Improvement in Efficiency of Battery of Electric Vehicle by Analyzing the Heat Transfer Enhancement of Lithium Ion Battery Pack (original) (raw)
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IRJET, 2021
Electric vehicles are being developed to address the looming energy crisis and air pollution concerns. Because of its high power density and current efficiency, cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are widely employed. Internal temperature and temperature fluctuations between individual batteries have a significant impact on battery performance. The temperature of the battery changes during operation due to internal heat generation caused by electrochemical processes and the Joule effect. This selfsustaining process can result in an unregulated temperature increase, which can eventually lead to a deadly thermal runaway if heat is not removed as it is generated. We can either enhance the heat transfer coefficient or increase the surface area to increase the heat transfer rate. The heat transmission coefficient of a certain medium, on the other hand, is constant. As a result, increasing the surface area by adding fins can improve the heat transfer coefficient.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF CYLINDRICAL LITHIUM ION BATTERIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
IRJET, 2022
Lithium-ion batteries are found suitable for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and clean electric vehicles (EVs), and temperature control for lithium batteries is essential for long-term performance and longevity. Unfortunately, battery thermal management (BTM) was not given much attention due to misunderstandings of battery temperature behavior. The design of the battery temperature equity is important. The uniformity of the temperature of the lithium battery pack is critical to the performance and life of the lithium battery system. The uneven distribution of temperature can easily lead to a heat escape from the lithium battery pack, which could pose safety hazards for the electric car. Temperature similarity is usually measured with Maximum Temperature Difference (MTD). This paper aims to design a cooling system for battery packs with good temperature similarity. In this project, two battery temperature control solutions are selected and analyzed: a wavy cooling channel and a U-shaped cooling system is used. The results show that the wavy tube cooling system has a better cooling effect.
Electric Vehicle Lithium Ion Batteries Thermal Management
TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2014
The lithium ion batteries, thanks to their high densities and high power, became promotes element for hybrid-electric and plug-in electric vehicles. Thermal management of lithium ion battery is important for many reasons, including thermal runaway, performance and maintains a constant temperature during the operating, security, lifecycle. However, in a battery pack, the batteries are stacked against each other without cooling surfaces except the outer surface of the package and the cell in the center of pack are exposed to overheating and thermal runaway. After several recent researches, it has been proved that lithium ion batteries are currently confronts a problem of temperature rise during their operation discharge, which affects the batteries performance, efficiency and reduces the life of lithium ion batteries. However, this work is set to access the three dimensional analytical modeling based on Green's Function technique to study the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery during discharge with different discharge rates (0.3C, C/2, 1C, 2C) and strategies natural convection cooling on the surface of the battery is performed.
Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle
IRJET, 2022
Choosing a proper cooling method for a lithiumion (Li-ion) battery pack for electric drive vehicles (EDVs) and making an optimal cooling control strategy to keep the temperature at an optimal range of 15degree C to 35degree C is essential to increasing safety, extending the pack service life, and reducing costs. When choosing a cooling method and developing strategies, trade-offs need to be made among many facets such as costs, complexity, weight, cooling effects, temperature uniformity, and performance. This paper considers two cell-cooling methods: air cooling, direct liquid cooling and compared the results with static cell temperature. To evaluate their effectiveness, these methods are assessed using a typical large capacity Li-ion pouch cell designed for EDVs from the perspective of coolant parasitic power consumption, maximum temperature rise, temperature difference in a cell, and additional weight used for the cooling system. Used a state-of-the-art Li-ion battery electro-chemical thermal model. The results show that under our assumption an air-cooling system consumed more energy to keep the same average temperature. A direct liquid cooling system has the lowest maximum temperature rise.
Review of Batteries Thermal Problems and Thermal Management Systems
Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering (JISE), 2017
Electric vehicles, lithium-based batteries that are used in solar energy storage are known from these products. Especially, in electric (EV), hybrid (HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV), battery technology has been an important contributor to reducing toxic gas emissions and using energy efficiently. In this study, we have examined some of the problems with associated solutions for battery heat management and what information is needed for proper design of battery heat management. Later we have examined the types of batteries which are used in electric vehicles and the characteristics of these batteries. We have mentioned about battery thermal management varieties such as air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM), thermoelectric module and heat pipe. Finally, we have provided information on the shape of the battery pack and the thermal management effect of the battery packing.
