabetes was relatively high among one or both parents, siblings of patients. Thus, it was observed that parents and siblings were the maximum sufferers of diabetes along with strong paternal inheritance. The study reflected the fact that linear transmission of diabetes was strongest among first degree relatives followed by second degree relatives of patients. This implies the fact of presence of strong genetic component in the etiology of the disease which becomes more severe, with various lifestyle factors.

Epidemiologic study of familial Type 2 diabetes in Tehran

Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 2018

Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of hyperglycemia. It has different prevalence in various populations. It has been found out that type 2 diabetes is a genetic disorder; however, its inheritance and its type have not been well defined. In studying the genes involved in the development of diabetes, several genes have been introduced as candidates; however, the gene or genes involved in diabetes cannot be identified yet. As family diabetes has not been studied in Iran so far, this study was conducted on a population aged over 20 years in east of Tehran. In a population of 14,687 people living in east of Tehran, 180 families with type 2 diabetes were identified. In this research, 802 subjects were female and 792 were male. After oral glucose tolerance test, 40.7% of females and 32.3% of males had diabetes. The incidence of diabetes in females was significantly higher than that in males (P < 0.001). It was found that 656 diabetic patients had age over 20 years, which most of them had age between 41 and 70 years. The highest number of diabetic patients was in the age group of 51-60 years. The percentage of offspring and siblings involvement in this sample was 44% and 53%, respectively. The highest level of involvement among the first-degree family members belonged to sister-brother, followed by father-daughter. This study shows the relationship between family diabetes in Iranian families in a demographic study. By recognizing the family relations, effective measures can be taken to prevent this disease. In the case of type 2 diabetes development in one member of family, the incidence of diabetes in other family members would increase by up to 50%. Thus, screening is suggested for all type 2 diabetic family members continuously so that the disease to be immediately diagnosed and treated to prevent major complications of diabetes.

Genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Global Population: A Review

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Background Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes contribute to the majority of deaths in India. Public health programmes on non-communicable diseases (NCD) prevention primarily target the behavioural risk factors of the population. Hereditary is known as a risk factor for most NCDs, specifically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hence, understanding of the genetic markers of T2DM may facilitate prevention, early case detection and management. Main body We reviewed the studies that explored marker–trait association with type 2 diabetes mellitus globally, with emphasis on India. Globally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7903146 of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene was common, though there were alleles that were unique to specific populations. Within India, the state-wise data were also taken to foresee the distribution of risk/susceptible alleles. The findings from India showcased the common and unique allel...