Energy Storage, 2020
The growth in electric vehicles is climbing so is the requirement of battery packs. Most commonly used battery packs are made of cylindrical lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells arranged a specific orientation. For a highly effective cooling system of a Li-ion battery pack, an appropriate cell arrangement plays a substantial role. In electric vehicles, the battery pack decides the performance of it, as it is the only power source. Under extreme temperature conditions, the efficiency of the battery packs decreases. This non-uniform effect must be minimized by recommending the appropriate location and orientations of cells. Hence, the battery pack is modeled and analyzed for both inline and staggered arrangements in this study. The numerical simulations are carried out using Ansys Fluent-18. Moreover, this paper also explores the possibilities of using cells with an elliptical cross-section and its effect on cooling performances and recommendations have been made. It is found that the pressure drop decreases by five times when the circle is replaced by an ellipse. The pressure drag decreases when the ellipse is placed in a staggered arrangement and is found to be 72.63% with respect to inline arrangements. Though the flow characteristics were in favor of the ellipse, the heat dissipation was found to be better for circular cells.
A Review on Cooling Methods of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Applications
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2024
The thermal concerns, such as capacity loss, uneven temperature distribution and thermal runaway of the battery packs made of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) used in electric vehicles (EV), limits its applicability, especially in situations of high-power demand. This article analyses the causes of heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs, focusing on their dominance over total heat generation. It discusses the thermal issues arising from heat generation, their root causes, and influencing parameters. Further, it examines the effect of cooling systems on peak battery temperature and temperature uniformity, as well as their design, operating, and performance parameters. The review suggests that, when designing a cooling system, entropic heating should be considered alongside Joule heating during low discharge rates and high temperatures, which are the conditions that prevail when an EV cruises on highways in hot weather. Capacity fade of battery is caused by temperature-dependent factors such as the growth of the SEI layer, rise in separator resistance, and active material loss. Hence an effective battery cooling system should maintain a temperature range of 15°C to 35°C and 'ΔTmax' below 6°C. Out of the reviewed cooling systems, air cooling is found to be simple and cost effective, but inefficient for large battery packs. PCM based cooling technique offers greater temperature uniformity but is sensitive to melting point. Liquid cooling is most efficient but adds cost and complexity. Evaporative cooling can serve as a middle ground between air and liquid cooling with further research to put it into practice. The future research in battery thermal management may focus lowering the energy consumption of the cooling systems by taking into account, the precise cooling needs as per the modes of battery operation.
Battery electrical vehicles analysis of thermal modelling and thermal management
2015
Advanced research on rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries has allowed for large format and high-energy batteries to be largely used in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). For transportation applications, beside limitations of driving range, long charging time is still considered as an important barrier for a wide use of BEVs. The increase of the charging current amplitude may however subject the battery to stressful situations and can significantly increase the temperature of the battery. These phenomena reduce the battery’s lifetime and performances and in worst-case scenario, thermal runaway can occur. To avoid this, there is a need for an optimized thermal management in order to keep the battery in a safe and beneficial range of operating conditions. Firstly, in this PhD dissertation a two-dimensional electrical-thermal model has been developed to predict the cell temperature distribution over the surface of the battery. This model requires less input parameters and still has high ac...
Simplified Heat Generation Model for Lithium ion battery used in Electric Vehicle
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2013
It is known that temperature variations inside a battery may greatly affect its performance, life, and reliability. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the heat generation in Lithium ion batteries, a simple heat generation models were constructed in order to predict the thermal behaviour of a battery pack. The Lithium ion battery presents in this paper is Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO 4). The results show that the model can be viewed as an acceptable approximation for the variation of the battery pack temperature at a continuous discharge current from data provided by the manufacturer and literature.
2015
This paper describes a novel thermal model for lithium-ion battery technology. The model has been developed in Matlab/Simulink, which is based mainly on the electrical parameters such as thermal resistance, thermal capacitance, and thermal convection. In this study, a new methodology is presented for extraction of the model parameters based on the Matlab/Simulink parameter optimization tool. The results exhibit that the error percentage between the simulated and experimental results is less than 5%. According to this model, the battery cell temperature can be kept in a safe operating region by coupling the surface temperature of the battery with the heating and cooling systems. This will allows to enhance the battery performances on one hand and to avoid thermal runway effect on the other hand. The proposed battery model is not only useful for pouch battery cells but can be employed for any battery